Social Sciences
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Item Interconnected Linkage between Migration and Rural Poverty(2nd International Studies Students’ Research Symposium – 2018, Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Dilhani, G.K.N.Migration and poverty have become critical development issues in the contemporary world. For many poor people around the world migration is a way of life. But globalization has radically modified the scale of migration. Now people are more aware of opportunities beyond. Poverty is a main problem and irrefragable question in contemporary world. That is the major burning problem in Sri Lanka and entire world. Poverty forced to migration as a way of livelihood. Migration is the movement of people from one place to another. Migration can both cause and be caused by poverty. Poverty can be decrease as well as stimulate by migration. Similarly, migration can increase or decrease inequality. Rural poverty is the main layer of the poverty. Migration becomes widespread with remittances, skills gained, and opening up of new opportunities begins to benefit poorer households. Migration can give influential benefit for poor people in the rural area. Then their increase incomes, leads to new skills, improve social status and improve quality of life. Therefore, migration directly or indirectly reduces poverty especially in rural area. Most of the rural areas are suffering from poverty. Step by step Sri Lanka followed migration process as a way of occupation. Then this was a phenomenon of rural development also economic development. There is an interconnected linkage. To reduce poverty, they embrace migration as a main solution in rural area. This research will be focused on the effect of rural poverty on migration. The main objectives of this study are to identify various information of poverty in Sri Lanka and to examine the impact of migration on reducing poverty in Sri Lanka and finally to suggest solutions reduce the poverty with migration in Sri Lanka. For this research purposed both primary and secondary data. Primary data will be collected from selected Grama Niladhari division through interviewing. Data analyzed using descriptive statistics method. After the 30 years’ war we are finding a sustainable economic situation to this country. Hence it is very hard process to apply with rural poverty. Poverty becomes a complex societal issue around the worldItem Reading Habit of Engineering Students: A Case Study of RRS College of Engineering & Technology Hyderabad.(Department of Library and Information Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya,Sri Lanka., 2017) Narayana, L.A.; Chinnasamy, K.Reading is considered as the most essential and necessary for the overall development of a human being. However a rapid change in technology, globalization and a change in the requirement of youngsters, increasing importance of various social net working sites, entertainment sites, television and too much usage of mobile phones and tabs causes decline in reading habit in young generation especially engineering students who has hands on experience in handling various modern digital technologies This paper tries to attempt to know the reading habit of young undergraduate engineering students of RRS College of Engineering & Technology Hyderabad a leading self financed educational institute to identify the trends in the reading habit, to trace out the major trends and analyze the reading habits of the students, to know and analyze the influence of internet and smart phones and Television. The activities of students are analyzed based on their inputs to find out how the reading habits are affected by various factors. Based on the findings the suitable recommendations are made to improve the reading habit of young students.Item Global Challenges to Development: An Analysis of the Strategic Interest of the United States in South Asia(Research Centre for Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Madanayake, V.; Wijayabahu, K.This research intends to rethink the United States Defense Strategy towards South Asia after September 2001 terrorist attack to find out whether it was to combat terrorism as stipulated in US Documents or whether it had and continue to have other intentions. It was hypothesized that, the policy of the US was a complex item comprised of diverse objectives and emotions, although the declared policy was the prevention of terrorism. The method of the research was qualitative, multifaceted and ethnographic. In the process, the researcher made an interaction with the interviewees graded into their coverage and such information were juxtaposed against the documentary data available in relevant statistical analysis and literature review. The latter part of this research presents the relevant interventions and defense action that followed. Most international critics are of opinion that, the intervention in Afghanistan was not intended, only for combating terrorism. Rather, it was a strategic operation by the USA to expand their power in South Asia. Although, there were contradictions between preventing terrorist activities and promoting development simultaneously, this activity was in operation until today. Whenever the US felt that their interests were at risk, US policies became more aggressive. The world in the domain of International Relations is growing towards multi-polarity. The US and other super powers are in competition for power in order to preserve