Impact of broken families on child protection: Exploring adverse childhood experiences and vulnerability

Abstract

Background: Child protection is a fundamental social responsibility, and the family is the primary institution ensuring the safety and development of children. However, broken family structures significantly compromise this role, exposing children to increased risks of abuse, neglect, and social marginalization. This study investigates the impact of broken families on child protection breakdown, with a focus on how such environments contribute to child vulnerability and adverse childhood experiences (ACES). Method: A qualitative multiple-case study approach was employed. Five families were selected through purposive sampling from cases registered with the National Child Protection Authority. Secondary data sources including case files, counseling records, and complaint investigation reports were thematically analyzed using psychological and social work frameworks. Results: The study reveals that children from fragmented families endure deep emotional distress, often leading to prolonged psychological trauma and a high incidence of ACEs. Parental mental illness was a recurring factor contributing to family instability, further exposing children to abuse, neglect, and emotional isolation. Most of the affected children displayed behavioral disorders, disengagement from education, and difficulty forming social bonds. The absence of a stable, nurturing home environment created a persistent state of vulnerability, with long-term consequences for both mental and physical well-being. Conclusion: The findings highlight the urgent need for community-based interventions to address the adverse effects of family breakdown on child protection. Preventative strategies should focus on strengthening family structures, promoting mental health support for caregivers, and implementing evidence-based interventions. Early intervention and sustained support mechanisms are essential to protecting children's safety and promoting resilience.