ICAM-2021

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    Medical Students' Experiences of Part-Time Hospital Work: A Qualitative Study
    (Department of Marketing Management, Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2021) Nouri, Ali; Pourghane, Parand; Mansouri, Fatemeh; Salimi, Salar
    Medical students' part-time hospital work improves their clinical skills, improves their understanding of work-related problems, provides them with income, and modifies their attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors about part-time hospital work. This qualitative study explored medical sciences students' experiences of part-time hospital work. Participants were 24 students in the fields of nursing (ten students), operating room (four students), laboratory sciences (four students), radiology (three students), and practical anesthesiology (three students). They were recruited purposively and with maximum variation respecting their demographic characteristics from Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. Data were collected through semi-structured face-to-face interviews and were concurrently analyzed through conventional content analysis. Trustworthiness was established using the four criteria introduced by Lincoln and Guba. Participants' experiences of part-time work in hospital fell into three main categories, namely perceived personal benefits (with three subcategories), organizational outcomes (with two subcategories), and unpleasant clinical environment (with three subcategories). The eight subcategories of these categories were effective learning, improved self-confidence, financial gain, organizational benefits, unprofessional care delivery, job burnout, financial strains, and academic discouragement. This study concludes that part-time hospital work, along with learning and having a good source of income, also poses challenges such as burnout for the student. Healthcare authorities, managers, and policy makers can use the findings of the present study to develop strategies for managing the problems and improving the effectiveness of students' part-time work in hospital.
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    Experience of Nursing Professors and Students in Relation to the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE): A Qualitatve Study
    (Department of Marketing Management, Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2021) Pourghane, Parand; Nematzad, Pouya; Besharati, Fereshteh; Mozafari, Seyed Mohammad Sadegh
    Clinical examination in medical sciences is one of the important educational pillars. One of these examinations is the clinical examination for final year nursing students to graduate and enter the labor market. The aim of this study is to explain the experience of nursing professors and students in relation to the clinical competency test by OSCE method.This is a qualitative study with a conventional content analysis approach with the participation of 7 professors and 21 nursing graduates who passed the OSCE exam in 2019 in School of Nursing and Midwifery in East of Guilan, in northern Iran. The sampling method was purposeful and the data collection method was semi-structured interviews. The steps proposed by Granheim and Landmann were used to perform the data analysis process and, the validity of the findings was evaluated based on Guba and Lincoln criteria.Based on the statements of the participants in the interviews, 3 main categories and 10 subcategories were extracted that, the main categories and subcategories were, respectively: efficient test (the need to re-read the courses, the student's benchmark, randomly arranged questions), test holes (incomplete ability to assess the test, heavy shadow of mental history, small portfolio of experience), in the way of test promotion (expansion of the variety of examination, the short distance from science to practice, the effect of the colored test, the application of stress reduction methods). It seems that the OSCE, despite some problems such as stressfulness, unknown test from the students' point of view, is a suitable test for evaluating students before their graduation. Utilizing the point of view of professors and students can eliminate or reduce the shortcomings and strengthen the positive points for planning and holding OSCE exams in the future.
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    Improving Outpatient Satisfaction with Optimization of Appointment Scheduling in Healthcare Sector
    (Department of Marketing Management, Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2021) Divyakala; Ganesan; Vasumathi
    This paper studies the real life problems of outpatient in healthcare sector.outpatient healthcare providers face increasing pressure to improve the quality of their service through effective scheduling of appointments. The aim of this paper is to provide outpatient appointment schedule and to find the factors that affects the outpatient services which leads to long waiting time of patients and doctor overtime. This paper proposes the perspective analytics framework to improve improve the performance of an appointment scheduling with respect to patient satisfaction and resource utilisation. The study population will be all patients visiting OPD during the data collection period. Convenient sampling method is used for the study.
