Commerce and Management
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Item Factors Affecting Employee Turnover Intention and the Moderating Role of Gender: Evidence from the Laborer Category Employees Working in Katunayake Free Trade Zone of Sri Lanka(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya., 2022) Piyasiri, S.; Weerasinghe, T. D.Although the factors affecting employee turnover intention have been adequately studied in the extant literature in various contexts, minimum attention has been given to studying the actual effect of such factors on the role of gender, especially in the Free Trade Zones in Sri Lanka. Hence, the current study attempts to examine the effect of identified factors from literature, on employee turnover intention with the moderating role of gender on each antecedent. Predominantly adopting the deductive approach, quantitative strategy and cross-sectional time horizon, the study was conducted among a sample of 194 employees of the labourer category working in Katunayake Free Trade Zone via a survey questionnaire developed based on standard measurement scales. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the sample while the sample size was determined based on the Morgan table. Data analysis was done employing multiple regression analysis and the moderator analysis with Hayes process v3.5 macro in SPSS 26.0. Findings revealed that job satisfaction and organizational commitment have a negative relationship whereas job performance and job burnout adhere to a strong positive relationship with the employee turnover intention regardless of gender. Further, it is found that gender has no moderating effect on the hypothesized association. Accordingly, it is recommended for human resource professionals to focus more on each controllable factor affecting employee turnover intention which is more likely to convert into actual employee turnover adding costs to organizations in training and development, poor job performance, poor productivity, and emergency recruitments.Item Self Confidence and the Cognitive Styles among the Secondary School Students in Sri Lanka(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya., 2021) Liyadipita L.A.M.H.P.The purpose of this study was to determine secondary school students' self-confidence in terms of cognitive style. The dependent variable was self-confidence and independent factors were gender and cognitive styles. The study used a descriptive survey and the sample consisted of 400 students in grade 11. Data was collected using the Cognitive Style Inventory and the Self-confidence Inventory and was analyzed using a two-way ANOVA. Data were analyzed using Two Way ANOVA with a 52-factorial design. The most important influence of cognitive style and gender on secondary school pupils' self-confidence was shown to be substantial. The double interaction impact of cognitive style and gender on secondary school students' self-confidence was discovered to be substantial. School teachers should organize classes by employing active teaching strategies, suitable teaching tactics, and aiding students in developing academic self-confidence. Lectures, workshops, and seminars should be provided to students who are falling behind owing to poor cognitive style selection.Item Impact of Remittances and Gender on Expenditure Pattern: An Insight into Intra-Household Resource allocation of Rural Sector Households in Sri Lanka(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya., 2020) Dharmadasa, R. A. P. I. S.; Rathnayake,, K. K. H. M.; Samaraweera,, W. G. R. L.Using a nationally representative data set, this study examines the impact of migrant remittances on expenditure pattern and intra-household decision making process of rural households in Sri Lanka. The impact was estimated using fractional logit models within the Engel curve framework. Estimating the fractional logit models, we find evidence that there are strong differences in the impact on expenditure patterns of male and female household heads with the receipt of internal remittances whereas effect of international remittances on changing the expenditure pattern and the intra-household resource allocation is negligible. More specifically male household heads allocate less on education and more on ad hoc purchases, entertainment and transport expenditure, while female household heads allocate more on food expenditure with the receipt of internal remittances. Moreover, remitters’ contribution for the ad hoc purchases, entertainment and transport expenditure increases with their presence as a migrant to the household head. Overall, the study concludes that remittances are not directed towards the productive investments or human capital formation with the receipt of remittances in male headed or female headed households of rural sector of Sri Lanka.Item EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT AND TURNOVER INTENTION: THE MODERATING ROLE OF GENDER(Department of Human Resource Management, Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2025) Nirasha, R.S.K.S.; Karunarathne, R. A. I. C.This study aims to examine the impact of employee engagement on turnover intention exploring gender as a moderator. The purpose of this study is to understand how employee engagement affects turnover intention among executive-level employees in the apparel industry, with a particular focus on the moderating role of gender. The research is deductive research. This research was conducted using a survey research strategy and quantitative research method. Executive-level employees in a leading organization in the apparel industry were chosen as the population of the study. The sample size was 108 and data collection was done through a self-administered questionnaire. