IPRC - 2018
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Item A Study on Sub Cultural Language of Wooden Tear(19th Conference on Postgraduate Research, International Postgraduate Research Conference 2018, Faculty of Graduate Studies,University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Kumara, A.M.C.Main human needs are food, clothes and houses. Wood can be identified as one of the main raw materials used in construction of houses. From the past decade’s humans used wood in constructing their residences. With the humans’ social development, they cut off the large trees and tear by two men with the power and of force and ability. A sub culture and its own language was born due to the long period occurred in this process. Research problem of this study is that what the sub cultural language use in wooden tear? and from this study illustrated the sub cultural language use in wooden tear. Snow ball sampling is used as the sampling method and also interview method is used for the data collection. Collected data presented that there is a sub cultural language and also there are some related customs and rituals related with wooden tear. Through the study, it can be identified that there are few researchers restudies related with this field and this sub cultural language is going away in the present. Therefore, it has conducted must take immediate action for secure this sub culture for new generationItem Identifying Motivational Factors Affecting Adventure Sports with Reference to the “Kithulgala Adventure Base Camp, White Water Rafting(19th Conference on Postgraduate Research, International Postgraduate Research Conference 2018, Faculty of Graduate Studies,University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Gunawardhana, D.S.R.E.S.; Ramanayaka, A.R.N.D.; Dompelage, P.T.This study focuses to identify the motivational factors which can effect on white water rafting as an adventure sports. The literature review facilitated to find fifteen motivational factors which effect on the participation of outdoor recreation and adventure tourism such as relaxation, being able to view special and different places, being able to discover new cultures and swim, being able to feel rush, having passion for adventure and feeling of fear or enjoyment of risk. These factors were further developed based on field notification by a pilot study. A sample of 300 customers randomly selected from the Kitulgala adventure place and they have distributed a questionnaire to collect data. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) method was used as an analytical method to extract the motivation factors of white water rafting as an adventure sport in Sri Lanka. The result facilitated to confirm seven motivational factors of white water rafting as latent factors which refer to the Sri Lanka context. They were thrill, nature, place identity, place dependence, revisit intention, perceived risk and word-of-mouth. The cumulative variance explained by the factors derived was 81.25%. Each factors are reliable (α=0.71 & KMO = 0.734) to use for further study in this particular as an empirical survey toolItem Changing Crop Pattern in Central Highlands of Sri Lanka; Reasons and Consequences (A Case Study of Aranayaka Samasara Mountain area)(19th Conference on Postgraduate Research, International Postgraduate Research Conference 2018, Faculty of Graduate Studies,University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Silva, T.M.; Sakalasooriya, N.The case study discusses changing crop pattern in central highlands of Sri Lanka and the case focused to Aranayaka Samasara mountain area. Especially it has drastically been changed the ecosystems of central highlands without concerning the land condition and their consequences. Disasters, which have been occurred in central highlands, have also been increased with the intensity and the number of disasters and Aranayaka landslide, which was occurred on 17 May 2016, is one of the best evidence. The case study paid attention about three crops as Tea, Rubber and Home Gardens. The main objective of the study is to identify the pattern of crop changes in the study area. There are two specific objectives as find out reasons and consequences reference to the crop pattern changes. This case study proves the significance of cropland management of hilly areas in Sri Lanka The study found the cropland pattern of the area had changed within last 50 years of period. The area encompassed by major Tea and Home Gardens with minor Rubber lands. Apart from that, the area had exposed to the excessive land preparation, and took very limited remedies as application for the conservation of slopes plus extreme land uses denoted near steep slopes of the area as remain poor land management system. When concluding with all above results the changes of crop pattern has changed without concerning the fragile environment of the area and just concern short-term benefits from the harvest of the croplands. The major consequence due to this crop pattern change is, the area has exposed to disaster as landslide and made unstable banks. These results were taken by applying both cartographical and ground level analysis. Cartographical analysis based on land covers in 1956, 1981, 1992, 2012 and 2016. Arc Map 10.1 used as a Geographic Information System (GIS) tool and relevant Geoprocessing techniques were applied. The ground level analysis verifies the story of cartographic contrast changesItem The Future of Travel Agencies in Sri Lanka(19th Conference on Postgraduate Research, International Postgraduate Research Conference 2018, Faculty of Graduate Studies,University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Yohani, T.A Travel Agency is an intermediary company between the producers of products and services of travel and tourism industry. More specifically, they sell organized travel packages and provide the guests with all necessary information that are related to tourism destinations, accommodations, tourist attractions, accessibilities, amenities and transport services which