Commerce and Management
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Item Generation Gap in Store Selection Criteria of Gold Buyers: An Empirical Examination of Gold Buyers belonging to Liberalized and Non- Liberalized Era in India(9th International Conference on Business and Information (ICBI-2018), Department of Management Studies and Toc H Institute of Science and Technology, India, Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Pathy, G.S.; Ramanathan, H.N.Gold in India occupies a special space in the life of people. It possesses utilitarian, hedonic as well as symbolic qualities. This has ensured that India regularly accounts for almost 25% of the total gold imports in the world. The study is an attempt to identify the impact of cultural dynamics on gold store (Jewelry) selection behavior. The population was classified into pre and post-liberalization generation by dividing into those born before 1976 and after 1976. This was based on average marriage age for females. Though the legal age for marriage for females in India is 18, actual average marriage age for females in India is 20 to 22. The generation born in 1976 would turn 20 by 1996, meaning that the marriage of women belonging to this generation would have happened well after the fall outs of globalization would have started to impact the economy. In order to reduce the impact of external factors on the result samples were chosen from the same socio-economic background i.e. one sample belonging to each of the generations were selected from the same family. A snowballing sampling methodology was adopted. The data was collected using a structured questionnaire. The store selection variables considered under the study were broadly classified into internal and external. Internal includes statements as I buy gold from the same store, I have a list of stores that I trust I choose from among them based on the situation and I take a decision based on opinions of friends and family. The external factors considered were I take a decision based on the attractiveness of advertisements, I take a decision based on promotion and offers. The data was collected from a total of 105 families (210 respondents). The study brought out that cultural dynamics has an influence on store choice behavior. The study couldn’t find any difference between the different attributes contributing to store selection among the pre-liberalization generation. While among the post-liberalization generation though there are differences. The study concludes by stating that cultural dynamics have an impact on store choice behavior. It also opens up a research gap, as the influence of cultural dynamics on other processes of consumer behavior can be probed into as well.Item The Utilitarian Perception of Gold by Women - A Perception Mapping of Women in the Pre and Post Globalization Era.(8th International Conference on Business & Information ICBI – 2017, Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2017) Pathy, G. S.; Ramanathan, H. N.Gold has always been one among the most valued assets since time immemorial. There are very few studies in the field of management which has attempted to identify the reasons for gold purchase or gold buyer behavior. Studies from the field of anthropology have proved that among the most important reasons for the demand for gold jewelry in India is culture. Kerala is considered as the epicenter of Gold consumption in India. India saw major economic transformations during the 1990s when the then Govt. decided to open up the economy through the economic reforms. Globalization can have far-reaching impact on culture. This change in culture can have an impact on the perception towards gold among the younger generations, particularly those who have grown up after the reforms in India. In this context the purpose of the present study was to identify the difference in perception towards utilitarian factors of gold among two generations of customers, in Kerala using perceptual mapping technique. Multi-dimensional scaling was used to map the perception towards utilitarian values associated with gold ornaments. The perception of the population born after 1976 and before 1976 was plotted separately: this was done to identify the change in perception. The results of the mapping indicate that there are changes in the way both the generations perceive utilitarian values of gold. Younger generations are more materialistic in their approach, while the previous generation perceived it as a thing of value. The study throws open the possibility to investigate the difference in perception of customers based on the other dimensions of gold demand as hedonic and symbolic values.Item Impact of Human Resource Management Practices and Culture on Promoting Academic Entrepreneurship in Sri Lanka(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Perera, L.N.S.; Senarath, S.A.C.L.Academic entrepreneurship has been identified as the third mission for the universities, and recognized that there are opportunities for earning extra income through commercialization of university research and innovations. Many universities in the world adopt different academic entrepreneurship strategies and to promote them internal organizational environment has a major influence. Specially the human resources management practices and the entrepreneurial culture of the universities. Sri Lanka is a developing nation interesting in promoting academic entrepreneurship in public universities. In promoting academic entrepreneurship in these universities, authorities needs to identify how the internal environment will impact on it from Sri Lankan context. However, there is a lacuna of research which have been done to identify this relationship. This study intends to fill this gap by identifying the impact of present human resource management practices and university cultural on promoting academic entrepreneurship strategies adopted by the public universities in Sri Lanka. The study used deductive methodology and developed two declarative hypotheses on human resource management systems and organizational culture to identify its impact on entrepreneurial strategies adopted by universities in Sri Lankan. This quantitative study was conducted using four public universities in the western province, Sri Lanka. Primary data were used for the analysis and the primary data collected through structured questionnaires and interviews. Finally, outcomes of this research identified that human resource management systems and organizational culture contribute to promote academic entrepreneurship in Sri Lanka public universities.Item Cultural comparison in Asian countries: An Application of Greet Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions(Department of Commerce and Financial Management, Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Dissanayake, D.M.S.B.; Niroshan, W.W.A.E.; Nisansala, M.H.; Rangani, M.L.D.; Samarathunga, S.K.R.A.; Subasinghe, S.E.I.; Wickramaarachchi, D.N.; Nirasha, K.; Wickramasinghe, D.N.; Wickramasinghe, W.W.M.E.G.P.M.B.Countries differ from one country to another country by their identical characteristics which are coming under their own national culture. People behaviors are respectively linked to cultural values of the country and this association is based on the framework of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions. The study indicates the cultural differences of the countries among the world according to a four dimension which are Power distance, Uncertainty avoidance, Individualism