XYLARIALES FUNGI: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF THEIR DIVERSITY AND ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE

Abstract

The Xylariales fungal order is a diverse and ecologically significant group within the Ascomycota division. Primarily recognized as saprophytes, these fungi decompose and facilitate nutrient recycling. While being typically saprobic, certain Xylariales fungi exist as endophytes and can even transition to pathogens in response to environmental stresses under rare circumstances. The Xylariales order has been traditionally classified based on their distinct morphological characteristics. Still, due to recent advancements in molecular phylogeny, it has undergone extensive taxonomic revisions, leading to a more precise understanding of their classification. Among fungi, the Xylariales species are particularly prolific in producing bioactive secondary metabolites, which hold much economic importance. Renowned for its rich biodiversity, Sri Lanka harbours a potentially vast and unexplored array of Xylariales fungi. However, the full scope of the Xylariales fungal diversity and ecological significance within the country remains largely unknown. Molecular classification is crucial for accurately identifying and characterizing Xylariales fungi in Sri Lanka, enabling a deeper understanding of their ecological roles and potential applications. Further research is essential to unlock the untapped potential of these fungi in biotechnology, medicine, agriculture, and other fields.