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    Measuring the Time of Direct And Indirect Nursing Care in Corona Wards
    (Department of Marketing Management, Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2021) Mokhtari, Razieh; Jaras, Mitra
    Introduction: Allocating sufficient time to provide quality nursing care to patients with coronavirus is very important due to reasons such as the deterioration clinical situation of these patients, the large number of them and the absence of the informal caregiver patient because of the contagious nature of this disease. Considering the key role of nurses' care in ending the prevalence of this disease, the aim of this study was to measure the time spent for direct and indirect care in corona wards and related factors in Arak University of Medical Sciences Hospitals.Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 30 nurses in Corona ward. The data collection tool is a validity and reliability checklist and includes three sections: demographic information, measuring the time of direct and indirect care. In indirect care, all services provided in the patient's bed in the form of 29 items (such as prescribing medication, listening and talking and responding to the patient, measuring vital signs and changing the patient's position) and in the indirect care section, all activities that are done away from the bed, but for the patient, in the form of 18 items (such as: telephone follow-up, visit, Enter drugs, equipment, tests in the computer system, writing a nursing report, and charting vital signs and absorption and excretion) were measure. SPSS v.20 software was used to analyze the data.Results: In a work shift in corona wards, the mean time of indirect care was 165.29 ± 46.9 minutes and the mean time of direct care was 163.7 ± 44.1 minutes. Also, in the ICU of Corona, the amount of indirect care was more than the time of direct care (182.23 ± 19.17 minutes, versus 177.2 ±50.41 minutes). The most direct care (38.5%) was done in the evening shifts and the most indirect care (44%) was done in the morning shifts. The duration of direct and indirect care did not have a significant relationship with gender, work experience, employment status and educational status of nurses.Conclusion: Due to the importance of direct care in patient care, in this study, the amount of indirect care of patients with covid was higher than direct care. Although the contagious nature of the disease, fear of nurses being infected and high workload may unintentionally increase the time of indirect care and reduce the time of direct care of patients, But none of these elements should neglect the impact of quality care in controlling the prevalence of the disease. Therefore, nursing managers are advised to reduce the time spent for indirect care and non-nursing affairs as much as possible by modifying the physical environment, accurately evaluating the performance and delegating computer tasks to non-nursing staff, and provide the basis for improving the quality of care and recovery from the Corona crisis as soon as possible.
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    Investigating the Relationship Between the Quality of Work Life with Turnover Intention among Nurses of Arak University of Medical Sciences Hospitals in Corona Pandemic, Iran
    (Department of Marketing Management, Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2021) Mokhtari, Razieh; Jaras, Mitra
    Introduction: The rate of nurse's turnover due to reasons such as hardship and stress is the highest rate among professional groups. This is while considering that nurses in the corona are at the forefront of care for patients with Covid 19, and anxiety caused by infection, rejection by society and the high workload has doubled. The aim of this study was to investigate the tendency of nurse's turnover and its relationship with the quality of work life in the conditions of the Corona epidemic.Materials and methods: This descriptiveanalytical study was performed on 272 nurses caring for patients with Covid 19 in hospitals of Arak University of Medical Sciences by multi-stage sampling method. The data collection tools were questionnaire of the Jenkins and Tomlinson Tendency to Turnover and Walton Quality of Work Life, Which were prepared and adjusted based on the Likert scale; The quality of work life questionnaire has 32 items that measure the quality of work life from the dimensions of fair and adequate payment, safe and healthy work environment, providing opportunities for growth and continuous security, legalism in the organization, social dependence of work life, overall living space, integrity and Examines social cohesion and the development of human capabilities.The Tendency to Turnover questionnaire also examines the two components of feeling of working with the organization and the decision to leave the organization. Then, the data were analyzed using spss16 software. Results: The average tendency to turnover in nurses in the Corona pandemic was 61.4%. The mean quality of work life was 22 ± 47.85. More than 60% of the participants have a moderate tendency and 36% of them have a strong tendency to turnover. 20% of the nurses have a very low quality of work life and 39% have a medium quality of work life. There was no significant relationship between the components of tendency to turnover and age, work experience, type of employment, marital status (p> 0.05. (There was a significant relationship between the components of tendency to turnover with the amount of salary received (p <0.05(. There is also a significant inverse relationship between the tendency to turnover and the quality of work life (p <0.05); as the Quality of Work Life decreases, the rate of turnover increases.Conclusion: Working in difficult and exhausting conditions such as the corona epidemic has increased the tendency of nurses to leave the service compared to before. Therefore, in order to maintain and retain an experienced and skilled workforce, hospital management should prioritize, managerial support and improvement of supervision, observance of justice and fairness in the organization, efforts to establish a fair payment system, compatibility and balance between work and other aspects of life in programs to improve the quality of work life for employees.
