Social Sciences
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Item Gender Variation and Implementation ICT of Information Services.(Department of Library and Information Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya,Sri Lanka., 2017) Aravind, S.; Chinnasamy, K.This study examined the gender variation and the implementation of ICT of information services provided in Engineering College in Din Digul Region in Tamilnadu, India. The present study demonstrates and elaborates the primary the purpose of using ICT enabled library services, to assess to what extent users are utilized ICT based library services and facilities. The paper also determines the satisfaction level of users regarding research work, online database services and infrastructure facilities. Most of the students use the information service for education purposes and for checking website. 64 percentages of the respondents are male and 36 percentages of the respondents are Female. 81 (37.5%) of the respondents are using the information systems for studying purpose. 93 respondents spend one hour for the website usage. 80 (37.04%) of the respondents are accessing at night only. The co-efficient correction positive and their relationship are perfect for the implementation and helps to save space. It is clear that there are numerous factors that hinder Gender equity in the implementations of Information Technology sector. Some of the factors are intertwined; i.e. the impacts of one factor directly affect another factor, which consequently affects the female imbalance towards Information Technology related careers. On the other hand, these problems can be addressed by application of the counter measures elucidated. In fact, the use of these solutions cannot eradicate this imbalance completely. As many efforts to eradicate the obstacles are attempted, more barriers emerge. It is therefore concluded that it should be a gradual process. Minimal barriers are expected in the end.Item Effect of Gender in ICT Literacy: A Case Study of Sri Lankan Trainee Teachers(Department of Library and Information Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Amarathunga, P.A.B.H.; Pathiratne, S.; Weerasinghe, D.The exordium of information and communication technology (ICT) into the scholastic sector engendered incipient gregarious typecasts and gender divergences. Since the invention of a computer, ICT-cognate activities have been viewed as a male domain (Brosnan& Davidson, 1996) or something for boys Reinen&Plomp, 1996). As several research reviews and meta analyses summarized, boys were more fascinated with ICT than girls, they were heavier users of computers, had more positive postures about computers and consequently outperformed girls in their ICT literacy (Reinen&Plomp, 1996; Volman& Eck, 2001). However, a number of recent studies evidenced that ICT-cognate distinctions between females and males abated mainly in the access to ICT and rudimental computer skills (Busch, 1995; Rainer, Laosethakul, &Astone, 2003). Meanwhile, gender inequalities now emerged in incipient areas of ICT use (Rainer et al., 2003). In Sri Lankan Context this study is the first one.This study aims to get an insight into gender differences of aspiring edifiers. Gender differences in self-reported ICT experience and ICT literacy among trainee edifiers are investigated. Dynamic model of ICT literacy is employed. Three main components of aspiring teacher’s ICT literacy are covered: (1) present general quandary-solving and technical ICT capabilities; (2) circumstantial and longitudinal sustainability; and (3) transferability of ICT capabilities into future professional domain. The study was predicated on self-assessment research methodology. The questionnaire coalesced multiple quantification implements and included seven components. The participants were the first year students at one of the Colleges of Edification in Western Province of Sri Lanka. Two hundred and seventeen students were enrolled in the program: Male and Female occupation was 66 (30.4%) and 151 (69.6%) respectively.Findings denote that no consequential differences were found between females and males’ precedent experience with ICT. Male respondents on mediocre operated computers considerably more hours per week than females. Consequential distinctions between males and female’s technical ICT capabilities and circumstantial and longitudinal sustainability were observed. Male marks were greater. In the regression analysis, when the influence of the contextual and ICT experience variables was controlled, gender failed to be a consequential presager of the sustainability scores. However, it remained a consequential prognosticator of some trainee edifier’s scores, cognate to their technical ICT capabilities.Item A Critical Review of Gender differences in Decision Making in workplace: A Case Study(Research Centre for Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) De Zoysa, H.N.‘Gender’ One of today’s most important identity markers. It is defined by FAO as ‘the relations between men and women, both perceptual and material. Gender is not determined biologically, as a result of sexual characteristics of either women or men, but is constructed socially. It is a central organizing principle of societies and often governs the processes of production and reproduction, consumption and distribution’. Both men and women play an important role as decision-makers in the workplace. With the increasing number of women in decision making positions, it is useful to know how they differ from men in leadership and communication styles. This is the main objective of the research, and the secondary objectives are to examine the efficiency and effectiveness of decision-making by women and to identify the challenges they have to face at the workplace. There are even gender differences in decision-making with regard to ethical issues. 