facilitate greatly consumers travel planning as travel intermediaries. There are some researches studies done about the Travel agencies related to the travel and tourism industry. However, there are no proper studies done to reveal the future of travel agency. Especially there are no researches done about the future of travel agencies in Sri Lanka. Hence, the problem of study: how will the role of travel agents change in the future. This study undertaken to identify the significant role of travel agencies in Sri Lanka and The final fact is, nowadays consumers are even better experts in many incidents than the intermediaries like travel agencies. The aim of the study is to examine and analyze the drivers for change in the travel agents and tourism professionals’ point of view and at identifying development areas that will help to travel agents to be prepared for the future challenges. Employees and consumers of a travel agency and tourism professionals were the sample of the study and sampling method was stratified sampling. The responses were selected from a special leading, registered travel agency in Colombo, Sri Lanka. There were 02 questionnaires with 30 questions and 14 interview questions from different variables asked from the sample and primary data were analyzed by using Microsoft office Excel sheets. In this study five key variables were identified to help to find employees and customers view about role of a travel agency and to investigate how it will effect for the future of travel agencies in Sri Lanka. According to the research findings, factors like role and functions, level of customer satisfaction, issues, future challenges and development areas. The study has given an insight into the understanding about development areas that will help to be prepared for the future. However, study has identified that their challenges of travel agencies in Sri Lanka and researcher mentioned that the positive view about the new trends. Finally, study has mentioned some recommendations to increase the level of travel and tourism business in Sri LankaItem Impact of Provincial Councils of Service Delivery within the Intergovernmental Relations: With Reference to Decentralization In Sri Lanka(19th Conference on Postgraduate Research, International Postgraduate Research Conference 2018, Faculty of Graduate Studies,University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Mudalige, P.Decentralization has developed into an increasingly familiar theme in administrative theory and democratic practices in the global context. Countries have indicated different types of decentralization such as political, administrative, and fiscal for various reasons. The democratization of countries also leads to more decentralization. There were 69 democratic countries in 1989, which raised to 125 by 2014. According to Piccone (2016), 2.28 billion people lived in democratic countries in 1989 that increased to 4.18 billion by 2014. A growing number of countries are introducing decentralization mechanism to promote more efficient service delivery, advance democratic reform, encourage economic growth, and reduce poverty. The meaning of decentralization transmits some part of the central government's powers to sub-national level. The passage into the law of the 13th Amendment to the Constitution of Sri Lanka and the Provincial Councils Act No. 42 of 1987 to satisfy that demand hailed as the most controversial codification of the 20th century in Sri Lanka. The Provincial Councils established in Sri Lanka function under the supervision of the central government, and a new service delivery system was established under the Provincial Council system to ensure widespread administrative, political, and economic transformation in Sri Lanka. The primary objective of this study is to examine the autonomy of Provincial Councils to provide a better service delivery under the intergovernmental relations in Sri Lanka. The research problem aims to identify the reason(s) for conflicts between devolved subjects in the central government and Provincial Councils, and it emphasises how that result influences the provincial level service delivery system in Sri Lanka. The study used a broad range of secondary sources and textual sources such as reports of the finance commission, central bank reports, official reports of Provincial Councils, and other government legal documents in Sri Lanka. This is a study based on period of 1988 to 2016. The results reveal that decentralization without political, administrative, and fiscal autonomy will not be successful at regional and local levels. Every Provincial Council has financial dehydration, a power struggle with the elected executive and the central government and the appointed executive, and the central government has not yet devolved the Provincial Councils on several subjects. Besides, problems have arisen over the administrative and financial management due to the intervention of the central government for Provincial Council activities. Evidently, Sri Lanka's inter-government relations fail to provide a better service delivery system, and the decentralization process in the country has revealed signs of re-centralization after the establishment of Provincial CouncilsItem Indo-Sri Lanka Trade Relations: Trend and Way Forward(19th Conference on Postgraduate Research, International Postgraduate Research Conference 2018, Faculty of Graduate Studies,University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Hettiarachchi, H.A.B.W.India and Sri Lanka have extensive links as religious, cultural, and economic historically. The economic ties between India and Sri Lanka have a long history with recorded commercial links for many centuries. During the early years of the post-independence period, both countries implemented inward-looking economic policies, but at present, India and Sri Lanka exchange tariff concessions under the South Asian Preferential Trading Arrangement (SAPTA). Despite numerous literary works on Indo-Lanka trade focused on the evolvement of trade relations between these