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    Impact of Digital Service Innovation on Customer Engagement: Moderating Impact of Service Orientation in Health Care Sector
    (Department of Marketing Management, Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2021) Mirando, Uditha Jayanath
    Increasing incapability of physical presence in the service delivery process demands service organizations to use more digital technologies. Due to dependency technological advancement in this digital era on the technical environment and prevailing new normal conditions on the natural environment are influenced by this trend. Subsequently, cultivating a culture for capturing customer expectations can be offered an additional set of values for them. It has become a favorable factor that minimizes the competitiveness in the relevant market. Accordingly, based on the prior studies, it is apparent that there is a positive impact of digital service innovation on customer engagement. Despite the higher number of studies in this respect, the role played by service orientation has not been investigated so far. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of digital service innovation on customer engagement in the health care sector and examine whether this relationship is moderated by service orientation in the Sri Lanka context. This study is based on a quantitative research approach and has been carried out as a crosssectional study. Customers who experienced the health care facilities in Sri Lanka are members of the study population. There is no sample framework because unable to find the exact list of customers who experienced the health care facilities in Sri Lanka. Therefore, a sample of 281 customers drawn using a convenient sampling technique was used. Collected data were analyzed using the structural equation modelling based on SPSS 21.0 version & Amos 21.0 version. It was revealed that digital service innovation has a direct positive impact on customer engagement, where this relationship is moderated by service orientation in the Sri Lanka context. Accordingly, findings provide valuable insight to serveries providers. Within the process of service designing innovatively, service designers should use digital technologies. Further, service providers in the health care sector should concern dynamic customer requirements timely in delivering their service package.
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    E-Healthcare, Well-Being and Innovation in Health Services and a System of Transition in Legal Context
    (Department of Marketing Management, Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2021) Singh, Bhupinder
    E-health denote the use of information and communication technologies for the improvement of health and healthcare system. With the advancement of technologies and internet users are rapidly increasing daily, peoples are getting huge information via this channel apart from the conventional method like searching doctors, medicines, order online medicines and other health related information. This helps to make better informed and make take more responsibility towards own health. On the other side, the physicians also use this digital technology to maintain the patients' data base, communication, consultation and many more for the better connectivity. World Health Organization also thrust on the ehealth care system where countries adopt, plan and implement it for better clinical and healthcare system. Digital healthcare system is easy as compare to paper maintenance of record and provide more security with regard to confidentiality of data. The digital health advantages have a vision to deliver enhanced health outcomes in terms of access, affordable, quality and reducing the burden of disease and effectively monitor the health claims of the peoples all over the world and in India also. There are some loopholes of this digital healthcare system as a chance of data theft, leakage of confidential/ sensitive information, loss of yearly record of patients. The Information Technology Act, 2000 will deal with these kinds of cybercrimes and tries to secure the data and allied information which is significant for hospital and patient.
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    The Relationship between Physical Activity and Anxiety and Depression Symptoms among Undergraduate Students During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Malaysia
    (Department of Marketing Management, Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2021) Mun, Sam Jeng; Ee-Vern, Yvern Ng
    The COVID-19 outbreak has affected many major life structures among Malaysians. Studies have shown that the depressive and anxiety states of university students have been increased due to the differing changes in their daily functioning that are linked to the pandemic. Physical activity as one of the behavioral techniques in Cognitive Behavior Therapy has been known to be able to alleviate common mental disorders which are the symptoms of mild to moderate levels of anxiety and depression. The study examined the relationship between physical activity and the level of anxiety and depression symptoms among undergraduate students in Malaysia during the COVID-19 pandemic. The crosssectional study employed a correlational research design. The study recruited 203 Malaysian undergraduate students who study in Malaysia. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) were administered to the students through an online platform. Data analysis using the Pearson's Correlation Coefficient showed that there is a significant negative relationship between physical activity and the level of anxiety and depression (p<0.05). The study indicated that physical activity is one of the important strategies to be practiced to improve the mental health condition among undergraduate students. Recommendations to further study other behavioral activation strategies are crucial in improving the mental health of the students.
