Commerce and Management
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Item The Role of Women Entrepreneurs in Establishing a Sustainable Development in Sri Lanka(Department of Human Resource Management, Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2013) Ambepitiya, K. R.Woman has become a significant role in the economic development of any country. They contribute and support the economy extensively in different ways of being employed in different sectors. There are many women running successful businesses and some of them are very successful with entrepreneurial skills. It is a known fact that now many successful and world’s enormous enterprises are owned and run by women. Many of them are actual or potential owners of trademarks, service marks, trade name as well as of industrial designs, patents and copyright. In developing countries some women are running small enterprises and many cooperatives that are proving so successful. Women entrepreneurs in both developed and developing countries are, socially powerful in education and making a positive impact to the society. It is important to study how women in business and their skills can be utilized in order to achieve a sustainable economy for Sri Lanka. The objectives of this study have scattered in the study of women entrepreneurs to a sustainable economy, social system, and ecology. A descriptive research methodology is used for this study and administered to a selected sample from a specific population included with women in businesses and executives who are from private and public sector offices. The study consists of six month duration which uses a questionnaire as the survey instrument. Using the survey, it has resulted significantly the women entrepreneurs can be positioned to play an important role in promoting sustainable practices in economics, social system and ecology, to result a sustainable development. The researcher concludes the study by observing the positive effect on the economy and the development, the Women entrepreneurship is a key to the developing world to promote sustainable practices in business.Item Exploring the Barriers in Developing Social Innovation and Sustainopreneurship in Sri Lanka(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya., 2021) Perera, J.; Abeysekera, R.The interconnection between innovation, entrepreneurship, and sustainable development is a subject of immense concern these days, as society considers answers leading to sustainable development. Further, Social Innovations play a significant role in the development of Sustainopreneurship in the context of sustainable development. Given this context; this study investigates the barriers in developing the Social Innovation and Sustainopreneurship barriers in Sri Lanka. The study used the multiple case study method, and data were collected via in-depth interviews with fifteen Sustainopreneurs in Sri Lanka. The study's findings reveal several barriers in developing Social Innovations and Sustainopreneurship as; a) competition arises from non-sustainable businesses, b) lack of government support, c) high prices, and d) people’s attitude towards Social Innovations and Sustainopreneurship. Due to the dearth of research conducted on this area, this study contributes to the Social Innovations and Sustainopreneurship literature. The recommendations provide useful information for future strategic developments to practitioners and policymakers.Item Perception of Situations and Opportunity Recognition: Development of a Conceptual Model.(8th International Conference on Business & Information ICBI – 2017, Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2017) Nimeshi, G. K. S.; Mallika, M. C. K. H.; Ranasinghe, R. S. L. B.; Sarathchandra, K. S. H.; Dissanayake, D. M. N. S. W.The multidimensional view of opportunity recognition is addressed differently by number of scholars. However theoretical bases in this regard are still fragmented. We addressed the suggestion of Shepherd, (2015) and develop a conceptual framework on perception of situation as opportunity. Perception of situation as opportunity, prior knowledge, prior experience and processing style have been identified as main constructs of the study. Pertaining propositions were established and finally the conceptual model was developed to depict the perception of situation as opportunity. Also, the application of these constructs in a different context has significant implications. Finally, we confirmed that, more scholarly investigations are required in this regard to validate the applicability of the model.Item E-MARKETING MODEL FOR SUCCESSFUL ENTREPRENEURS(Department of Marketing Management, University of Kelaniya,Sri Lanka., 2017) Ahmad, H.S.; Taha, S.M.; Zafar, F.This paper illustrates a new electronic model for successful entrepreneurs. The authors have analyzed classical models namely 5ls Model, 10 C’s of Marketing, 3-Race Planning, 4 C’s marketing model & McKinsey’s consumer decision journey, and have found certain inadequacy to fulfill the need of digital era in view of which the proposed model includes certain Tools, a Tranquil design, Contingency , Commitment level and feedback. This eventually helps in optimum utilization of electronic marketing tools. The proposed model is equally beneficial for Small scale and large scale businesses in order to gain visible growth and development which ultimately affect the economy of the state or country. The new design is comprehensive and brief; it fulfills the requirement of all types of trades which is comprehended in the paper.Item Antecedents of Export Performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) In Sri Lanka: The Role of Entrepreneur Behavior and Experience and the Moderation Role of Industry Context(Department of Commerce and Financial Management, University of Kelaniya, 2017) Mudalige, D.M.A number of scholarly researchers have explored the benefits of