100 employees were randomly taken as the sample of this study. Methods such as interviews and questionnaires were used to collect primary data and magazines, books, journals and web sites were used as secondary data. The data analysis was done both quantitatively and qualitatively. The findings reveal that women are much more interested in relationships than tasks. Men prefer to build relationships as they are doing the task. In terms of communication, women not only like to discuss things, but non-verbal communication may be included in the process. Men approach moral issues looking at individual rights and considering what is just and fair . Women approach them with caring and compassion and constantly consider relationships . It is difficult to say which is more ethical, but a combination of both tends to give more creative solutions and is generating more useful results over the longterm in organizations .Item Gender Inequality in Sri Lanka(Department of Economics, University of Kelaniya, 2016) Gunawardane, D.S.W.Gender equality is both a core concern and an essential part of human development. However, in no society do women yet enjoy the same opportunities as men. They work longer hours and they are paid less, both in total and pro rate. Their choices as to how they spend their time, in both work and leisure, are more constrained than they are for men. These disparities generate substantial gaps between how much women and men can contribute to society, and how much they respectively share in its benefits. As a conceptual tool, gender is used to highlight various structural relationships of inequality between men and women as manifested in the labour markets, income, economic resources, education and training. Discrimination is especially obvious in political leadership and decision-making positions and in economic top management. The objective of this study was to analyse how gender inequality indicate that different dimensions in Sri Lankan context. Study was based on secondary data gathered from literature survey which are directly related to the issues addressed in this study. The study was revealed that disadvantage and marginalization of women and discrimination against them is a global phenomenon. Everywhere in the world, there are still considerable differences in living conditions and upward social mobility opportunities between men and women due to unequal factors. In Sri Lankan context traditional women have much less social, economic, political and domestic power than men. However, they have played considerable role inside the family as homemakers. Especially rural women spend much time every day on agricultural and domestic tasks. However, after the independent, successive governments have invested heavily in education, health, and welfare programmes. As a result, both men and women enjoy relatively high standards in health and education. From this view, the status of Sri Lankan women has been changed last few decades. Though, poor women are facing several problems due to unequal factors of political participation, labour force participation and decision-making process. To overcome those disparities mobilization of women as equal partners in all developmental process therefore needs the priority attention of policy makers.Item An Inferential Study of the Impact of Gender on Intimate Partner Violence among Undergraduates (With references to University of Kelaniya)(Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2015) Hettige, N.Intimate partner violence (IPV) is considered a public health problem with physical, sexual and psychological consequences. The present study examined the prevalence of various forms of intimate partner violence among undergraduates at University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka. Moreover, this report mainly examined the impact of biological gender differences on intimate partner violence victimization considering different forms of intimate partner violence, likewise, physical abuse, sexual abuse, psychological abuse and verbal abuse. Present study aims to describe the Gender Impact on prevalence of IPV among romantic Heterosexual partners studying in Social Sciences Faculty of University of Kelaniya. A pre-tested self- administered questionnaire on physical, sexual, psychological, and verbal abuse was given to 30 consenting undergraduates‟ couples, who are involved in heterosexual romantic relationship with the same partner for at least 06 months. Confidentiality of responses was assured and adequate privacy was provided for the questionnaires to be completed. Furthermore, the impact of gender on Intimate Partner Violence was analyzed using independent t-test and prevalence of victimization was ranked using mean averages. Majority of the 60(100%) participants were reported some form of violence victimization by their partner. Prevalence of abuse reported was psychological abuse 29.65%, verbal abuse 24.04%, physical abuse 23.34% and sexual abuse 22.95%. Although, from the analysis of the study it was shown that there is a high level of psychological abuse victimization as well as verbal abuse victimization among women than men which was appropriate in Sri Lankan environment. Conversely, there was no significant impact between gender and physical abuse or sexual abuse victimization within the Sri Lankan context. However, there was a significant difference in the level of IPV between males & female. Conclusion, Psychological, verbal and minor physical & sexual violence victimization is common in opposite-sex romantic relationships during early-adulthood. The sex-specific associations between socio-demographic characteristics like Gender and patterns of intimate partner violence victimization underscore the importance of pursuing longitudinal, theory- driven investigations of the characteristics and developmental histories of both partners in a couple to advance understanding of this public health problem. And as an advantage it will help undergraduates to improve their self-esteem and self-growth. Moreover mutual understanding between couples will enhance their healthy partner relationship bonds.Item Looking at rural poverty and aid effectiveness through gender: a case of rural Sri Lanka(Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2014) Rodrigo, ChaturaSri Lanka is a middle income country with a gross domestic production of about $ 50 billion. The human development index places Sri Lanka at the 97th position. Gender Inequality Index (GII) rank Sri Lanka at 74. The Gini index has reduced from 46 in 1995 to 40.3 in 2007; however, the economic inequalities are severe among rural areas. There is a significant discrepancy between the gender in terms of economic opportunities and economic status. The majority of Sri Lanka‟s workforce resides in rural areas and is engaged in agricultural activities. A significant share of the agricultural production is still used for self-sufficiency. Economic performance and poverty are not evenly spread across the nine provinces in Sri Lanka and serious regional disparities exist. Despite the many interventions by donor community and the government, there is a growing debate on the effectiveness of these aids on reducing the poverty of the rural Sri Lanka and the disparities among male and female headed households. This study looked at Uva and North Central provinces where the poverty rates are extremely high while donor interventions on poverty reduction are high as well. Results have suggested that while the short term livelihood interventions have been successful the long term interventions have not created significant impacts in reducing the poverty. There are disparities among the women headed households in receiving the livelihood supports both short and long term. While male headed households are more successful in utilizing long term livelihood support to come out of poverty, female headed households have failed to do so.