Social Sciences
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Item International Humanitarian Law in Civil Wars: A Case Study on Sri Lanka(2nd International Studies Students’ Research Symposium – 2018, Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Gabadage, D.S.S.The ideology of “war” is a realm that we experience since the very beginning of our civilization. It has developed for years by taking into account the needs, interests, developments and changing behaviours of people. However, the war is widely construed as intrinsically evil. And in contrast, war is an inevitable scenario of the international system. But with the changing interests of humans and states, the nature of wars differs from international armed conflicts to non-international armed conflicts. Therefore in order to regulate the occurrence and certain conducts during a war, the international community has established a system of legal regulations called international humanitarian law covering major areas of war from the beginning until the end. This study is based on how the international humanitarian law is applicable in the context of the civil war in Sri Lankan. This aims to give a descriptive and broad conception of international humanitarian law, its branches and its applicability in internal armed conflicts. Primarily in the context of civil wars. And also, this study discusses the major allegations of war crimes regarding the civil war in Sri Lanka and evaluates the applicability of the above humanitarian regulations giving special reference to conventions adopted by Sri Lanka. This qualitative study is primarily based on information collected from reports, journal articles, news items and other collections of surveys done by international organizations, non-governmental organizations and other State bodies. Thus, this study intends to bridge the gap between theoretical and practical aspects of international humanitarian law focusing on the civil war issues in Sri LankaItem Picturing the Sri Lankan War: A Study on the Practice of War Reporting and Photojournalism(4th International Conference on Social Sciences 2018, Research Centre for Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Madushanka, H.A.G.Photojournalism is a form of journalism that employs images in news reporting. In conflict reporting, the news value of a photo is high. A photo speaks louder than words and war-related news always has a high demand in journalism. In order to examine the picturing of war reporting in Sri Lanka, covering the last period of the 30-year-old civil war, war photographs that were published in daily newspapers from 2nd April 2009 to 22nd May 2009 were selected. The selected all daily national newspapers were in Sinhala, English and Tamil languages. Altogether 1928 pictures from 10 national daily newspapers were analysed. There is a lack of front-line action war photographs and war art photographs published in newspapers. Tamil newspapers published a minimum number of photographs, which amounted to 15% total published photographs about war. Photographs were published 26.2% by the Sri Lanka Army media and the Defence Ministry and 35.2% photographs were published without photographer’s name. The source of those photographs seems to be army media or defence ministry. Altogether 61.4% Photographs published from Sri Lankan army or the Defence Ministry. Newspapers reported Sri Lankan civil war from single perspective using the photographs provided by the above-mentioned sources. In this case, Newspapers have broken the fundamental ethical framework of reporting. Thus, the news photographs report by Sri Lankan newspapers can be considered as a totally one-sided depiction of the war. They report the story using the photographs who given them one part of the war. The contribution by newspaper reporters and provincial reporters was very low. The three-decade war ended. But the quality of photojournalism was below the standards