Commerce and Management
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Item The Effect of Fraud Risk Management Practices on the Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Sri Lanka(Department of Accountancy, Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya Sri Lanka, 2023) Wijethilaka, B.D.N.; Gunasekara, U.L.T.P.This study examines the effect of fraud risk management practices on the financial performance of commercial banks in Sri Lanka. The sample consists of 24 licensed commercial banks in Sri Lanka. Primary was used for the study and multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify the effect of fraud risk management practices on the financial performance of commercial banks in Sri Lanka. Primary data was collected using structured questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. Regression analysis was used to quantify the effect of the dependent variable and the independent variables. Financial performance of commercial banks became the dependent variable and fraud risk management practices as the independent variables. Fraud risk management practices measured by preventive, detective and Responsive. And also financial performance of commercial banks as measured by ROA. This study targeted Internal Audit officers and bank officers in the internal audit department of the Commercial Banks in Sri Lanka. The study is based on a sample of 110 Internal Audit officers and bank officers in the internal audit department. Out of the sample size 102 questionnaires were duly filled. The study concluded that there is a positive effect of fraud risk management practices on the financial performance of commercial banks in Sri Lanka. This implies that the concerted efforts in fraud prevention, detection, and response contribute to enhanced financial outcomes for these institutions. The findings underscore the importance of a holistic and proactive approach to fraud risk management in the banking sector. The identified practices not only serve to mitigate the impact of fraud but also positively influence the overall financial health of commercial banks.Item Study of Customer Satisfaction on E-Service Quality of Online Banking Facilities of Commercial Banks in Sri Lanka(Department of Accountancy, Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya Sri Lanka, 2023) Udayanga, S.L.A.I.; Gunasekara, U.L.T.P.In the context of technology-driven banking, where online services are essential, this study specifically examines consumer satisfaction with the e-service quality of online banking offered by commercial banks in Sri Lanka. The study intends to fill the gap in the literature by concentrating on electronic service quality dimensions and their relationship to customer satisfaction in the Sri Lankan context. Previous research has mostly used service quality measures; however, this study is the first to focus on e-service quality dimensions, which is a noteworthy area that has not received much attention. The study employed a quantitative methodology, gathering 153 responses from online banking customers via a well-crafted, structured questionnaire. Using the well-known SERVQUAL model, the analysis which was made easier by SPSS software focused on important factors including efficiency, responsiveness, reliability, ease of use, and security. The study's conclusions provide bankers with insightful information that can be used to pinpoint problem areas and improve the entire online banking experience. This study is important for all parties involved in the banking industry because it recognizes the critical role that consumer feedback has played in forming and improving online banking services in Sri Lanka. Remarkable is the finding that, except responsiveness, all aspects of service quality in the Sri Lankan setting show a significant relationship with customer satisfaction. This points to a particular area on which banks should concentrate their efforts to raise customer satisfaction levels and improve services. As a result, this study provides a thorough manual for ongoing development in Sri Lanka's online banking environment and offers useful advice for the industry's ongoing progress.Item Enhancing Audit Efficiency and Accuracy through Artificial Intelligence(Department of Accountancy, Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya Sri Lanka, 2023) Thakshila, M.A.T.; Gunasekara, U.L.T.P.This research investigates the current state of adaptation of artificial intelligence (AI) adoption within the auditing sector, shedding light on the perspectives and practices of auditors across various roles and experience levels. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data gathered through a structured questionnaire with qualitative insights derived from thematic analysis. The participant profile unveils a diverse representation of the auditing profession, encompassing roles from audit firm partners to supervisors and spanning experience levels from less than 5 years to more than 15 years. The distribution among small, medium, and large audit firms ensures a comprehensive exploration of AI adoption trends. Most participants find themselves in the initial stages of AI adoption, with a notable inclination toward tools like Chat GPT and Chat GPT Excel, signifying a sector in transition. Efficiency improvement emerges as the driving force behind AI adoption, aligning with the practical needs of audit firms seeking to enhance productivity. However, challenges such as integration issues, data privacy concerns, and skill gaps highlight the complexities associated with incorporating AI seamlessly into audit workflows. Qualitative findings further enrich the analysis, uncovering themes related to perceived efficiency gains and the varied impact of AI technologies on accuracy. Participants consistently emphasize the transformative effect of AI adoption on the efficiency of audit processes, indicating a positive shift in the pace and effectiveness of procedures. The exploration of accuracy reveals a spectrum of opinions, emphasizing the importance of a nuanced understanding of the contextual conditions influencing the relationship between AI adoption and audit outcomes. The implications of these findings extend to both practice and policy, offering valuable insights for auditors, audit firms, and policymakers involved in shaping responsible AI use in auditing. Recommendations guide auditors in strategic AI adoption and skill development, while educators are encouraged to incorporate AI-related skills into curricula. Acknowledging limitations, the research suggests avenues for future studies, including longitudinal analyses and cross-industry comparative studies, contributing to the ongoing discourse on AI's role in reshaping auditing practices.Item Factors Affecting Financial Literacy of University Undergraduates & Its Impact on Investment Behavior(Department of