two nations over the years, less work has dealt with its macroeconomic perspective. This paper initially examines the trend in the bilateral trade between the two countries including the major products traded descriptively. Further, it investigates the export competitiveness of Sri Lanka’s leading export in Indian market by using Revealed Comparative Advantage index (RCA). Export products are analysed based on Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) revision 4, and the index is calculated at two-digit and three-digit levels of classification from 2000 to 2015. The UN COMTRADE database and the World Development Indicates (WDI) database provided the necessary data, and the empirical results reveal the trade sector has changed dramatically over the last 15 years. The Sri Lankan exports to India consists of five major product categories at the aggregate level as Food and live animals (SITC 0), Crude materials (SITC 2), Manufactured goods classified chiefly by materials (SITC 6), Machinery and transport equipment (SITC 7), and Miscellaneous manufactured articles (SITC 8). Sri Lanka enjoys the comparative advantage of 13 product categories at SITC 3-digit level, while dominated by traditional industries. The results further denote that Sri Lanka has a comparative advantage in exports of goods which use natural resources for the productions such as agricultural output and industrial inputs. Besides, Sri Lanka enjoys a comparative advantage of export of products manufactured using standard technology and characterised by lower cost of research and development. After the period of slow growth rate in the eighties, Sri Lankan imports from India doubled in 1991, while the total imports from India to Sri Lanka has increased from 9.53 per cent to 22.5 per cent in 2015. Among the category, the bulk of Sri Lankan imports consist of three dominant product categories, i.e., Cotton yarn fabric made up, Transport equipment, and Machinery and instruments. These account for an average of over 35 per cent of Indo-Sri Lanka trade. Prospects of any trading relation depend on the ability to bring complementarity in the production process. The narrow range of products seems to plague Sri Lankan exports to India. Under this circumstance, it is essential to venture into the unexplored portion of the market through mutual cooperation and strong bilateral network, both at the micro and macro levelsItem Mindful Communication for Sustainable Development(19th Conference on Postgraduate Research, International Postgraduate Research Conference 2018, Faculty of Graduate Studies,University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Senarath, S.Now we are living in a very complicated world. We highly value economic development rather than moral development. Consequently, money has become a powerful tool when tackling social problems. Bribery, corruption, crime, mental depression of people, individualism, over-consumption, etc., have become common problems in all countries around the world. Today sustainable development has become a buss word when talking to solve the problems and issues of Asian, African and Latin American countries. Mindfulness may be a global movement today, especially in the West, where companies are offering mindfulness meditation courses for its employees to boost productivity. But this mindfulness quite far behind the concept of Mindfulness in Buddhist teachings. The mass media, including rapidly spreading social media, have become integral part of contemporary society. Although today’s advanced digital technology enables the media to reach the people rapidly, most media fail to target their content toward human development. It is quite evident that media-generated emotion has significant implications for actions and interactions within the larger social world and in practically media behavior of most countries are far behind the good development of the society. The Buddhist Majjama Patipada (Middle Path) offers a precious way to solve most of the problems. Also known as the Noble Eightfold Path, it provides a valuable roadmap to reach development goals. In the teaching of the Buddha, the Middle Path (Majjhima patipada) is not a condition between two extremes. In the teaching of the Buddha, the Middle Path (majjima patipada) is not a condition between two extremes like Daoist yin (feminine, earth, soft etc.) and yang (masculine, heaven, hard, etc) opposites or compliments. The middle path means choosing the correct one when two extremes exists, abandoning both of them. The Buddha’s Middle Path means the most effective way leading to the cessation of dukkha (un satisfactoriness) that lies between extremes of searching for happiness through the pleasures of the senses, and the other extreme searching for the same through self-mortification in different forms of asceticism. The Noble Eightfold Path is comparable to a road map. When we travel the roadmap is essential to find the correct routes to the place or places wish to visit. The Noble Eightfold Path also serves as a map that shows the path to reach the final goal in the life of a human being. One must progressively overcome all the roadblocks along the way by adhering to a disciplined set of three dimensions encompassing virtues of Sila(Morality), Samadhi(Concentration) and Panna(Wisdom). The Kalyanamitta should possess the through conviction that all universal phenomena have the mark of anicca, anatto and duke, those who belittle this understanding of reality cannot function as mindful journalistItem Conceptualization of "Southern” in Political Communication (With Special Reference to Simple Majority System)(19th Conference on Postgraduate Research, International Postgraduate Research Conference 2018, Faculty of Graduate Studies,University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Gamage, D.Political Communication has originated with the origin of the world history is the idea of most of Intellectuals. With the origin of the democracy and political parties¸ Political Campaign has become more organized, systematic and