Social Sciences
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Item A Study of Senake Bandaranayake Classification Scheme for the Archaeology and Related Disciplines(Department of Library and Information Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Rathnabahu, R.M.N.There are two types of classifications, one is the general classification scheme which covers all subjects while the special classification scheme which covers a subject or single subject bundle. Above general classification schemes apply in general libraries like university, public, national and so on where as special libraries tend to use special classification schemes. Single subject based or special libraries are facing many problems when using general schemes. However due to several reasons, special libraries have to use general classification schemes. Therefore, the principal purpose of this paper is to study a special collection namely, SenakeBandaranayake Classification scheme (SBC) introduced to the Library of the Postgraduate Institute of Archaeology (PGIAR), Sri Lanka. The SBC is simple, usable and special library classification system. Neither the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) nor the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) are suitable for classifying an archaeological collection. Therefore, late Prof SenekeBandaranayake developed this system in classifying the archaeology and its related subject materials.Later this PGIAR Classification System was named as a SenakeBandaranayake Classification by the Senior Assistant Librarian of the Postgraduate Institute of Archaeology (PGIAR) in year 2010 in honor of his devotional dedication to the development of this system. Forth version of SBC system is currently using at present and it was edited on 30th December 1995. The SBC organizes library materials by three main classes namely, General Subjects (A), Archeology (B) and Region or country specific material (C). The notations in section A and section B are purely non numerical. Letters of the English language are used as symbols. The two major sections namely, A and B are subdivided into board subject areas by addition of a second letter to the notation. Further subdivisions have indicated by the third letter notation. Decimal uses for creating further divisions. Following example will described the situation; B- Archaeology, BC-Techniques, BCB.Ex-Excavations. Third category section C, are assigned a numerical notation of four digits. Further specification is achieved by division of the whole number in a hierarchical pattern i.e 3608 Sri Lanka. These area numbers are combined the classification numbers of either section A and B as appropriate i.e “Sri Lankan Philosophy” is classified as 3608 AC. Rules and regulations and guidelines for classification are incorporated in main volume to make numbers. Further, Index to SBC also available. SBC is able to accommodate new subjects. No tables are indicated.This is overall classification system and not for all divisions and subdivisions have been finalized. These will be developed as the collection grows. Currently The Libraries of PGIAR, the Central Cultural Fund and Department of Archaeology are using this system.Item Visualizing invisible: use of GIS in settlement archaeology in Sri Lanka, a case study in Lower Kirindi Oya Basin(University of Kelaniya, 2005) Fernando, R.Ancient Landscapes are a key unit of study in archaeology. Landscape is a complex entity that included in a given environment. Archaeologists concern about the cultural landscapes. Cultural landscape is a manmade phenomenon. Different societies perceive their environments through the perspectives delineated by their cultural norms. Therefore the cultural landscape changes frequently. Archaeologists obtain the aid of artificial intelligence to confront the challenges of reconstructing ancient cultural landscapes. Notably the uses of GIS based computer application in archaeology have reflected a great potential in this regard. To depict the changing facets of the ancient landscape needs abstract models. These models are based on the cognitive capacity of the observe and the technical sophistication of the computer software. A GIS application was conducted to re construct the changing cultural landscape of the lower Kirindi Oya basin in the Hambanthota District. 300km2 area around the Tissamaharama town was exploded. As a result, 127 archaeological sites have been discovered. Subsequent analysis shows that those sites represent a period of nearly two millennia from 900 BCE to 1400 CE. During this period the geographical distribution of the settlement has considerably changed. Human activities have influenced to change the natural landscape of the area in high degree intensity. Constructions of two irrigation dams across Kirindi Oya in early first millennium CE caused a negative impact to the ecology resulting the complete disappearance of the tributaries of Kirindi Oya.The present paper seeks to describe the conceptualization and the application of the reconstruction of the cultural landscape of the past 2000 years in the lower Kirindi Oya basin. Virtual archaeology is a new filed that combines archaeology and computer to reconstruct of the past. It can be used numerous ways as extensively. Roman Pompeii offers an excellent example: The whole city successfully vanished in AD 79, when mound Vesuvius erupted and hidden it under a thick mantle volcanic ahs. The section of Pompeii have been modeled and reconstructed in virtual reality application by archeologist (Renfrew 1977, p.1). Geographical information system is a recent analytical tool combine with computer in the field archeology. It has been used to simulate diachronic changes in past landscape and intra site analysis (Kvamme, 1989).Item Change of topography of Sri Lanka through time: an interactive web based tool(University of Kelaniya, 2013) Vidanapathirana, P.; Piyadasa, A.The cultural landscape is one of the main sources when interpreting archaeological evidence. This means the knowledge of change of landscape through time plays a vital role in interpreting the archaeological evidence and events happened in the past. The knowledge of topography during different times in past leads to identification of landscape of events happened in past. It helps to interpret the past events more accurately and understand the different landscape dynamics in past, which were contributed to these events. The sources of the historical topography including inscriptions, ancient manuscripts, ancient maps and plans, cultural landscape, etc. The information in these sources are available in different languages, scripts and representation is based on the regional knowledge. These sources use same symbols and icons to represent the different objects or vice versa. This causes difficulties to Archaeologists as well as Historians to understand the historical topography as it needs knowledge of different domains to get a clear understanding. The aim of this study was to develop a tool for researches in Archaeology and History to simplify the process of identification historical topography easily. The primary data was collected using ancient maps, plans, contemporary records, monuments and other relevant landmarks, inscriptions, ancient manuscripts and field exploration. During the field exploration, GPS coordinates of identified locations were recorded. The reference for these topography were identified after a literature survey. The information identified in the data collection process were recorded using a database. The data were captured into the database in a manner which allows users to query and fetch information easily and fast. They information is presented in different ways including an interactive map with timeline. This interactive map provides valuable information to researches on how the historical topography changed over the time. A separate section of this tool includes the different symbologies and icons used in ancient maps with a description. The tool developed is a web based tool using open source technologies with open access to the information.