Abstract:
As tradition exposes, the Bodhisatta in the Tusita heaven had eight great investigations (aṭṭha
māhāvilokanāni viloketi): (1) the time of his birth, (2) the continent where he would be born,
(3) the region, (4) the family, (5) the mother, (6) the life – span, (7) the month of his birth
and (8) the time of renunciation of worldly life. Similarly some examples can be taken from
the above investigations as social preconditions for meditation. For instance, birth, growing,
learning, living and working in good social surroundings engendering occasions which encourage
one to hear, inquire and talk about meditation, suitable people, good friends, suitable
places where one meets virtuous and disciplined monks and nuns, etc. are wholesome social
prerequisites of immense significance. It is in such social surroundings that a person happens
to meet in day to day life or associate a good friend who leads a moral and spiritual life.
A spiritual friend (kalyāṇamitta) or a good teacher or the giver of a meditation subject, good
devotees, good family members, social ethics, wholesome social relations, less social problems
and conflicts, wholesome religious, cultural, economic and social conditions, righteous
governance etc. are social prerequisites that contribute to the development of meditational
practice. As elaborated in the Sambodhi Sutta, the association of admirable friends is the first
among the social prerequisites that lead a beginner or novice disciple whose mind is immature
to the development of self-awakening.
The Six things which are conducive to communal living (sārāṇīyā dhammā) mentioned in
the Sangīti Sutta are also wholesome social prerequisites that contribute to peaceful co-existence
which, in turn, favours mental development. Monks dwelling both in public and private
show loving-kindness to their fellow monks in acts of body, speech and thought, share with
their virtuous fellow monks whatever they receive as a rightful gift including the contents
of their alms-bowls, keep constantly, unbroken and unaltered the rules of conduct which are
spotless, leading to freedom, praised by the wise, unstained and conducive to concentration,
persist with their fellow monks both in public and private, remain in such awareness with
their fellow monks and continue in the noble view that leads to liberation to the utter elimination
of suffering.
