Social Sciences
Permanent URI for this communityhttp://repository.kln.ac.lk/handle/123456789/189
Browse
15 results
Search Results
Item A study on poverty and women unemployment(Reviewing International Encounters 2015, Research Center for Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2015) Subasinghe, W.This paper explores one of the key issues in current research on gender and development: the links between poverty and women's employment and underemployment. The nation‟s economic crisis has deeply affected the lives of thousands of Sri Lankans. Unemployment has pulled the rug out from under many families, particularly those living in low-income communities. Deepening poverty is inextricably linked with rising levels of homelessness and food insecurity/hunger. Poverty can be considered as a central socio and economic problem. The women ratio is highly vital factor in concerning of current population statistics including women households, education level, and women workforce. The purpose of the study is looking the women unemployment and makes proposals to uplift the women‟s contribution to the national economy. Objectives: To identify male vs. female unemployment, what extent is a woman's household economic status, which programs are most suitable for women for livelihood. Research question: What is the co-relation between poverty and women‟s unemployment? Methodology: Survey method has been done for collecting primary data through structured questionnaires. FGDs and KII has done. Findings: The first phase of the project involves screening overall studies have shown very different effects of poverty, for different types of poverty: from income inequalities, to social exclusion and unemployment. The final phase involves the analysis provides strong evidence for a co-relation between household economic status and women's current employment status. This is true for the entire sample and for the married and unmarried women. The interplay of economic factors (in terms of household needs and aspirations) and cultural factors (in terms of women's position in the family as unmarried daughters as opposed to wives or daughters-in-law) as determinants of women's employment is important both on the supply side of the labour market and women's ability to obtain employment in an imperfect and almost saturated labour market in the context of Sri Lanka.Item Poverty impacts of agricultural trade liberalisation in Sri Lanka: A CGE analysis(Reviewing International Encounters 2015, Research Center for Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2015) Ranathunga, S.; Strutt, A.Opponents of free trade believe that more open trade exacerbates poverty in developing economies, particularly in agriculture. In contrast, advocates of trade liberalization often argue that economy-wide gains from trade liberalization make people better off. Although the links between trade and poverty are complex and much-debated many researchers, including trade and development economists, and policy makers believe that trade liberalization plays a vital role in poverty reduction in developing nations like Sri Lanka. This study examines potential poverty changes through various income strata of households under selected agricultural trade liberalisation scenarios in the Sri Lankan context. First, the poverty headcount in each population stratum was calculated, along with poverty elasticities using Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) 2006/7 data. Secondly, these data were calibrated with the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) database (version 8.1). Finally, we used poverty measures and AIDADS calculations17 to build a GTAP-POV framework for Sri Lanka. Poverty changes for multilateral and unilateral liberalisation scenarios are analysed for seven household strata in Sri Lanka using the GTAP-POV framework. In addition, we model the impact of an Indo-Sri Lankan Free Trade Agreement (ISFTA), as an important example of a bilateral trade agreement. Although Sri Lanka has a very detailed and constantly updated poverty profile, very limited attempts have been made to study poverty within different income strata. Observing poverty changes using poverty elasticities over seven specific income strata is a new dimension for the Sri Lankan poverty profile, which can be used generate insights into the impacts of trade policy changes on poverty. Our GTAP-POV modelling and analysis suggests that multilateral trade liberalisation reduces poverty most effectively and that agricultural trade liberalisation is a very important component of this. However, even if multilateral liberalisation is not possible, unilateral reductions in tariffs by Sri Lanka may also lead to substantial levels of poverty reduction, again with agricultural liberalisation being a particularly important component. However, bilateral trade agreements such as ISFTA are likely to have much smaller impacts on poverty reduction for Sri LankaItem Interconnected Linkage between Migration and Rural Poverty(2nd International Studies Students’ Research Symposium – 2018, Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Dilhani, G.K.N.Migration and poverty have become critical development issues in the contemporary world. For many poor people around the world migration is a way of life. But globalization has radically modified the scale of migration. Now people are more aware of opportunities beyond. Poverty is a main problem and irrefragable question in contemporary world. That is the major burning problem in Sri Lanka and entire world. Poverty forced to migration as a way of livelihood. Migration is the movement of people from one place to another. Migration can both cause and be caused by poverty. Poverty can be decrease as well as stimulate by migration. Similarly, migration can increase or decrease inequality. Rural poverty is the main layer of the poverty. Migration becomes widespread with remittances, skills gained, and opening up of new opportunities begins to benefit poorer households. Migration can give influential benefit for poor people in the rural area. Then their increase incomes, leads to new skills, improve social status and improve quality of