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    Neighborhood Social Capital and its Related Factors among Older Adults
    (Department of Marketing Management, Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2021) Arani, Zahra Aliakbarzadeh; Zanjari, Nasibeh
    Despite the importance of neighborhood social capital in well-being and health outcomes, very few studies have focused on predictors of neighborhood social capital specially among older adults. This study sought to identify the factors related to neighborhood social capital among the older adults in Aran & Bidgol, Isfahan, Iran. The sample consisted of 414 community-dwelling individuals aged 60 years and older, which was chosen by the multistage clustered sampling procedure. Face-to-face interviews were administrated to gather data from older adults living in those selected neighborhoods. Bivariate analyses and linear multiple regressions were done to determine the relations between perceived neighborhood social capital and independent variables. The mean age of the participants was 70.43 years (SD=8.84 years) and more of them (77.3%) living with their wife. The mean social capital score was 4.98( ±1.99) and the mean percentage score was 15.48( ±6.64). Results showed that lower age, attachment to neighborhood, Possibility of recreational activities in the neighborhood, Know the number of neighbors and the satisfaction of the neighborhood, significantly contribute to higher neighborhood social capital (F= 5.149, R=0.14). Residence characteristics included satisfaction of home and possibility of recreational activities in the neighborhood had the strongest effect on the neighborhood social capital. This study was the first attempt to appraise neighborhood social capital and its predictors for Iranian older adults. Findings suggest that policy makers should consider such factors in improving social capital among older adults. Policies aimed at increasing attachment to the neighborhood and the possibility of recreational activities and leisure in the neighborhood can lead to higher levels of social capital.
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    A Systematic Review of the Delay in Cancer Diagnosis During the Covid-19 Pandemic
    (Department of Marketing Management, Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2021) Jafari-Koulaee, Azar; Nesami, Masoumeh Bagheri
    Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic has many unpredictable challenges that have affected the health care system. Delay in cancer diagnosis has been reported as one of these important challenges because patients have delayed or suspended their referrals to medical centers for fear of contracting the coronavirus, leading to delayed follow-up and subsequent delay in cancer diagnosis. It can cause disease progression, increase mortality and decrease patient survival. Therefore, considering the importance of this issue, this study was conducted with the aim of reviewing the delay in cancer diagnosis during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: This study is a systematic review that was conducted in 2021. Databases such as Web of Science, ProQuest, Springer, Science Direct, Medline via PubMed, Scopus, SID, Magiran, Google scholar were searched for related studies. Keywords such as COVID-19, Coronavirus, Cancer, Neoplasms, Delay, Diagnosis were used to search using mesh term and Boolean operators. Inclusion criteria included observational or descriptive study, access to the full text of articles and publication in English and Persian language. Screening of the obtained studies was performed in terms of titles, abstracts and full texts. Then the quality of the articles was evaluated and the qualified studies were included in the review process. A checklist was designed to extract the data and finally, after extracting the data, the findings were summarized and analyzed.Results: Out of 287 identified studies, finally 10 studies were included in the review process. The studies were conducted in countries such as Spain, Italy, Israel, Korea and New Zealand. The minimum and maximum sample sizes in studies were 1 and 8766. Most of the participants in the study were male and had an average age of 2 to 69 years, among which the elderly accounted for a relatively large percentage. In the studies, causes of delayed cancer diagnosis were included fear of exposing the patient to COVID-19, physician's refusal to examine, physician's focus on a possible COVID-19 diagnosis, cancellation of non-urgent examinations, reduction screening tests and economic problems. The results showed that the diagnosis of cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic decreased from 10% to 73% compared to the pre-pandemic period, and the number of new cases was lower than expected. The highest percentage of delayed cancer diagnosis in studies were related to skin, head and neck, breast, prostate and colorectal cancers. Also, according to the results, the cancer was diagnosed at a more advanced stage with a longer delay than in the period before the COVID-19 pandemic.Conclusion: Considering the negative impact of COVID-19 pandemic on cancer diagnosis and its adverse consequences, it seems necessary to plan and adopt appropriate measures for effective awareness and information about cancer warning signs as well as attracting more participation and cooperation of people to perform the screening tests and timely referral to health care centers in case of any abnormal symptoms, especially in vulnerable communities.