1st-2017

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    Ayurvedic management of Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion: a case study.
    (Department of Shalya Shalakya,Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute,University of Kelaniya,Sri Lanka, 2017) Abegunasekara, N.S.; Peiris, K.P.P.
    Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion (BRVO) is one of the major causes of sudden painless loss of vision after diabetic retinopathy. Two third of patients with ischemic BRVO are prone to blindness.There has been no treatment identied so far to reverse open the blocked vessels to maintain perfusion and the available treatment modality (laser photocoagulation) is not effective in the absence of macular perfusion. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efcacy of selected Ayurveda modalities in the management of BRVO and to study the pathogenesis of BRVO. A 68 year-old male patient with unilateral BRVO reported to the Shalakya clinic, having a visual acuity 3/60 in right eye and 6/24 in left eye with distorted vision and visual eld defect. His near vision was CF in right eye and N8 in left eye. The patient did not have any other complications such as diabetic, hypertension or any other systemic disease. He was administrated with selected Ayurveda modalities for three (03) months continuously. Treatment protocol consisted of local and systemic therapies. After 14 days of therapy, there was marked improvement of visual acuity. At the end of follow-up period complete remission of symptoms was observed. Thus it is concluded that the treatment protocol which was used to treat the patient was effective in the management of BRVO.
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    A literary survey on traditional Nasya formulae indicated for Shiroroga.
    (Department of Shalya Shalakya,Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute,University of Kelaniya,Sri Lanka, 2017) Abeysooriya, S.R.; Nuwansiri, L.S.B.; Kasturirathne, K.T.A.S.C.
    Administration of medicines through nasal route is known as Nasya Karma. As it is the nearest root, any disease related to head is best treated by this procedure. A Nasya formulae which is used for Shiroroga was collected from selected traditional texts and categorized according to the indications, medical preparations, type of dravyas and Panchapadartha. Data were analyzed paying attention to proper variations. All the texts have mentioned 85 formulas in the chapters dedicated for treatments of Shiroroga; 17 in Sarartha Sangrahaya, 22 in Yogarnavaya, 19 in Besajjamanjusa, 17 in Varayogasaraya and 10 in Sinhala Yogarathnakara. 26 formulae were repeatedly mentioned and 59 formulae were exclusive. Among them, formulae wereidentied as indicated for Sarwashirorogas (35.59%), Krimija Shirobhithapa (ST) (11.86%), Akalapalithya (10.17%), Pittaja ST, Suryawartha and Ardhawabhedaka (6.76% per each). 59 formulae have been used as Taila (42.37%), Kalka (13.56%), Kwata (11.86%), Churna (11.86%), Grita (10.17%) and Ksheera (1.69%). These formulae contain 82.76% of Oudbhidadravya, 10.34 % of Janthawadravya and 06.90% of Parthiwadravya. Among 48 Oudbhidadravya, Nagara (25.42%), Madhuyasthi (22.03%), Pippalli (15.25%), Marica (13.56%), Vidanga (11.86%), Nirgundi (10.17%) were commonly found. Cow's milk (10.17%), breast milk (6.78%), bee honey and cow's urine (each in 03.39%), animal blood (1.69%) were mentioned under the Janthawadravya. Saindhawalavana (5.08%), Yawakshara (3.39%), Galmada and Kasisa (each in 1.69%) were used as Parthiwadravya. Dravya contain Thikta (61.11%), Katuka (59.26%), Madhura (40.74%), Kashaya (31.48%), Amla and Lavana (each in 1.85%) Rasa. Lagu (83.33%), Ruksha (51.85%), Singdha and Theekshna (each in 37.04%) were the predominant Gunas.74.55% were Ushnavirya and 25.45% were Shitavirya. 72% of Katukavipaka and 28% of Madhuravipaka. 50% of Dravya were Kaphavatashamaka. In conclusion, most of formulae indicated for Sarwashiroroga and Taila are the predominant types of preparation. Oudbhida is the common type of ingredient. Thikta and Katu Rasa, laghuguna, ushnavirya and katuvipaka were predominant Panchapadartha. Kaphavatashamaka is the predominant type of Dosa Karma.
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    Effectiveness of Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merrill – Odhi root bark powder for wound healing activity in Wistar albino rats.
    (Department of Shalya Shalakya,Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute,University of Kelaniya,Sri Lanka, 2017) Hemali, K.R.; Varnakulendran, N.; Sivaganesan, S.
