Books and Chapters of Books
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Item Gastroenterology Update(Gastroenterological and Digestive Endoscopy Society Sri Lanka Colombo, Sri Lanka, 1993) Goonaratna, C.; de Silva, H.J.No abstract availableItem Side effects of drugs annual(Elsevier, 1999) de Silva, H.J.This chapter describes the adverse effects of gastrointestinal drugs. The adverse effects of cisapride include abdominal cramps, diarrhea, headache, dystonic reactions, convulsions, and hypersensitivity. Cisapride cardiotoxicity in association with erythromycin is described in the chapter. Cisapride should be used with caution in patients with severe cardiac disease or other risk factors for developing dysrhythmias, particularly hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia. It should not be given to patients with intestinal obstruction, perforation, or hemorrhage. In adults, metoclopramide has been reported to cause gynecomastia and galactorrhea due to hyperprolactinemia secondary to its dopamine antagonist action. Adverse effects attributable to antiemetic therapy include facial rash, constipation, headache, and weakness. The increased risk of acute liver injury with cimetidine is seen mainly in the first two months of use. In a study discussed in the chapter, gynecomastia and a lobular carcinoma of the breast were reported in a patient with chronic gastric ulcer. The hematological adverse effects of ranitidine include leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, aplastic anemia, hemolytic anemia, and pancytopenia.Item Intestinal nematodes that migrate through lungs (Ascariasis)(WB Saunders Company, 2000) de Silva, N.R.; Bundy, D.A.P.Item Side effects of drugs annual(Elsevier, 2000) de Silva, H.J.This chapter provides an overview of gastrointestinal drugs. Some of the drug classes discussed include antacids, antiemetics, ulcer healing drugs, and cholelitholytic agents—bile acids. The chapter describes the clinical use of cisapride and its risk:benefit ratio in children. The most common adverse effects are diarrhea, abdominal cramps, borborygmi, and colic. Serious adverse events are rare and include isolated cases of extrapyramidal reactions, seizures in epileptic patients, cholestasis, and ventricular dysrhythmias, anorexia, and enuresis. Coadministration of anticholinergic drugs may compromise the beneficial effects of cisapride. Several treatments are available for promoting the healing of gastric and duodenal ulcers associated with the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). They include histamine receptor antagonists, proton pump inhibitors, and prostaglandin analogues. Proton pump inhibitors can interact with other drugs by increasing gastric pH, inhibiting hepatic cytochrome P450, or inducing specific isoforms of this enzyme system. However, drug interactions involving these isoenzymes and omeprazole or lansoprazole are uncommon and generally appear to be clinically unimportant.Item Side effects of drugs annual(Elsevier, 2001) de Silva, H.J.This chapter presents an overview and discusses the effects of various antiemetics. These drugs include cisapride, clebopride, domperidone, and 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Clebopride can cause extrapyramidal syndromes, ranging from transient dyskinesia to persistent parkinsonism and tardive dykinesia. The efficacy and adverse effects of domperidone and metoclopramide have been compared in a double-blind, multicenter, randomized trial in 93 insulin-dependent diabetics with symptomatic gastroparesis. The safety and efficacy of the selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist alosetron in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome is reviewed. In patients with irritable bowel syndrome, alosetron increases colonic transit time and colonic compliance. Constipation is the most common adverse effect. Several histamine H2 receptor antagonists, such as like cimetidine, and ranitidine are discussed. The drug interactions associated with cimetidine are explained. Cimetidine can interact with other drugs by inhibiting hepatic cytochrome P450.Item Biochemistry for clinical medicine(Greenwich Medical Media, 2001) Thabrew, I.; Ayling, R. M.; Wicks, C.No abstract availableItem Manual of basic cervical cytology(National Cancer Control Programme,Colombo, 2001) Kumarasinghe, P.; Hewavisenthi, J.No abstract availableItem Control of intestinal helminthiasis in pregnancy – the Sri Lankan experience(World Health Organization, 2003) Ismail, M.M.; Atukorala, T.M.S.; Naotunna, T.S; de Silva, N.R.; Hettiarachchi, I.Item මානසික රෝග හදුනා ගනිමු(University of Kelaniya, 2004) Kuruppuarachchi, K.A.L.A.Item Soil-transmitted helminth infections in Sri Lanka(Federation of Asian Parasitologists, AAA Committee, 2005) de Silva, N.R.No abstract availableItem Psychiatry in Sri Lanka(Vikas Medical Publishers, Mumbai, 2005) Kuruppu, L.Item Helminth infections: soil-transmitted helminth infections and schistosomiasis(Oxford University Press and World Bank, 2006) Hotez, P. J.; Bundy, D.A.P.; Beegle, K.; Brooker, S.; Drake, L.; de Silva, N.; Montresor, A.; Engels, D.; Jukes, M.; Chitsulo, L.; Chow, J.; Laxminarayan, R.; Michaud, C. M.; Bethony, J.; Correa-Oliviera, R.; Xiao Shu-Hua; Fenwick, A.; Savioli, L.Item Collective violence(World Health Organization, 2008) Kitulwatte, I.D.G.; de Silva, S.T.G.R.; Siriwardhane, H.A.No abstract availableItem Fatal violence – Homicides(World Health Organization, 2008) Kitulwatte, I.D.G.; de Silva, S.T.G.R.No abstract availableItem Item Sri Lankan parents' attitudes towards adolescent reproductive and sexual health education needs: A qualitative study(Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya & Plan International, 2008) Godamunne, P.K.S.INTRODUCTION: Adolescents have unique reproductive health needs when compared to adults, and the behaviours adopted in adolescence have serious implications for their later well being. Serious gaps have been found in providing sexual and reproductive health information to adolescents in Sri Lanka. OBJECTIVE: To explore the attitudes of Sri Lankan parents' towards adolescent reproductive and sexual health education, to identify current parental practices of imparting reproductive and sexual health information to their children and to identify perceived barriers parents face in discussing sexual and reproductive health issues with their children. METHODS: A qualitative study conducted using focus groups discussions in Kurunegala, Kandy, Gampaha and Colombo districts among 71 parents having an adolescent child. RESULTS: All'parents said that it was essential to provide reproductive and sexual