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 23.0 and moderation analysis Hayes PROCESS Macro SPSS were used as a tool for data analysis and both descriptive and inferential statistics, namely Correlation and regression were used to analyze data. The key findings of this study are that employee engagement has a negative impact on turnover intention and that gender moderates the relationship between employee engagement and turnover intention. The implications of the study suggest that companies in the apparel industry should tailor engagement strategies for different gender groups at the executive level to enhance retention and reduce turnover intention.Item FACTORS AFFECTING ON INTENTION TO MIGRATE OF EXECUTIVES IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY IN SRI LANKA: THE MODERATING ROLE OF GENDER(Department of Human Resource Management, Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2025) Gunarathna, I. S.; Janadari, M. P. N.The purpose of this research is to identify the factors affecting on intention to migrate of executive level employees in manufacturing industry, with a specific emphasis on the moderating influence of gender. The primary focus is on understanding how gender interacts with organizational factors to influence employees' migration intentions. Career growth opportunities, compensation & benefits and workload serve as pivotal organizational determinants that may affect an individual's decision to migrate. A comprehensive literature review forms the foundation of the research, integrating theories and empirical findings from organizational behavior, migration studies, and gender context. This research is deductive (theory–testing) research. This research was conducted using a survey research strategy and quantitative research method. Executive level employees in manufacturing industry in Colombo district were chosen as the population of the study. The sample size was 292, data collection was done through a self-administered questionnaire and Convenience sampling technique. A Google form was created and distributed to collect data. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS), version 23.0 was used as a tool for data analysis and both descriptive and inferential statistics, namely correlation and regression were used to analyze data. The findings aim to inform organizational leaders, policymakers, and researchers about the complex dynamics at play, helping them develop targeted strategies to retain skilled talent in the face of organizational challenges, while considering the broader gender context.Item Determinants of Academic Performance: A Study among the Undergraduates of Sri Lankan State Universities(5th HRM Student Research Symposium 2018, Department of Human Resource Management, Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Rupasinghe, P. D. D. H. K.; De Silva, G. H. B. A.The purpose of this study is to perform a scientific study on the causality of academic performance level in comparison with the emotional level of the undergraduates. Therefore, the general objective of this study is to assess the impact of emotional intelligence on level of academic performance among state university sector undergraduates in Sri Lanka. The researcher adopted a mixed method approach to scientifically collect data, analyze and come to a conclusion. The first half of the methodology was based on quantitative methodology and the findings of the statistical analysis was validated and confirmed using the qualitative data. The final sample consisted of 211 undergraduates selected at the convenience of the researches, from state universities in Sri Lanka. Data for the statistical analysis was collected through a structured questionnaire. Convenience sampling technique was applied to select the sample. The data was analyzed using Excel, SPSS and Atlas ti. The statistical analysis provided the correlation, chi square, and logistic regression that confirmed the direction of the relationship between the Emotional Intelligence and the Academic Performance. The results from Correlation Analysis, show that there is a weak positive relationship between emotional intelligence and level of academic performance. The gender of the undergraduates moderates the relationship between emotional intelligence and the level of academic performance. The qualitative data analysis reveals that there are seven factors other than Emotional Intelligence to determine on the level of academic performance. The found factors are commitment, language, work life balance, capacity, awareness, stress, medical reason, happiness and social media. The findings of the current study again confirm the general notion that the importance of emotional intelligence has been a must needed feature in learning partnersItem Moderating Role of Gender among Work Motivation, Strategies of Emotional Labor and Teaching Satisfaction of Professional College Teachers in India(9th International Conference on Business and Information (ICBI-2018), Department of Management Studies and Toc H Institute of Science and Technology, India, Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Nair, J.G.Emotional Labor (EL) is a significant area among researchers during last few years. Teachers play a very important role in attaining the objectives of any educational institution. The main objective of the research is to examine whether gender moderates the emotional labour process. The emotional labour process includes work motivation, strategies of emotional labour and teaching satisfaction. Primary data collected through questionnaires is analyzed using Structural equation modeling. The result indicated that gender does not moderate the relationship of emotional