Social Sciences
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Item South Asian Regionalism need to be Reinvigorate; A Study on SAARC(2nd International Studies Students’ Research Symposium – 2018, Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Jayasinghe, N.D.Regionalism is one of the prominent phenomenon in modern International politics. Focusing to the South Asian region, South Asia is the world’s most densely populated region with the richest varieties of natural resources and consist of eight countries namely India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Bhutan, Nepal, Bangladesh and Afghanistan .with the intention of promoting the concept of regional cooperation South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) has been established in 1985 with the main concerns to fulfill the Socio economics and political intentions of member states. In the three decades of its existence SAARC unable to fulfill its promises to the region and the research aims to find out the ineffectiveness of SAARC and to evaluate necessity of proper functioning regional organization to the South Asia. By referring to the qualitative data which was collected from both printed and electronic documents which including Books journals, webs and present periodicals it was founded that law intra-regional trade and infrastructure, poverty, issues in South Asian Free Trade Agreement (SAPTA) and South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA), Ineffective role on counter terrorism and human rights issues were evidences to prove that SAARC was an elusive regional organization and bilateral political issues among member countries ,strategic dissonance, domestic conflicts, economic disparities and economic and political relations of member states with extra regional powers were the factors that affect for the ineffectiveness of SAARC. Analysis done between elusive nature and impediments to the elusive nature of SAARC it was recognize that south Asian regionalism needs to be reinvigorate and power balance among the member states, diplomatic and new economic strategies can be used to strengthen the regionalism in south Asia and following up a common road map of political and economic integration is the most suitable mechanism to success the concept of regionalism in South AsiaItem The Economic Impact of Multinational Corporations on the Developing Countries: with special reference to South Asia(2nd International Studies Students’ Research Symposium – 2018, Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Wickramasinghe, W.M.M.D.Multinational Corporations (MNCs) play an important role in the contemporary global economy. Therefore, it is a major issue in the process of economic development, especially in developing countries. The term "MNC” which includes corporations operating on the international and transnational level. Historically, MNCs are closely linked with colonialism and imperialism. In addition, MNCs originate in the industrialized countries and they have become the buzzword of globalization. Hence, this research explores the impact of MNCs effects on the economic situation of developing countries. The analysis is based on the case study with the selected sample; Unilever in Sri Lanka, Coca-Cola in India, KFC in Pakistan, and Chevron (petroleum industry) in Bangladesh. This research uses secondary data in order to identify economic effects and economic development by MNCs in developing countries, especially in South Asia. Moreover, it concerns host countries policy towards MNCs. As per the findings, developing countries adopted more open policies towards MNCs during the 1980s. Therefore, MNCs enter host countries by using different strategies such as FDI. Further, they always are profit-oriented and enjoy command over enormous financial resources for investment and their entry into developing countries make a transfer of funds from developed countries to developing countries. They generate employment, increase national income, and improve the managerial standards and entrepreneurial abilities of the host countries. However, they earn higher incomes, but the consumption of improved quality goods and services to people in poorer regions. Contrariwise, MNCs activities displace local producers and spoil small domestic enterprises. Because MNCs maintain huge cost for marketing more than production. Further, they do not give chance to any other domestic company to compete with them. Because they control the global economic market. In conclusion, this study highlights more benefits and relationship between MNCs and economic growth and development of developing countries. Therefore, the economic involvement of MNCs is important to South Asian countries as a developing regionItem Regional Cooperation in South Asia: Problems and Prospects(4th International Conference on Social Sciences 2018, Research Centre for Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Dr. Raju, T.N.The 21th century is a century of integration wherein man-made barriers were shattered. The significant trend of recent international relations is the trend towards regionalism. This is driven by the urgency of channelling national resources to provide a sense of protection in a divided and war-threatened world. At the same time, the necessity for regional cooperation was felt in view of the pulls and pressures exerted on nations to drive together in contemporary phase of world politics. The objective of regional cooperation is to enhance each member state’s security, economic growth and cultural harmonization. Prior to the 1950s and the 1960s, most of the Asian region was a single entity and after the end of colonialism in this region it was divided into multiple sovereign states. This new arrangement has resulted in creating tariff barriers, slow progress in intra-regional trade, continuous armed