vs. collectivism and Masculinity vs. femininity. Power distance means the extent to the nations which accept the power in organization or anywhere is distributed unequally without further justifications. The extent to which the members of a culture feel threatened by ambiguous or unknown situations and have created beliefs and institutions that try to avoid these is reflected by the Uncertainty avoidance. The third dimension is Individualism vs. collectivism which reflect the degree of interdependence a society maintains among its members, and the fourth dimension, Masculinity vs. femininity indicates that the society will be driven by competition, achievement and success, with success being defined by the winner / best in field – a value system that starts in school and continues throughout organizational behavior. The purpose of this study is comparing the national culture in Asian countries and identifies what factors affect to association with the Hofstede’s cultural dimension studies. In this study we identify the how above four dimensions index behave on Asia. The power index of almost all the countries in Asia take high value that means all the nations in Asia has been tend to accept the power coming from top without further justifications. Uncertainty avoidance index of the Asia is scored low amount excepting few countries indicating the lot of nations in Asia who not comfortable with an ambiguity situations. Masculinity vs. femininity index of the every Asian countries score a small amount excepting Japan, Iraq reflecting the nation who work in order to live rather than live in order to work. Individualism vs. Collectivism index shows small value in countries below 50 in almost every country in Asia reflecting nations who highly desire for collectivism than individually survive.Item Retaining Talent - An Investigation into High Employee Retention: A Case Study Based in Ceylon Biscuits Limited(Department of Human Resource Management, Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, 2015) De Sapukotana, J.D.S.; Welmilla, I.Reasons for employee retention remain same, even after dramatic changes that have shaken the job market. Because hiring an employee is only one matter, but keeping them is more crucial. Ceylon Biscuits Ltd maintains a high employee retention rate through the past decade which can be considered as a strategy rather than an outcome. The scope of this study is necessarily ambitious. It is an attempt to develop knowledge and conduct the research in a meaningful and practical way. The objective of this research is to identify the relationship between the selected factors and the high employee retention in Ceylon Biscuits Ltd, Sri Lanka. To achieve this objective, four hypotheses were developed and tested. Based on the Literature review, four influencing factors of employee retention (Job Satisfaction, Compensation and Rewards, Organizational Culture and Employee Engagement) were selected. The dependent variable of the study was employee retention. The research questions can be identified as the relationship between Employee Retention and Job satisfaction, the relationship between Employee Retention and Compensation, Rewards, the relationship between Employee Retention and Organizational culture, Employee Retention and Employee engagement. In order to gain the in depth knowledge required for the thesis, a case study methodology were utilized with Questionnaires within a specific discipline. The validity and reliability of the instruments were tested by using appropriate methods. The study is cross sectional and the primary data were collected by using random sampling method and sample size was 73 junior staff and executives who are working for 10 years or more in Ceylon Biscuits Ltd, Sri Lanka. To test the hypotheses, correlation analysis, simple regression analysis and multiple regression tests were performed. Finding of the study reveals that employee engagement is most influencing factor which caused employee retention which amounts to a Pearson Correlation of 0.82.Item Impact of Leadership on Team Work, Culture, and Emotions and Moods of Employees: A Case Study in a Government Bank in Sri Lanka(2015) Jayarathna, S.M.D.Y.Organizational behavior is the study of how people behave both individually and within informal and formal groups, and in organizations. Every organization’s performance is ultimately dependent on the motivational level of its human resources and the willingness and ability of people to work harmoniously and effectively towards the accomplishment of shared goals. Identifying the organizational behavior concepts is more important to make resolutions for the issues that emerge within organizations. Banking industry is an industry where problems are intense and the management should understand the human behavior in order to manage them to excel in the competitive market. Culture, emotions and moods, and teams are much more important concepts in Organizational Behavior and the banks and the leaders therein must have knowledge on these concepts in order to achieve the goals and objectives effectively. This articleis developed by identifying an issue which occurred in a government bank in Sri Lanka and the case has been analyzed through culture, emotions and moods, and teams which are important perspectives of Organization Behavior.Item Towards a theory of cultural influence on the development of accounting systems internationally(Department of Accountancy, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Priyankara, C.Cultural Influences on Accounting and Its Practices Accounting is far more than methodologies, numbers and financial statements. It holds to basic rules and standards to preserve the profession’s purpose, but is also shaped by a variety of internal and external forces. The accounting practice actually signifies and represents the culture in which it is performed. So every nation should use effective, independent and high quality accounting and auditing standards, practice high quality auditing standards, establish audit firms with effective quality controls worldwide, launch profession-wide quality assurance and active regulatory oversight. Therefore above factors can consider as the research solutions. Accounting provides useful information to decision makers, thus as the business environment has changed it influence for culture because of culture is a subsection of the business environment. As a result of these changes it may effect for organization’s accounting standards. Alternatives of the cultural influence could produce or destroy information related to the international accounting standards. Although there are significant benefits to implementing international accounting standards and it is increasing in importance there are still many challenges to further development and confident implementation. To best understand these challenges one must look at the factors that influence the development of accounting regulations. Such factors can include social and cultural values, political and legal systems, business activities and economic conditions, standard setting processes, capital markets and forms of ownership and finally cooperative efforts by nations. These factors if properly understood can moderate or even eliminate the challenges to international accounting standards. International accounting standards are important today and will most certainly become more important for the future as they are further developed. Thus International Accounting Standards are central to this concept.