life. Therefore, migration directly or indirectly reduces poverty especially in rural area. Most of the rural areas are suffering from poverty. Step by step Sri Lanka followed migration process as a way of occupation. Then this was a phenomenon of rural development also economic development. There is an interconnected linkage. To reduce poverty, they embrace migration as a main solution in rural area. This research will be focused on the effect of rural poverty on migration. The main objectives of this study are to identify various information of poverty in Sri Lanka and to examine the impact of migration on reducing poverty in Sri Lanka and finally to suggest solutions reduce the poverty with migration in Sri Lanka. For this research purposed both primary and secondary data. Primary data will be collected from selected Grama Niladhari division through interviewing. Data analyzed using descriptive statistics method. After the 30 years’ war we are finding a sustainable economic situation to this country. Hence it is very hard process to apply with rural poverty. Poverty becomes a complex societal issue around the worldItem The Impact of Economic Development on Poverty Reduction in Sri Lanka(4th National Research Conference on Applied Social Statistics, Social Statistics Students’ Association, Department of Social Statistics, Faculty of Social Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Abeyrathne, R.M.D.H.This paper attempts to investigate the impact of economic development on poverty reduction in Sri Lanka in the context of achieving the first sustainable development goal (SDG) “No Poverty: End poverty in all its forms everywhere”. Development is a multifaceted process of achieving economic, social and political wellbeing of people. The Human Development Index (HDI) for Sri Lanka in 2017 marked 0.77 points and the 76th place from 189 countries. It is an appreciative position in the South Asian region. Thus, development is measured concerning education, life expectancy and health status and contribution to GDP. Western province including commercial capital Colombo contributes 42.8% to the GDP in 2012 and it is the least poor province in the country. The least GDP contribution (3.7%) is by North province in 2012 which is recorded as the poorest province in the country. As usual western province marks highest contribution to GDP in 39.7% in 2016 while North province remains the least contributor by 4.2%. As a result, western province (39.7%) Central province (10.5%) that claims larger portions of GDP, claim higher benefits from development process. According to 2008, World Bank report, Western province including Colombo is an upper middle income country and the rest of the country is a lower middle income country. Therefore, the provinces with less contribution to the GDP remain underdeveloped areas that lack health and educational achievements. The sectoral analysis depicts poverty as an issue related to estate sector due its continuous large figures. In 2009/10 partial poverty is 5.3% in urban sector,9.4% in rural sector and 11.4% in estates. In 2016, urban and rural sectors have minimised into 1.9% and 4.3% respectively. Although reduced into 8.8% in 2016 estate sector still marks the highest figure. Therefore, encouraging private enterprises in urban sector, improving educational levels and employment choices in estates, facilitating loans and provide guidelines for SME can be suggested to reduce poverty in order to achieve increase partial contribution to the GDP. When each province contributes to GDP in an equal approach, the distribution of benefits will assure a comfortable life standard devoid of povertyItem Economy and Poverty in Tea Plantations(4th National Research Conference on Applied Social Statistics, Social Statistics Students’ Association, Department of Social Statistics, Faculty of Social Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Rajini Shakila, A.Poverty is an absolute barrier to prosperity due to the lack of resources and opportunities. Feeling of being disenfranchised from the various support systems such as educational, economic, cultural, social can weaken the feeling of empowerment to obtain these resources and opportunities. In Sri Lanka poverty line is one of the widely used indicators to measure poverty. This study is conducted to find out how the expenditure pattern affects the increasing poverty in tea estates in Kandy and Nuwaraeliya. Targeted number of estates is six. In the plantation sector there are certain different issues that have been the cause for the greater number of people to come below the poverty Line. Although plantation workers have many means and ways to earn the needed income. But, most of the workers do not use these opportunities. Therefore, this project aims to look at the reasons for these situations. In this study Primary data was collected in the field by using a structured schedule which includes the total monthly income of the worker, total outstanding saving and social expenditure of the worker. Secondary data was collected from the department of census and Statistics, ministry of finance and planning Sri Lanka. Descriptive statistics methods were used to analyze data and to achieve the objectives of the study. The questionnaire based on survey was done to collect information on monthly expenditure of 100 families using random number of Sampling method. The conclusion of the study shows how the income level has not helped to reduce the poverty levels due to not having the capacity to prioritize their expenditure items. Workers spend high percentages of their income for food (50%), alcohol (15-18%) and communication (15%). They spend as low as 4% of their income for the education and that leads to the low literacy among them. Finally, due to poor saving strategies the debts will increase.Item Micro Credit Programs on Women Empowerment in Sri Lanka: With Special Reference to Samurdhi Micro Credit Program(Reviewing International Encounters 2018,The Research Center for Social Sciences (RCSS), University of Kelaniya, Sri LankaKumari, J.A.P.2018.Micro Credit Programs on Women Empowerment in Sri Lanka: With Special Reference to Samurdhi Micro Credit Program.Reviewing