    Lannea coromandelica is a well-known tree that belongs to Anacardiacae family and is commonly known as Odhi in Tamil and Hik in Sinhala. Although it has been used by traditional physicians, still it has not been used in the preparation of pharmaceuticals. Root bark powder of Lannea coromandelica was administered in 250g of wistar albino rats. Fine powder of root bark of Lannea coromandelica was prepared. The animals were divided into 3 groups of 3 each. The animals of group 1 were left untreated and considered as control. Group 2 served as the standard and received Cloxacilline powder. Group 3 was considered as the test group and treated with the prepared test drug.The Powder of test drug and the standard drug were topically applied twice a day starting from the day of operation, untill complete epithelialization. Wounds were measured in width and length in the scale of mm and the size of the wound was calculated. The appearance of wound was reported as per Likert scale. The result of the study suggests the tested powder of root bark of Lannea coromandelica has a signicant power of wound healing activity. The wounds of all animals treated with test drug completely healed while the wounds of standard and control groups persisted. It can be concluded that the root bark powder of Lannea coromandelica has remarkable wound healing action in wistar albino rats.
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    Determination of antimicrobial efcacy of Triphala Ashchyotana as a therapeutic agent for acute conjunctivitis.
    (Department of Shalya Shalakya,Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute,University of Kelaniya,Sri Lanka, 2017) Perera, B.S.R.; Dayarathna, M.T.A.; Perera, B.P.R.; Karunarathne, E.D.C.; Sudesh, A.D.H.
    Triphala decoction is a therapeutic agent used in the form of Ashchyotana (eye drops) for acute conjunctivitis. The antibacterial assay was performed according to the standard Antibiotic Sensitivity Test (ABST) for Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Candida albicans using chloramphenicol and uconazole as positive controls. The test drug, Triphala decoction, was prepared by boiling dry samples of Terminalia chebula, Terminalia belerica and Phyllanthus emblica 20g each, in 1920ml of water and reducing it to 240ml. Based on the results of ABST, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Lethal Concentration (MLC) against S. aureus was determined by using a concentration series ranging from 3 X 50 μl to12 X 50 μl of Triphala decoction with 100μl of S. aureus in 10ml of nutrient broth. The volumes were equalized up to 11ml using sterilized distilled water. After an overnight, incubation at 37OC, 500μl from each concentration was plated using pour-plate technique and incubated overnight at 37OC. To determine the MLC, a loopful of each concentration was streaked on Nutrient Agar plates and incubated overnight at 37OC. According to the results, S. aureus was sensitive to Triphala decoction making an inhibition zone diameter (IZD) of 18mm, while the readings for the other species were in the intermediate range of 17mm for E.coli and 13mm for P. aeruginosa. MRSA strain was resistant to the test drug making IZD 11mm and no inhibition zone was observed for Candida albicans. The MIC and MLC for S. aureus were of the same concentration (6 X 50μl) showing zero growth after that point. It can be concluded that Triphala ashchotana is effective in controlling acute conjunctivitis caused by S. aureus and the dosage required is 6 X 50 μl (6 drops). Triphala can also be used as a prophylactic agent against acute conjunctivitis.
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    Efficacy of Kashaya Rasa and Tikta Rasa in Danta Dhavana.
    (Department of Shalya Shalakya,Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute,University of Kelaniya,Sri Lanka, 2017) Bhusari, V.B.
    Ayurveda science emphasizes equally on preventive and curative aspects of health. Teeth are most important organs of mechanical digestion in body. Unless the teeth pulverize the food, enzymes cannot chemically digest it. Ayurveda recommends chewing sticks in the morning to prevent from the oral diseases. Ayurveda insists on herbal brushes. These herbal sticks should either be “Kashaya” (Astrigent), Katu (acrid), or Tikta (bitter) in taste. These herbal sticks facilitate salivary secretion and possibly help in plaque control while some stems have an antibacterial action. Pathology commonly seen in teeth is Dantamalinta (dentalplaque), Dantamala (debris), Mukhdaurgandhya, Dantasharkara (dental calculs). These all are due to Kapha and Pitta Doshavridhi in mouth. Khadira is the best in Kashaya Rasa while Nimba is the best in Tikta Rasa. Rubbing of Khadira and Nimba Churna helps in removing food debris stuck in the teeth. Khadira has Katu Vipaka, Laghu, Ruksha, Pittaghna and Kaphaghna properties. Nimba has Katu Vipaka, Laghu and Kaph Pitta Shamaka properties. The trials were conducted on two groups of people for 30 days. The active extract of Khadira having astringent property and Kusthghna Prabhava helps in freshening up of the breath and protects teeth from other infections. Statistical analysis of Khadira Churna shows approximately 70% satisfactory results in Dantamala and Dantamalinta whereas extract of Nimba has antibacterial, antimicrobial and vermicidal action which leads to Doshbalakshaya and Vyadhibalkshaya. Satatical analysis of Nimba Churna shows approximately 72% results in Asyavairasya, Mukhadaurgandha. Hence Khadira and Nimba having Kashaya and Tikta Rasa are optimum in Danta Dhawana to have healthy teeth and protect the oral cavity from diseases.