labour process. The study tried to stress the importance of strategies of emotional labour in teaching careers. These kind of researches will help the administrators to understand the complexities of emotional labour in teaching which in turn will usher in a change for translating these concepts into practiceItem MYTHS OF GENDER DIFFERENCES IN MANAGEMENT RESEARCH:ASSESSING ETHICAL SENSITIVITY OF MALE AND FEMALE MANAGERS IN THE INSURANCE INDUSTRY(Department of Marketing Management, University of Kelaniya,Sri Lanka., 2017) Obalola, M. A.It is widely acknowledged that the corporate world is heavily dominated by male executives. This dominance and continuous decline in ethical standards among business executives have led to the call for more women participation at the top echelons of corporations. The advocates of this call contend that more women participating at the top management level in the corporate world would more likely produce a work environment that is more ethical and moral than the current male dominated one. More so, management literature is replete with theoretical and empirical evidence which suggest that women executives demonstrate higher ethical standards than their male counterpart. Recent corporate scandals that heightened in the collapse of corporations such as Enron and WorldCom, whose executives were majorly males seems to resonate with these researches. However, like most issues in management, gender differences in ethical standard are trailed with a lot of controversies and empirical results have largely remained inconclusive. In essence, the question of whether business conduct will be more ethical and socially responsible in the wake of more women taking decisions at the top management level remains one that must continuously be assessed. The current research work is therefore geared towards assessing gender differences in ethical perception and usefulness of social responsibility as a strategic tool for business success. Data were collected through structured questionnaires from managers in the insurance industry and subjected to multivariate analysis. Results of the study were discussed and managerial implications were pointed out.Item Family Background, Entrepreneurship Specific Education, Gender and Venture Creation Knowledge: An Empirical Analysis of Sri Lankan Graduates(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Ranwala, R.S.This study is to prove that entrepreneurs can be shaped through education and their family background. Therefore the study focuses on identify the impact of family background and entrepreneurship specific education on venture creation knowledge while it is examining the mediation effect of entrepreneurship specific education on the relationship between family background and venture creation knowledge as well as the moderating effect of gender on the relationship between entrepreneurship specific education and venture creation knowledge. As study is based on the entrepreneurship graduates of University of Kelaniya, a population consisting of 78 graduates and all elements were considered as the subjects of the sample at the beginning but the final sample was shortlisted to 65 subjects. A Questionnaire developed by the researcher was used to collect data from the sample. In order validate the hypothesis and make inferences, regression analysis was used by the researcher. Further Regression analyses proved that relationship between Family Background & Venture creation knowledge is mediated by Entrepreneurship Specific education and gender moderates the relationship between Entrepreneurial Specific Education & Entrepreneurial Knowledge in Venture Creation. With the inferences of the study it can be understood that entrepreneurship can be stimulated through education and family background.Item Relationship between Social Media Engagement and Job Stress: Millennial Employees in Private Sector(Department of Human Resource Management, Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Kolonna, K.A.P.U.; De Alwis, A.C.This study was conducted to identify relationship between social media engagement and job stress of millennial employees in private sector. Further it aims to recognize the time spends on social media and how it affects relationship of job stress. Gender was evaluated to find moderate effect on above relationship. Furthermore millennial employees who are using social media in private sector were population of this study. Convenience sampling was used to select sample size of 68 employees and primary data were collected through self-developed questionnaire. Data of this study met the acceptable standards of reliability and validity. Correlation analysis was used to identify relationship of social media engagement and job stress (Hypothesis 1). Furthermore regressions analysis was used to evaluate the moderating effect of gender for the relationship of social media engagement and job stress (Hypothesis 2). Study confirmed that social media engagement significantly correlated with job stress. Also results revealed that there is no significant correlation between the gender and two variables as social media engagement and job stress. Furthermore gender was not worked as a moderator for relationship of two variables. Another finding of this study is time spend on social media significantly correlation with job stress of millennial employees. Private sector organizations can identify addicted people of social media and provide guidance for them. Furthermore organization can restrict social media within workplace. It can be concluded that in between social media engagement and job stress has significant relationship and gender was not moderator for relationship of social media engagement and job stress.