engaging in international activities in increasing sustainability of SME sector. However, SMEs offer a poor contribution to export income of Sri Lanka compared to other countries. Although research has shown that the entrepreneur characteristics are associated with enhanced export success, past research has failed to identify the entrepreneur characteristics that are most influential in SME export success in Sri Lankan context. Much of the research in Sri Lanka has focused on external or institutional factors and barriers for exports with little attention to entrepreneur behaviour. Few studies have focused on studying internal barriers and export success. This study aimed to fill this research gap by testing the relationship between entrepreneur characteristics and export performance from a capabilities perspective. This study argues that entrepreneurial orientation, social capital and human capital are important capabilities of the entrepreneur which lead to successful export performance. These capabilities are known to play a synergic and complementary role which allows the entrepreneur to develop a dynamic stance that is essential in the international market. This research followed quantitative research methodology using non-disguised questionnaire. A randomly selected sample of 197 export SMEs in Sri Lanka was analyzed. The results were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structured Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) method. This study established that entrepreneur capabilities namely entrepreneurial orientation, social capital and human capital have a significant positive influence on the export performance of SMEs. Further, using Multi-Group Analysis (MGA), it was found, that industry context which the SME operates has a moderation effect on the relationship. The outcome of this research will enhance our understanding of success factors of SME export performance.Item The Role of Women Entrepreneurs in Establishing a Sustainable Development in Sri Lanka(Department of Human Resource Management, Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2013) Ambepitiya, K.R.Woman has become a significant role in the economic development of any country. They contribute and support the economy extensively in different ways of being employed in different sectors. There are many women running successful businesses and some of them are very successful with entrepreneurial skills. It is a known fact that now many successful and world’s enormous enterprises are owned and run by women. Many of them are actual or potential owners of trademarks, service marks, trade name as well as of industrial designs, patents and copyright. In developing countries some women are running small enterprises and many cooperatives that are proving so successful. Women entrepreneurs in both developed and developing countries are, socially powerful in education and making a positive impact to the society. It is important to study how women in business and their skills can be utilized in order to achieve a sustainable economy for Sri Lanka. The objectives of this study have scattered in the study of women entrepreneurs to a sustainable economy, social system, and ecology. A descriptive research methodology is used for this study and administered to a selected sample from a specific population included with women in businesses and executives who are from private and public sector offices. The study consists of six month duration which uses a questionnaire as the survey instrument. Using the survey, it has resulted significantly the women entrepreneurs can be positioned to play an important role in promoting sustainable practices in economics, social system and ecology, to result a sustainable development. The researcher concludes the study by observing the positive effect on the economy and the development, the Women entrepreneurship is a key to the developing world to promote sustainable practices in business.Item Impact of Entrepreneurial Networks on the Business Success of Small Enterprises(Department of Marketing Management, Faculty of Commerce & Management Studies,University of Kelaniya, 2015) Perera, G.N.R.Acquiring resources is a key problem for small business firms in Sri Lanka. Initially to be a viable they should have sufficient capital or be able to acquire the resources from outside environment. The main objective of this research is to find out the relationship between entrepreneurial networks and the success of small businesses. To carry out this research, network construct has been operationalized as network size, network trustworthiness, network support and network diversity, under these four constructs there are thirteen indicators to check entrepreneurial networks. This research has been conducted as a qualitative study. Nine entrepreneurs have been selected for the study and five entrepreneurs out of them are successful and other four entrepreneurs are bankrupted. Both of these entrepreneurs were interviewed by using In-Depth interview method. All the interviews were conducted in Sinhala and then translated into English. Data was analyzed by using content analysis and coding methods. Empirical results indicate that entrepreneurial networks have very clear impact on success of the small business. As well the importance of family and the acquaintances were prominent in findings. Majority of unsuccessful businesses were confirmed that their businesses were badly affected by the lack of organizational networks. Further this proved the importance of weak ties in order to get business information and develop the businesses. These research findings will be very important for the Sri Lankan small business enterprises as it reveals real experiences of successful small business entrepreneurs and the unsuccessful small business entrepreneurs.Item The Impact of Entrepreneurship Education on Small Businesses’ Performance(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Nimeshi, G.K.S.; Edirisinghe, S.D.For each country entrepreneurial venture segment is considered as a major important factor of productivity, employment and economic growth. A developing country like Sri Lanka requires entrepreneurs to stimulate the economy. However, given the Sri Lankan context, most of Sri Lankan entrepreneurs’ failure is due to lack of entrepreneurship education. While the number of entrepreneurship education programs is growing, their impact is under researched and studies paint an unclear picture of the impact of entrepreneurship education. Therefore this research study aims to contribute to the understanding of the impact of entrepreneurship education on the firm’s performance. According to the literature, firm performance can be measured by using financial and non-financial factors. In this study, three measures were identified under the financial factors according to past literature. Namely profit growth, sales growth, and return on investment. Additionally non-financial performance is measured by using factors such as, customer satisfaction, employee satisfaction, and owner satisfaction. The study also tests how this relationship varies with moderator variable, namely, gender. The study will be conducted in Sri Lankan context in Gampaha district. Proportionate random sampling technique will be used to select the sample of 150 small firms. A self-administered questionnaire will be used in this study as the research instrument. Both descriptive and inferential analytical tools will be used to analyze the data. The study will provide insight into the Sri Lankan context and it will contribute to understanding the importance of entrepreneurship education to owners of small firms.Item Towards a Coherent Picture on Entrepreneurial Venture Growth: A Working Study(Department of Commerce and Financial Management, Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Iqbal, H.S.; Kandanarachi, L.D.; Maddumage, M.T.A.; Perera, L.N.S.; Piyathilaka, V.A.R.; Siriwardana, H.N.; Somasiri, J.N.; Wathsala, G.V.S.; Rajapaksha, R.P.E.K.Our research is demonstrated in the form of a working paper to empirically examine the interaction between the two extensions of inside and outside factors affecting entrepreneurship and growth. Leadership, cognition and motivational factors recognized as our main constructs and dimensions were identified for each one of them. Entrepreneurial venture growth is a multidimensional concept. Based on the independent variables identified we have developed a conceptual framework indicating the related dimensions on each of the concepts. Research data has been constructed with a targeted population of 200 and among them we have chosen 15 entrepreneurs to carry out our pilot study. The results of our findings could encourage the future researchers on the nexus of opportunity recognition and entrepreneurial behavior in established firms embedded in organizational routines. Based on our research outcomes we affirmed that reliability assessment is accurate and for the researchers who are interested to expand or study area, they could use this as a secondary source for their future endeavors. We also intend to continue this research in the further and develop and extend the scope based on the growth of entrepreneurship.Item Does the Mode of Opportunity Identification Influence the Innovativeness of Small Businesses? A Study in Sri Lanka(University of Kelaniya, 2015) Upananda, W.A.; Kumara, U.E.S.There is a growing concern about the heterogeneity of the nature of small businesses in a given context. The difference between opportunity discovery and creation (mode of opportunity identification) may explain this heterogeneity. Then the wealth creating ability also may vary with the mode of opportunity identification although entrepreneurship literature is silent in this regard. Then the purpose of this study is to explore the wealth creating potential (innovativeness) of small businesses with regard to the mode of opportunity identification. Entrepreneurship literature informs that opportunity discovery under risk is different from opportunity creation under uncertainty although these terms has been used interchangeably. Few studies show that context may have influence over the opportunity identification. Few studies show that entrepreneurs who create opportunities are ordinary and attempt to avoid uncertainty while those who discover opportunities are unique in ability of discovering opportunities and bear some risk. However studies which explore the relationship between the wealth creating potential and mode of opportunity identification are rare. Exploring gaps in research knowledge base on the nature of businesses emerged under opportunity discovery and opportunity creation with regard to research question ‘How the mode of opportunity identification influences the innovativeness of small businesses’. In consistent with entrepreneurship literature, the nature of business viewed in this study as wealth creating potential. This study builds on theories and assumptions pertinent to opportunity discovery and creation and employs case study method to explore the behaviour of small business owners in rural and urban settings. The rationale of selecting rural setting is that rural entrepreneur has no prior business experience to understand the probability of outcomes while urban entrepreneurs have prior business experience to understand the probability of outcomes to take calculated risk. This study has selected six cases after screening 178 cases in the rural setting and 111 cases in the urban settings in the North Western Province of Sri Lanka in 2010. Analysing within cases and cross cases employing pattern matching technique, this study shows that businesses created in the rural context are comparatively non-innovative than those small businesses discovered under opportunity risk.