Accountancy, Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya Sri Lanka, 2023) Silva, S.C.D.; Gunasekara, U.L.T.P.Due to the lack of financial knowledge, investors are not able to furnish and utilize their invested funds in the investment. Financial literacy is an important thing since all people have to make decisions that are related to financial matters like day-to-day economic activities and investment activities. The main purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the financial literacy of university undergraduates and its impact on their investment behavior. In addition to that researchers evaluate the level of financial literacy of the undergraduate as well. Gender, Level of Study, Field of Study, and Parents' monthly income were evaluated against the dependent variable. A sample of 148 undergraduates who participated in government universities was used for the research. Primary data were collected using a questionnaire, which consisted of 21 questions and was used to get data on both independent and dependent variables. The data were analyzed from a Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) Software. The data analysis included validity analysis, descriptive analysis, t-test, and ANOVA. The findings show that there is a significant relationship between gender and financial literacy of undergraduates and their investment behavior. Further, this study shows that male undergraduates have invested in risky investments more than female undergraduates. We identified that overall undergraduates have a high level of financial literacy. However, there is no relationship between the income level of parents, Level of study, and field of study on the financial literacy of university undergraduates. University undergraduates exhibit a nuanced investment behavior, displaying a blend of caution and exploration. With a predominant focus on secure savings and short-term goals, coupled with a curiosity for higher-risk investments driven by personal interests, these students showcase a diverse approach that emphasizes stability alongside calculated ventures into potential growth opportunities.Item An Empirical Analysis of Factors Affecting on Perceived Career Choice of Accounting Undergraduates in Sri Lankan State Universities(Department of Accountancy, Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya Sri Lanka, 2023) Nimsara, P.S.S.; Gunasekara, U.L.T.P.This research study mainly focuses on the factors affecting the perceived future career choice of accountancy undergraduates in Sri Lankan state Universities. Pursuing a career is one of the most difficult obstacles that university students face after graduating from their studies. To achieve these goals, students must analyze a variety of criteria and consider decision-making actions in the face of pressure from unique parties. The main objective of this study was to identify the factors affecting the perceived future career choice of accountancy undergraduates of Sri Lankan universities. In a way, the present study is initiated on factors affecting on perceived future choice of accountancy undergraduates in Sri Lankan state universities with a sample of 405 respondents who are following the accountancy degree in the state universities. There are 15 state universities in Sri Lanka. The researcher has issued structure-based questionnaires to collect the data from respondents. Eight components have been used to measure the affecting factors. Recommendation of the teachers, recommendation of the friends, parental pressure, high earning potential, reputation of the company, previous work experience, high status of jobs, and years of formal education required. The study's conclusion findings demonstrate that high earning potential, corporate reputation, and job status were major factors influencing perceived future career choice. Further investigation indicated that the influence of teacher, friend, Parent pressure, previous work experience, and years of formal education required differed greatly. It was mentioned that people in professions and personalities who are role models of their careers as per the overall objectives of the students have a significant impact on the student's career decisions.Item Unconscious Gender bias Among Seafarers: A Review of the Theoretical Literature(Pomorstvo, 2024) Karunatilleke, A.W.; Herath, H.M.R.P.; Gunasekara, U.L.T.P.This systematic literature review explores the concept of unconscious gender bias within the maritime industry, focusing specifically on seafarers. Unconscious bias refers to implicit stereotypes and attitudes that influence decision-making processes without conscious awareness. In the context of seafaring, where diverse crews operate in confined spaces for extended periods, understanding and addressing unconscious bias becomes crucial for fostering inclusive and harmonious shipboard environments and mitigating gender bias. The review begins by examining theoretical frameworks related to unconscious bias, drawing from psychological, organizational behavior, and maritime literature. Various models, such as the Implicit Association Test (IAT) and social cognitive theories, are explored to provide a foundation for understanding how biases develop and manifest among seafaring populations. The maritime industry’s unique characteristics, including hierarchical structures, cultural diversity, and isolation during voyages, are analyzed to identify specific factors that may contribute to the emergence of unconscious biases. Additionally, the review delves into studies addressing the impact of biases on decision-making, communication, and overall team dynamics within the maritime context. Furthermore, the review explores interventions and best practices proposed in the literature to mitigate unconscious bias among seafarers. Training programs, diversity initiatives, and cultural awareness campaigns are examined for their effectiveness in promoting a more inclusive and equitable maritime workplace. Based on this review, we conceptualize unconscious gender bias as a socio-technical problem and propose a theoretical framework that offers a combination of technological, organizational, and societal approaches as well as three main propositions to possibly mitigate the biased effects. Lastly, this paper considers future research on the management of unconscious gender bias in the organizational context.Item The Effects of Occupational Stress on the Job Performance of Police Officers in Sri Lanka(Srusti Management Review, 2023) Ratnayake, S.B.D.C.; Gunasekara, U.L.T.P.Stress is common and general among the people in the world. It is experienced by every person physically and mentally in their day-to-day life. Hence, Policing is widely considered to be one of the most stressful occupations, wherein organizational and operational stressors put law enforcement officer’s physical and mental health at risk. Occupational