Social Sciences

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Transitional Justice in Displacements
(Research Centre for Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Muthukumar, J.
The concept of transitional justice emerged in the 1980s, in addressing human rights violations, particularly related to the civil and political rights, post-conflict issues, and political transitions towards democratisation. It is also subjected to expand in various contexts, particularly in the context of massive displacements due to the armed conflicts or other disasters. Transitional Justice is the set of measures that can be implemented to ‘redress the legacies’ of any human rights violations in the course of armed conflict. The ‘redress the legacies’ is generally understood as the enhancement of the human rights norms, which were systematically violated in the course of war. Transitional justice is also the implementation of other measures such as criminal prosecutions, reparation, restitution programs, truth telling initiatives, investigation on the reports of past abuses, and the reformation of justice-sensitive security system which transform the military, police, and judiciary responsible for the past violations. The purpose of this holistic approach is to provide recognition for the victims, foster civil trust and promote reconciliation. The expansion and the implementation of the transitional justice are always expected to be addressed adequately by understanding the conceptual and practical interlinks between the work of practitioners and policy makers in the context of displacement. It is the success of such understanding, the UN revised the Framework on Durable Solution for IDPs in December 2009, which currently includes sections regarding the access to transitional justice and other remedies. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the reasons for the displacements in human rights perspective, in the framework of transitional justice, and evaluate the capacity of transitional justice measures in engaging displaced persons’ concerns, by identifying the linkage between transitional justice measures and the influence of displacement actors. This paper attempts to further evaluate, how transitional justice can be conceptually fit within the coherent approach of displacement, in a broader perspective.
Internet and Law (Special reference to Sri Lanka)
(2015) Jayasekara, A.H.D.
The Internet or most commonly referred net is one of the most amazing invention of human race. The Internet can be known as a kind of global meeting place where people from all parts of the world can come together & share information. Castells define network as “Network is a set of inter connected nodes. Nodes may be relevance to the network”. (Castells, 2009, p.19). The benefits people can reap by using the Internet is massive. Due to the rapid expansion of the Internet common mass get the assistance of Internet more and more in to their day to day life Another significant feature of the internet is not only it has abundant of rewards; it also consists of plentiful of disadvantages also. Advent of the internet crate a new path to the criminals to commit crimes. Traditional laws were not adequate to curb these complicated crimes. Hacking, virus, Identification theft, unauthorized access to the restricted information, Trojan, are some of so called sophisticated cyber felonies. The internet is a global network, so its regulation could not be left to the one country or an institute, collaborative effort is a must for prevent the internet crime. US department of Commerce. (Castells, 2009, p113) This research studied the Sri Lankan Cyber laws and international laws about cyber space and cybercrimes. Further it proposed a mechanism on curbing the internet crimes. Major limitation identified on this research was lack of effective law to protect Human rights in the cyber space in Sri Lanka. Objectives are refer cyber laws in Sri Lanka and studied selected cases related to cybercrime in Sri Lanka. Further it Suggest new solution to protect the human rights through the malicious usage of the Internet.
Human Rights in the Corporate Sector: Applicability of the UN Norms in the Context of Sri Lanka
(University of Kelaniya, 2005) Nilakshan, S.; Rajapakse, B.
‘Human Rights’ is an amorphous and dynamic subject, which addresses issues concerning the rights of each and every individual in the society. States have the primary obligation to protect human rights but the Universal Declaration of Human Rights demands that human rights shall be ‘respected, recognised and observed’ by ‘every organ of society’. The UN has developed a set of “Norms on the Responsibilities of Transnational Corporations and other Business Enterprises with regard to Human Rights”, which seek to clarify what adherence to different rights should entail in practice for companies. This research tends to assess the extent of awareness and concern in the Sri Lankan corporate sector on the need to incorporate promotion and protection of human rights into their business policies relating to Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR). The study also analyses the preference of the corporate sector and policymakers on whether the set of voluntary guidelines or a compulsory compliance mechanism should be in place for the promotion and protection of human rights in the corporate sector. In the process of data collection, different business stakeholders were interviewed and a questionnaire was distributed among senior management level employees in the corporate sector to obtain their views and preferences. Additionally, annual reports of selected public companies were also perused. The UN Human Rights Norms for Business was used as the conceptual framework to compare and analyse the existing practices in the Sri Lankan corporate sector and the applicability of the Norms in the context of Sri Lanka. The study found that, though members of the Sri Lankan corporate sector are not very familiar with the recent initiatives of the UN Human Rights Norms for Business, they have realised the importance of ensuring the rights of the community and the employees in their business operations. So that, they have already voluntary taken many initiatives for the protection of the human rights enumerated in the UN Norms for business sector.

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