Understanding juvenile delinquency: Sociological insights and preventive strategies for child abuse

Abstract

Background: Juvenile delinquency exists in Sri Lanka, though the term is not commonly used in the medical field. This case report presents an example of juvenile delinquency and examines it through well-known theoretical perspectives. The scope of the authors' examination was limited to the five-year-old victim. Nevertheless, the authors broadened their social analysis to encompass the alleged assailant, a minor. Case study: A five-year-old girl (examined by the authors) was abducted from her home while she was sleeping alongside her father in the living room, coming through the unsafe window. The abductor, who was a 16-year-old boy, forcefully closed her mouth while sleeping. Because of the parents' shout, the abductor fled away, suggesting a possible disruption of his intended action of sexual abuse. The child was found at the nearby paddy field unharmed. This case is a near-miss incident, reminiscent of the Seya Sadewmi case. Since the accused was a 16-year-old boy, the concept of juvenile delinquency came into play. Several well-established theories attempt to explain such behaviors, ranging from classic sociological perspectives to modern psychological insights. These include Anomie (Strain) Theory, Differential Association Theory, Social Control Theory, Labeling Theory, Subculture Theory, Rational Choice Theory, Psychodynamic Theory, Cognitive Theory, and General Strain Theory. While earlier theories emphasize societal structures and limited opportunities, contemporary approaches consider a broader spectrum of influences, such as individual psychological factors and social interactions . hence it is not rational emphasize only on social theories without focusing on the mental state of the boy. However, that part is beyond the authority of the authors as they only investigate the victim. Conclusion: Juvenile delinquency exists in Sri Lanka too. This case demands a deeper look into its causes. A 16-year-old boy planned to abduct a sleeping five-year-old girl and what caused such a mindset? Beyond legal action, psychosocial insight is vital for social progress.