their own hegemonies. Applying currently accepted theories did not explain these complex motives. This research has traced the historical path of its implementation and presented the data that substantiate the hypothesis which indicate to the multiple nature of the intervention into South Asia. Some of the intentions do deem long term. In this way, this research has found that extending the political hegemony of continuing Super Power control in South Asia and, the parallel structural adjustment to capitalism as the world’s economic ideology. This research has found that Political Equality, Social Opportunity, Economic Liberty, Acceptance of Human Rights for Self-advancement and Self-actualization were a part of the undeclared ideological change expected by the US in its broader objectives. This rethinking and reinterpretation of the US defense strategy over South Asia is very much relevant to policy makers of Sri Lanka.Item Globalization and the Developmental Role of a State: The Sri Lankan Experience from its Independence to date(Research Centre for Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Kanchana, D.G.National states have to manage their developmental activities by responding to globalization. Globalization is not a totally new thing which has come far away from the state and its behavior. It is also a result of states’ activities. But, states and their developments have been threatened by the globalization. Actually, globalization opens windows for lifting up the levels of states in a positive way by making opportunities such as technology improvements, collectivism, providing aids, knowledge sharing, etc. It also opens the windows for threats towards states’ development. This study was focuses on this issue and there were two main objectives; firstly; to identify the role which is played by the state of Sri Lanka in managing its development in an increasingly globalized world from its independence in 1948 to date and secondly; to find out the challenges which are being faced by the state in Sri Lanka in managing its development with global impacts. The study is based on qualitative approach and by using the content analysis method; secondary data collected from the sources such as published books, journal articles, websites and government’s reports. One can conclude that the global process is biased towards the developed world whereas developing countries like Sri Lanka faces enormous troubles. The Sri Lanka has taken many steps to develop its capacity as a prerequisite to the development, i.e. enabling an environment for doing businesses (its business density recorded as 0.51 by 2012) and use of e-governance in curbing corruptions. Globalization and its means sometimes lead to internal political struggles since the party politics and their political agendas are shaped by them. Due to the contextual mismatching of the reforms’ initiatives which were introduced by the donors, the country has lost its conventional administrative framework too. Sri Lanka has become a fragile state through the economic liberalization policies―e.g. the country has lost the indigenous strength of the stock market and it cannot bear the sudden market failures which always happen in the international market.Item Towards fundamentalism: globalization, moral order and the case of Iran(Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2015) Lecamwasam, N.O.; Gunasekera, O.D.A.Globalization is a multi-faceted phenomenon that causes the steady erosion of political, cultural and economic boundaries of nations by facilitating an increasingly uniform world system. Culturally, globalization expects to substitute traditional and allegedly parochial cultural practices with so called progressive values which just happen to coincide with western ones. However, cultural globalization is not a simple matter of replacing one culture with another. The glaring incompatibilities between tradition and modernity have resulted in the stiff rejection of a global order by fiercely traditional societies for whom compromising their identity is not an option, thus making global culture a far-fetched dream. Iran stands as a classic example of such resistance. Despite its initial endorsement of modern American values during the Pahlavi regime, the country prioritized the preservation of conservative values after the Islamic Revolution in 1979. With the aim of discovering the connection between globalization and religious fundamentalism, the paper explores cultural and religious underpinnings of Iran’s transformation that collectively manifested themselves as an anti-globalization movement that regarded globalization as corrupt and extravagant, qualities with which the existing monarchy was identified. The turn to Islam was thus necessitated to preserve pristine Iranian values which were viewed as the essential anti-thesis of globalization. Using secondary sources including books and web articles, the paper takes a historical approach to Iran’s case and concentrates on the growing antipathy of traditional societies towards globalization which makes them cling to their familiar value systems ever more staunchly. In conclusion it argues that Iran’s value system cannot be considered backward simply because it is incompatible with that of the West. It does not arrest development in an absolute sense but simply offends the prospect of a global model of development which, after all, is only the ultimate measure of development in the eyes of the West.