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    Antenatal care for reducing ocular and auditory disorders.
    (Department of Shalya Shalakya,Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute,University of Kelaniya,Sri Lanka, 2017) Kadam, S.
    The aim of Garbhini paricharya is to maintain a healthy progeny, i.e., child having long life, good health and fortune, power of supremacy, energy, complexion and healthy sensory organs. Health of all sensory organs (Indriya) of individual can be affected by various factors like Beeja vikriti, diet consumed by mother during antenatal period, consumption of garbhopaghatakarabhavas and diseases occurred during pregnancy. These factors can lead to some disorders of eye or ear, which in turn can affect the whole life of the individual. With the help of Ayurvedic principles, it is possible to prevent from some of these eye and ear disorders to be transmitted to the foetus. For prevention of these disorders, several steps can be followed; preconceptional care, antenatal care and intrapartum and postpartum care. In families having history of eye or ear disorders, preconceptional panchakarma therapy to conception willingcouple and some medicines can be used for preventing transmission of such disorders to the foetus. According to Ayurveda, Indriya utapatti in foetus takes place in the third month and its upachaya in fourth and fth months. During this period, it is important to prescribe specic diet, herbs which can increase the strength of particular organs in order to control some ophthalmic and auditory disorders. An attempt is made in this paper to elaborate the conceptual study of the etiological factors which can affect the functions of eyes and ears. Several measures are suggested to be followed during prenatal and natal period which can increase the strength of these organs and achive Indriyasampannata.
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    Uniqueness of Puravaliyam remedies with special reference to authentic traditional texts
    (Department of Shalya Shalakya,Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute,University of Kelaniya,Sri Lanka, 2017) Nishshanka, N.M.S.A.; Samaratunga, U.
    A wide range of distinctive treatment procedures have been used in the management of eye disorders in Sri Lankan traditional medicine. Among them, traditional Puravaliyam is a procedure where the medicated paste is applied externally around the closed eye except eye lids which is similar to Ayurvedic Bidalaka. The study aimed at identifying the materials, preparing methods and indications of various Puravaliyam formulas which are used in traditional medicine. A literary survey was carried out and the data were collected from authentic traditional medical texts such as, Yogarnavaya, Prayogarathnawali, Varayogasaraya and authentic Ayurvedic texts including Ashtanga Hradaya Samhita, Sharangadara Samhita. According to the data collected, 17 Bidalaka formulas were found from Ayrvedic texts and 101 puravaliam formulas were found from traditional texts. Among the puravaliam formulas, only one formula was mentioned in Ayurvedic texts. Although puravaliam formulas had been recommended for 30 eye disorders such as Timira, Kacha and Patala etc., there were only four eye disorders mentioned in Ayurvedic texts as indications of Bidalaka. There were 51 plant materials such as Strychnous potatorum, Tamarindus indica , 4 minerals like mercury, borax and 5 animal materials such as testicles of Vivera zivetta(Urule sattam), Cuttle sh bone which were not mentioned in Bidalaka remedies. The study revealed that there were 12 endemic plants mentioned in these formulas. The research also revealed that there were specic preparation methods which are not found in Ayurvedic Bidalaka, including the preperation of drugs on the heated blade of a hoe, tiding drugs inside a pottali and boiled under the hot ashes. Distinctive liquids were used as grinding agents of medications such as breast milk, lime juice etc. The present study contributes to identify specialty of drugs, preparation methods and indications of traditional Puravaliam. It can be concluded that there were many traditional Puravaliam remedies with specic features which need to be preserved.
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    Study of acute and 28 days repeated oral toxicity of Siddha formulae Seenthilchooranam in Wistar albino rat.
    (Department of Shalya Shalakya,Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute,University of Kelaniya,Sri Lanka, 2017) Ushakanthan, S.; Visweswaran, S.; Sivakkumar, S.; Mariyappan, A.; Banumathi, V.