conflicts and negligible cross-cultural cooperation. But after the formation of South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) and dawning of the global financial crisis, and continuous onslaught of natural calamities of epic proportions, such as Tsunami and earthquakes in the region high growth in South Asia cannot be sustained without better management of natural disasters and regional public goods. Benefits of regional cooperation in water and climate change would be immense in South Asia. From the Himalayas, where glacier melt is already changing water flows in ways that remain to be understood, to the coastal floodplains of Bangladesh and Pakistan, South Asian countries need to adapt to climate change. South Asia needs to strengthen regional governance institutions. This is vital for managing the provision of regional public goods, and management of common pool resources. Regional cooperation initiatives could unlock the growth benefit of South Asia’s geography and people, consistent with improved management of regional public goods. Better regional cooperation can also contribute to reducing regional conflicts, which will remove an important long-term constraint to growth. Further, to acquire better bargaining powers vis-à-vis in world forums like the World Trade Organization (WTO), where they face steep competition from other regional blocs like the European Union (EU), the South Asian nations have to make an attempt to rise above their mutual differences and cooperate at the regional-level to have effective solutions to these problems. In the light of above, this paper discusses South Asian regionalism with its future prospects followed by its current issues and opportunitiesItem Rethinking South Asian Integration: An Analysis on Challenges and Prospects of Regional Economic Integration in South Asia.(1st International Studies Students’ Research Symposium-2017 (ISSRS 2017) ,Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2017) Abeyrathne, D.M.L.K.Regional Integration is a process of overcoming barriers that divide neighbouring countries, by common accord, and of jointly managing shared resources and assets. Essentially, it is a process by which groups of countries liberalize trade, creating a common market for goods, people, capital and services. Realizing its importance, the South Asian region has also embarked upon various processes of regional economic integration. The aim of this study is to identify those challenges and prospects of regional economic integration in South Asia which is fraught with difficulties, especially due to a lack of understanding about the very economics of regional economic integration. South Asian regional integration is seemingly confronting many challenges. Although regional integration in South Asia has adopted a kind of institutionalization, it is yet to deliver any concrete outcome. The study is basically based on secondary data collected from different reliable sources of published journals, reports and websites. Throughout the analysis process prevailing barriers have been scrutinized on the basis of which a set of recommendations have been made. Thus, this is dwells upon some of the conceptual issues pertaining to regional economic cooperation in general and specific to the South Asian region. It also documents the progress made in SAARC, the SAFTA trade liberalization and associated mechanisms alongside the nature of safeguards provided for. High-politics and the not-so-conducive regional economic structures hinder any effectual culmination. However, constructivism, as a theory, is given due credence in this study when looking for future prospects. The study highlights the issues, and attempts to offer certain policy directions by analyzing the challenges and identifying the prospects in the on-going integration process. In this respect, developmental perspectives of safeguards are put forth. Some fresh insights on the status of SAARC trade integration process in a dynamic setting are also brought out. The study also highlights the potentials for deeper economic integration in the region. Finally, the study makes an objective assessment of the regional integration process and identifies certain structural constraints that have important policy-implications.Item China, India and the Balance of Power in South Asia: with Reference to Sri Lanka’s Position(Department of Economics, University of Kelaniya, 2016) Madanayaka, S.A.K.Since the ancient period, India is Sri Lanka’s closest neighbor due to the geographical location as well as religious and cultural links between the two countries. Recently, China also becomes a close friend of Sri Lanka mainly in commercial ties. Despite of Sri Lanka, in Indian Ocean there is a competitive rivalry in between the two Asian giants, India and China. The main objective of the study is “to identify the position of Sri Lanka in between the rivalry among Indian and China in South Asia”. Specially, the objective of the study want to find out the policy that Sri Lanka should follow in conducting firm relations with the both countries. The methodology that has used for the study is qualitative in nature and only based on secondary data. And descriptive analysis used for the analyzing part. According to the study, for Sri Lanka Indian as well as China both are significantly important in their sustainable development. Recently, even though China has became the in the first place of financial supporter, India also assist Sri Lanka especially after the humanitarian operation. In order to maintain the role of Sri Lanka in between the rivalry between the rivalry if the two Asian giants in South Asia, Sri Lanka need to maintain a neutral position in conducting relations with both India and China. The most important factor is that the Indian is the most immediate neighbor rather than China to Sri Lanka.