stress badly affects performance, and many studies revealed that the level of stress experienced differs with the type of job. Accordingly, this research paper demonstrates how Police Officers experienced occupational stress and its impact on their performance. This study is a mixed method study using quantitative data gathered from a questionnaire and qualitative data from five in-depth interviews. A sample of 110 police officers from other ranks was taken from the central province of Sri Lanka. Findings showed that lack of resources mainly influenced police performance. In contrast with previous empirical work, the findings demonstrate that operational issues and less career growth have an adverse influence on police performance. This study has drawn the linkage between organizational stressors, operational stressors and police performance of other rank officers in the Sri Lanka context. This research was based on the data of central province officers only is a limitation. Also, the findings are limited to the other ranking officers and therefore future research directions could be focused to the inspectorate officers, senior gazetted officers.Item The Impact of E-Banking Practices on Customer Satisfaction in Public Sector Banks in Sri Lanka(Department of Accountancy, Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya Sri Lanka, 2023) Jayarathna, H.A.S.U.; Gunasekara, U.L.T.P.An extensive literature review was conducted to understand the existing knowledge, theories and practices regarding e-banking practices, customer satisfaction and public sector banking industry in Sri Lanka. This was the basis for developing the research framework and helped identify gaps in the existing literature. The research methodology is quantitative methods. Structured surveys were used to gather primary data from a subset of customers of Sri Lanka's public sector banks. Primary data were collected through structured surveys distributed to a specific sample of customers from public sector banks in Sri Lanka. The purpose of this survey is to measure customer satisfaction levels, assess usage of e-banking services, identify challenges faced by customers and understand their perception of e-banking practices. Quantitative data analysis techniques such as regression analysis, correlation analysis, and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the survey responses and draw meaningful conclusions regarding the impact of e-banking practices on customer satisfaction. Research findings revealed that while there is significant inclination towards e-banking services among customers, challenges such as limited awareness, security concerns and usability issues have hindered the full uptake and satisfaction of these services. The study on e-banking practices such as online banking, ATM and CDM services, Mobile banking and digital wallets and payment applications showed significant interest among customers in public sector banks in Sri Lanka. By improving awareness, simplifying interfaces and security measures, e-banking practices can be improved, fostering greater customer satisfaction.Item The Influence of Demographic Variables on Customer Adoption for Mobile Banking Services – A Study Based on the Western Province in Sri Lanka(Department of Accountancy, Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya Sri Lanka, 2023) Ganethanne, G.G.S.S.; Gunasekara, U.L.T.P.This paper seeks to identify how demographic variables such as gender, age, education level, and income level influence an increase in the use of mobile banking services. This study aims to fill this gap by investigating how demographic characteristics influence the use of mobile banking services from the perspective of existing users, with a particular focus on the Western Province of Sri Lanka. The main goal is to shed light on the impact of demographic factors on mobile banking service usage patterns in the specific environment of the Western Province and provide important insights into an under-represented region of developing countries. The research hypothesized that there is a relationship between the adoption of mobile banking services and gender, age group, education level, and income level. Through literature review analysis, some factors have been identified as dependent variables and independent variables. To achieve the objectives of the study, a sample of 223 Western Province mobile banking customers by using the convenience sampling method. The data required for the study was collected from a questionnaire. This research uses primary data therefore to analyze collected data using SPSS software. SPSS software is statistical software that can be used to analyze data, data documentation, and data management. Data is collected through the questionnaire. And analyzed data represented by charts, diagrams, and tables. Because this study is studying a particular area. The study shows that except for gender, remaining demographic variables such as age, income level, or education level do not significantly affect users' mobile banking usage.Item The Role of Whistleblowers in Detecting and Preventing Employee Fraud in Licensed Commercial Banks in Sri Lanka: A Qualitative Study(Department of Accountancy, Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya Sri Lanka, 2023) Fahra, M.F.F.; Gunasekara, U.L.T.P.Whistleblowers are an important party in uncovering frauds. This study was conducted to identify the role of whistleblowers in preventing and detecting employee fraud within the licensed commercial banks in SL. Further the research evolved around the main areas of perceived effectiveness of whistleblowing, motivational factors and the challenges faced by the whistleblowers in blowing the whistle. The research used a deductive thematic analysis to cod ethe data collected through the in-depth interviews. With an in-depth interview of 21 executives from 7 licensed commercial bank, three executives from each bank, it was evident that although the perceived effectiveness of whistleblowing is high, there are rooms for improvement in whistleblowing policies, reporting mechanisms, reward, support, and recognition given to the whistleblowers. Further the interviews uncovered that employee awareness on whistleblowing needs to be improved. In conclusion, this research acts as a mirror, reflecting the current state of whistleblowing in Sri Lankan banks. It also serves as a compass, pointing towards ways to strengthen and fortify the system for the future. The key lessons learned stress the shared responsibility of organizations, regulators, and society at large to create an environment where whistleblowers are not just recognized but celebrated for their role in the ongoing fight against fraud. In simpler terms, it's a call to make whistleblowing not just an act of bravery but a celebrated and supported part of ensuring the integrity of our banking systems.