    Seenthil Chooranam is one of the traditional Siddha formulae used in various kinds of diseases in Siddha system of medicine. The test drug Seenthil Chooranam (Chooranam-one of the 32 types of internal medicine), mentioned in classical Siddha text Agasthiyar Paripuranam – 400, is used for Megam (diabetic mellitus), Eelai (tuberculosis), Kasam (cough), Elaipu (bronchial asthma),Erandavayu (scrotal swelling). The ingredients of this formulae include Seenthil (Tinosporacordifolia), Karisalai (Eclipta Alba), and Earthworm (Eudriluseugeniae). The present studyaimed at evaluating the safety of Seenthil Chooranam as per OECD Guidelines 423,407. This study focused on acute and repeated dose 28 days oral toxicity studies in wistar albino rat. In acute study, Seenthil Chooranam was administered orally at the dose of 2000mg/kg. b.w and animals were observed for toxic signs for a period of 14 days. In repeated dose 28 days oraltoxicity study, Seenthil Chooranam was administered at the dose of 900mg and 1800mg/kg b.w.Mortality, toxic signs, body weight, food and water consumption, haematological, plasma biochemical parameters, gross necropsy, relative organ weights and histopathology were assessed. The results of these studies revealed that the drug Seenthil Chooranam did not produce any death at the dose of 2000mg/kg body weight. The LD value is greater than 2000mg/kg body 50weight. Repeated dose 28 days oral toxicity study was observed without any abnormalities and No-Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) was noted. It conrms the safety of the drug which proved its utility in long term administration without any harm to the human being.
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    A clinical study on the management of Ardhavabhedaka.
    (Department of Shalya Shalakya,Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute,University of Kelaniya,Sri Lanka, 2017) Jayasena, R.M.D.; Jayarathne, M.N.M.; Dharmawijaya, P.K.H.
    Ardhavabhedaka is one among the eleven types of Shiroroga. It can be correlated with migraine based on the similarity in etiology, pathology, symptoms and treatment principles. Migraine is the second most common cause of headache. WHO has ranked migraine as number 19 among all diseases worldwide causing disability. Migraine headache attacks may be triggered by allergic reactions, bright lights, loud noises, odors or perfumes, physical or emotional stress, changes in sleep patterns, smoking or exposure to smoke, skipping meals and alcohol. A total number of twenty subjects volunteered to this program and as an effort to validate the above, the present study bears the details of twenty migraine patients who were rst diagnosed and treated for migraine by allopathic physicians and were then referred to receive Ayurveda treatment.“Pathya Pruthvi Kwatha” 30ml was used thrice a day for oral administration. Out of those,fteen subjects completed 90 days of Ayurveda treatment. This treatment brought signicantrelief in reducing the frequency and intensity of pain and associated symptoms of migraine patients. Eleven subjects reported signicant improvement in overall symptoms of migraine. Overall assessment showed statistically highly signicant results with the p value < 0.000.
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    Management of Arma with Nayansukha Varti Anjan: a clinical study.
    (Department of Shalya Shalakya,Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute,University of Kelaniya,Sri Lanka, 2017) Patel, R.S.; Sisodiya, Y.K.; Firke, T.
    Eyes are the most sensitive and vulnerable part of our body. Air born infection, UV rays, pollutants, dust and other particles can land directly on the surface of eye, causing eye disease. Arma is dened as gradually developing continuous wing like growth in Shukla Mandala from either Kaninika Sandhi (inner canthus) or Apang Sandhi (outer canthus) towards KrishnaMandala, causing discomfort in eye. Pterygium is found in people residing tropical and subtropical area. Risk factors include outdoor work, exposure to sunlight, dry and dusty climatic etc. Due to geographic and climatic conditions, Pterygium is a common ocular disorder in India. Ayurvedic science can be explored to nd a better alternative to manage this condition. Arma which is at early stage having thin membrane and curd like bluish/ red coloured and smoky should be treated with Lekhana Anjana and recurrent rate is very low after Anjana Kriyakalpa.Considering all these facts Nayansukha Varti Anjana was selected for Arma Chikitsa. In thepresent study, 10 patients of Arma were selected and administered Nayansukha Varti Anjana(Pradhan Karma) after Deepan-pachan and Nasya Karma (Poorva Karma) and ShamanaChikitsa with Triphala Churna. Nayansukha Varti Anjana have Lekhaniya and Rasayana property which is useful in Arma Chikitsa. A signicant relief was found in signs and symptomsof Arma after the treatment and no any adverse effects were found after treatment. Drugs used intreatment are easily available and cost effective.