Commerce and Management
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Item Stock Market - Economic Growth Nexuses: Evidence from Asian Stock Markets(Department of Finance, University of Kelaniya., 2023) Wickramasinghe, N. T.; Deyshappriya, N. P. R.; Gunarathne, Y. M. C.Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between stock market development and economic growth in Asian countries focusing on causality direction. Methodology: The study based top 10 stock exchanges in the Asian region and the secondary data mainly collected from World Development Indicators of the World Bank over the period of 1990-2020. Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) Dynamic Panel analysis along with panel unit root and cointegration tests were employed to accomplish the objectives of the study. Findings: The cointegration test emphasizes the existence of long-term relationship between stock market development and economic growth while the GMM dynamic panel analysis confirms the positive relationship between stock market development and economic growth of top 10 stock exchanges in the Asian Region. Moreover, reverse causality which runs from economic growth to stock market development has also been confirmed by the GMM dynamic panel analysis. Consequently, bi-directional causality between stock market development and economic growth exists in the top 10 Asian stock exchanges confirming both Finance-Led Growth Hypothesis and Growth-Led Finance Hypothesis. Hence, stock market and growth-oriented policies are recommended to be implemented to optimize the mutual benefits. Originality: One of the key significances of the study is that the study has constructed a composite index to measure stock market development rather than rely on conventional measures.Item The Impact of Financial Inclusion on Economic Growth: Evidence From India(Department of Finance, Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2025) Wijerathna, G. H. S.; Piyananda, S. D. P.Introduction: This paper discusses how financial inclusion has affected India's economic growth, considering its multi-dimensional aspects: Banking access, Banking Penetration, Use of banking Services, and financial stability. While there have been significant improvements, structural problems like low financial literacy, limited digital infrastructure, and regional imbalances impede broader financial inclusiveness. The objectives are to assess the role played by financial inclusion in fostering Economic development and identify ways the existing challenges can be overcome. Methodology: A quantitative approach was adopted, using time-series data from 2000 to 2023. Key variables of interest, including GDP growth, Access to banking Services, Banking Penetration, Use of banking Services, and financial stability indicators (Bank Z-Score, Non-performing loans) were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Correlation analysis, Regression analysis, and classical assumption testing. The results affirm that financial inclusion significantly influences economic growth by facilitating access to financial services and promoting equitable participation in economic activities in India. However, challenges such as high non-performing loans and inflation persist, underscoring the need for targeted policies. Findings: According to the results, FI has a statistically significant positive impact on economic growth. It has been observed that access and use of banking services are crucial drivers in ensuring equality in economic participation. There is still significant NPL and inflation, which pose an upward risk and necessitate very targeted intervention. It calls for more substantial digital financial inclusion, supported by higher levels of financial literacy, in terms of their reach and significance. Conclusion: It sums up that financial inclusion will play a very important factor in sustaining economic growth in India. It suggests increasing financial literacy among people, the use of digital banking facilities, the increase of Digital Financial infrastructures, and sound regulatory mechanisms for access to financial services by all. Due consideration of regional and demographic disabilities by policymakers and financial institutions is required for interventions appropriate to the context to elicit maximum benefits from financial inclusions.Item Analysing the Factors Affecting to Women’s Engagement in Sri Lankan Labor Force(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies University of Kelaniya., 2024-11-01) Nanayakkara, N. W. H. G. K. K.; Hewaarachchi, A. P.; Kavinga, H. W. B.; Wijebandara, W. A. C.Women's engagement in the workforce is a key factor in driving economic growth in Sri Lanka. Despite the country's advancements in recent years, women still face significant challenges that prevent them from fully participating in the workforce. The objective of this study is to explores the potential labor force of women in Sri Lanka and the factors affecting their participation, using data from the Labor Force Survey 2021. Analyzing data from 41,171 women out of 77,869 individuals using a binary logistic regression model, the study considered factors such as marital status, education level, age group, relationship to the head of the household, district, sector, ethnic group, religion, Sinhala literacy, and English literacy. The results showed that all the variables except for Religion, are statistically significant. Married and widowed women are less likely to participate in the labor force compared to never-married women, while separated and divorced women are more likely to participate. Women in districts like Nuwara Eliya, Kilinochchi, Kurunegala, Anuradhapura, Badulla, and Rathnapura have higher labor force participation rates. There is a notable gender gap in labor force participation, with males participating more actively than females; over half of the working-age female population remains economically inactive. Females constitute most of the unemployed demographic. Despite being more prevalent in urban and rural areas, labor force participation rates are higher in the estate sector. Most women abstain from job searches due to household responsibilities and education levels. Nearly half of discouraged women are concentrated in younger age groups, with 26% aged 25-34 and 21% aged 35-54. The study underscores the necessity of policy interventions to address barriers to women's labor market participation, especially in household duties and education, to enhance Sri Lanka's female workforce potential and contribute to its economic and social development.