a competitive process. Politicians have tried to gain public opinion going beyond advertising or marketing․ Political campaign has become a systematic process with the use of regionalism as an advantage in gaining public opinion. When analyzing election campaigns that have conducted so far, it has been confirmed that regionalism has used in political campaigns. In this research, the use of regionalism concept called “southern” by political members was studied. Further election campaigns of the candidates, which were conducted during 1947 to 1977 as simple majority system¸ were also studied using “Dinamina” and “Lankadeepa” newspapers and 40 interviewers were conducted in order to gather date. In particular, the campaign of Mr. C.P. De Silva was studied. Based on the analysis¸ this study has proven the hypothesis and strongly found that C.P De Silva has used “Southern regionalism concept” with their election campaigns. In addition to that, it has been concluded that this down south cast concept has used by him as a strategy to attract their voters. The opposite candidates have criticized the southern regionalism concept and down south cast concept but those who represented southern province have used those criticisms in a systematic way to win their election campaign․ Therefore¸ these said two concepts have been negatively compacted on opposite candidate election campaignsItem The Measures that Were Taken by the Governmental and Non-Governmental Organizations in Sri Lanka and Germany for Sustainable Development of Senior Citizens a Comparison(19th Conference on Postgraduate Research, International Postgraduate Research Conference 2018, Faculty of Graduate Studies,University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Samanmalee, S.M.T.This research focuses on similarities and differences between measures that taken by governmental and non- governmental organizations in Sri Lanka and Germany to uplift the quality of life of the elderly population. Elders can be defined as people over the age of 60 or 65 years. As a result of the decline of morality and fertility rate, the population of senior citizens in many countries in the world have increased. The Rapid growth of elderly population in the world is becoming one of the major challenges in several fronts as social, cultural and economic. Sri Lanka as a developing country and Germany as a developed country face many social and economic challenges during the last few decades according to the change of age structure. The demographic transition may a negative impact of Sri Lanka and Germany on economic growth. With the rapid growth of the elderly generation, the whole society has a responsibility to take care of them. Especially policymakers have a huge responsibility to make policies and take actions to uplift the quality of life of the senior citizens, which is timely very necessary. The objective of this research is to examine, what are the governmental and non- governmental organizations in both countries, which are conducting welfare programs and other programs to uplift the quality of life of Senior citizens and how may these programs affect the sustainable development of the elderly? This research is based upon interviews with governmental and non-governmental organizations, observations, interviews conducted with senior citizens, visiting the organization and studying statistical data and other written articles, which are related to the research area. Also, both verbal and written questionnaires were given to obtain the necessary data for the research. According to the finding of the research, it shows significant differences between the quality of life of senior citizens in Sri Lanka and Germany. Among many differences, it highlighted a main and an important difference, which is the social security system in Germany as it covers 99 percent of the whole population, which is in Sri Lanka only a small percentage. Timely it is becoming a necessity to create and implement a better social security system for the elderly population in the country for their sustainable developmentItem Using PowerPoint Presentations to Enhance Student’s Learning: With Reference to Undergraduates of University of Kelaniya(19th Conference on Postgraduate Research, International Postgraduate Research Conference 2018, Faculty of Graduate Studies,University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) De Zoysa, H.N.PowerPoint can be used as a tool to facilitate teaching and learning. It guides students in note-taking, reinforcing points made in a lecture, and to inject occasional humor or visual reinforcement. Therefore, it helps students to learn more efficiently. But the problem is, are they using this tool to enhance their learning efficiently and effectively. The study aims to investigate the effectiveness of using power point presentations in classroom to enhance learning. Sub objectives are to examine student’s attitudes towards using PowerPoint presentations in learning and find out the strengths and weaknesses associated with using PowerPoint presentations. Fifty undergraduates from faculty of Social Sciences were randomly taken as the sample of this study. Methods such as interviews, questionnaires were used to collect primary data and magazines, books, journals and websites were used as secondary data. Data analysis was done both quantitatively and qualitatively. The analysis of the results revealed that the vast majority of students have positive attitudes towards the use of PowerPoint in the class room. This will help the students to learn this tool effectively and efficiently for their studies. SWOT analysis was done to find out the strengths and weaknesses of using PowerPoint presentations in the classroom. Moreover, it was found that PowerPoint improves the student’s learning motivation, it breaks down the daily routine of lectures and encouraging interaction between the teacher and the students. Based on the findings, it was concluded that the use of PowerPoint presentations enhances student’s learning efficiently and effectively