health education to adolescents, mainly to deter them from engaging in any precocious sexual activity and to protect children from various threats posed by society, such as sexually transmitted diseases and child sexual abuse. Generally most parents were reluctant to directly discuss reproductive and sexual health issues with their children due to cultural taboos and resultant feelings of shyness and embarrassment. However, mothers, to some extent, discussed reproductive and sexual health matters with their children, often with their daughters and sometimes even with sons. However, some parents expressed lack of knowledge to do so. Parents also indirectly educated their children on sexual and reproductive health topics by providing them with books to read. Many parents considered school and teachers to be the best source of reproductive and sexual health information for their children. Doctors too were considered by parents to be a reliable source of reproductive and sexual health information. CONCLUSION: Parents considered adolescent reproductive and sexual health education as essential to protect and deter children from engaging in any precocious sexual activity. However, most parents were reluctant to openly discuss reproductive and sexual health topics with their children. In general, parents preferred outside sources, people other than themselves, such as teachers and doctors to provide their children with reproductive and sexual health information.Item Do newspapers fulfil the demand for adolescent reproductive health?(Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya & Plan International, 2008) Kumarendran, B.; Nandasena, Y.L.S.; Abeysena, C.OBJECTIVE: To describe the expectations of adolescent school children, perceptions of editorial staff and coverage of topics of articles published by selected Sinhala newspapers regarding reproductive health. METHOD: Data were extracted from three national and three tabloid newspapers published during the period May to October 2007. Thematic analysis was done to analyse in-depth interviews of eleven editorial staff. One hundred and thirty four 17-18 year old school children were sampled using stratified (based on stream, sex and urban/rural) purposive sampling from the Gampaha district. Content analysis of 14 Focus Group Discussions (FGD) was done. RESULTS: Ninety two and 58 articles on reproductive health were published in national and tabloid papers respectively during the study period. Pregnancy related issues were the commonest topic addressed followed by reproductive system, commercial sex and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Most of the published articles included photographs. The majority was written with the guidance of professionally qualified doctors. Although journalists knew the spectrum of reproductive health issues, they were more prone to write on STIs and less on homosexuality, virginity and family planning. The opportunities given for selecting a topic by the press authorities were not satisfactory. Adolescent girls were interested to read about puberty, menstruation, contraception, commercial sex, virginity and STIs and boys were interested to read about homosexuality, heterosexuality, masturbation, STIs, contraception and abortion. Most of the students claimed that they were not provided with adequate RH related knowledge by the newspapers. The way of presenting the articles was not, satisfactory. Most of the adolescents preferred information in simple language (than scientific jargon) in question and answer form without seductive photographs. CONCLUSIONS: Reproductive health coverage by newspapers are not satisfactory. Publishing articles to fulfil the expectations of adolescents would make newspapers a successful mode of RH education.Item A study on adolescent sexual & violent behaviour, drugs & alcohol abuse and its relationship to the past experiences(Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya & Plan International, 2008) Mettananda, D.S.G.; de Silva, D.G.H.; Jayasinghe, Y.C.; Waduge, T.R.W.; Pathmeswaran, A.; Abeysinghe, A.P.S.D.Item A Collection of research papers on adolescent sexual and reproductive Health(Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya & Plan International, 2008) Wickremasinghe, A.R.; Pathmeswaran, A.Item A study on the incidence and the outcome of teenage pregnancies and the associated socio-economic factors: an interim analysis(Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya & Plan International, 2008) Palihawadana, T.S.; Motha, M.B.C.; Fernando, W.S.; Wijesinghe, P.S.INTRODUCTION: Teenage pregnancy is known to be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes for both the mother and her offspring. Knowledge on the socio-economic conditions associated with teenage pregnancy and the short term and intermediate outcomes would provide information useful in prevention and management of teenage pregnancy. OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of teenage pregnancy in a low risk population and two identified high risk populations and to identify the associated socio-economic characteristics as well as to assess the incidence of short term and intermediate adverse outcomes in the mother and the offspring. METHODS: The study will be conducted in three phase. The prevalence of teenage pregnancy and associated socio-economic factors would be assessed at three study settings of Ragama, Nuwara Eliya and Puttalam. Second phase would be at Ragama and the pregnancy outcome of the teenage mothers would be compared against a parity matched sample of controls while in phase three a community based follow up study would be done in teenage mothers who delivered at Ragama Hospital two years ago to assess the intermediate outcome of mothers and their offspring. Here we report the results of the Ragama component of Phase I and a part of the data accumulated for Phase II. RESULTS: Review of records of 5249 deliveries yielded a teenage pregnancy rate of 4.74% (n=249). Results pertaining to 25 subjects and 50 parity matched controls in phase I and 102 subjects with 179 controls are described here. The distribution according to religion and ethnicity was not different between the subjects and the controls. The occupations and marital status as well as alcohol consumption of fathers did not demonstrate a difference between the teenage mothers and the controls. Five percent of subjects were not married while all were married in the control group (p<0.05). There was a significant difference in the educational level between subjects and controls (p<0.001); education beyond Ordinary level was 14% in subjects as compared to 33% among