International Encounters 2018, The Research Center for Social Sciences (RCSS), University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka. p08, 2018) Kumari, J.A.P.Micro credit is the lending of small amounts of loan at low interest to law income people to start their own business. Micro credit used as a key tool for reducing poverty in developing countries after the experience in Bangladesh Grameen Micro Credit Program. Women empowerment has been identified as a main determinant to alleviating poverty in poor households. The main objective of this study is to investigate the impact of micro credit programs on women empowerment in order to reducing poverty in Sri Lanka. Data gathered through conducting interviews with total of 200 women in Samurdhi Micro Finance programs in Colombo District Secondary data collected from books, articles, relevant websites and other relevant documents. Collected data analyzed by regression analysis and descriptive analysis. The study revealed that micro credit has being effectively used to social and economic empowerment of women beneficiaries through increase family income and household living condition and Samurdhi microcredit program giving strong contribution to enhance small scale business, small saving and investment. The research demonstrated several general issues of microcredit servicers to poor women such as it failed to reach poorest of the poor women, lack of repayment, lack of effectively serve to target groups and misallocation of the resources as the result of political interferenceItem Migration and Poverty in Sri Lanka: special reference to Polonnaruwa District.(1st International Studies Students’ Research Symposium-2017 (ISSRS 2017) ,Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2017) Ranamuka, R.A.H.K.Sri Lanka has inherited a glorious and a proud history. Its’ people have spent simple lifestyles mostly based on agriculture and nurtured many cultural and socio-economic values. With the introduction of the open economy in the 20th century, these attitudes changed dramatically and people became more money oriented in a capitalized society. As a result, they had to find new ways of earning money rather quickly. Migration of people for foreign employment started in such a background. This research mainly focuses on how foreign remittances help to mitigate poverty level in Polonnaruwa district as the main objective. Majority of people in Polonnaruwa district migrate to other countries seeking for employment to come out of the grip of poverty. Majority of them get less income per month. Poverty was increased during civil war period, but at the end of the war people were reasonably well off rather than in the past. There are many rural areas embedded in Polonnaruwa district and they are always fighting with life, because of the higher cost of living. Some people cannot even find their daily expense, and on such a situation people tend to go for overseas jobs. Therefore this research is valuable to study their past life and success of their present life due to migration. Examining the migration family status now and then, reasons of migration, economic background of the family have been taken as specific objectives of this study. Research use both primary and secondary data and also collect the data and utilize both quantitative and qualitative methods. To collect the primary data, questionnaire method will be utilized. Many sources are used to collect the secondary data such as publish and unpublished books, journals, research etc. The findings of this study are migration is taken place to reduce poverty in Polonnaruwa district, and majority of them have migrated due to poverty. The study concludes that as a result of the migration, their family status and the economic background has improved than the past. As the recommendation awareness programs should be implemented to maintain their income after come back to Sri Lanka.Item The New Face of Genocide in Sri Lanka.(1st International Studies Students’ Research Symposium-2017 (ISSRS 2017) ,Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2017) Jayawardane, B.A.I. M.Today the world is facing a new face of genocide. It is most commonly known as ‘poverty’. This can also be referred to a deadly viral disease and has escalated in to a global catastrophe. Still the modern form of genocide is not addressed wisely by world forums although it is very important to combat global poverty. Sri Lanka as a developing country is also a victim. According to the World Bank people who are maintaining their living with less than 1.90 US dollars per day are categorized under ‘extreme poverty’ and people who are maintaining their living with less than 3.10 US dollars are categorized under ‘moderately poverty’ group. African and Asian countries face this condition seriously. World’s poorest countries can be found in Sub – Saharan Africa. Niger and Eritrea are two of the poorest countries which are land locked and there are more. Objective of studying global poverty is to provide a clear picture of global poverty and to broaden the understanding about poverty alleviation. Since the world is facing a catastrophe in the name of poverty everyone must have a clear understanding about the term and its impacts to provide necessary solutions to reduce poverty level in Sri Lanka. The study of poverty in Sri Lanka has been conducted by referring to secondary sources like books, journals, newspaper, reports, articles and visual sources. Statistical analysis and graphs have been used to demonstrate poverty levels. Aspects of poverty include hunger, unemployment, corruption, illiteracy, poor standards of living, lack of access to healthy food and water and hardships to fulfill basic needs of people. Exploitation of resources in colonial period, decolonization, great wars, civil wars, lack of proper education, political instability, backward economy, dictatorships, violence and civil wars are outcomes of poverty. Sri Lanka is also affected by these problems. Some global level initiatives have launched to alleviate poverty. Sustainable development goals introduced by UNO and regional organizations like European Union, ASEAN, and SAARC contribute to reduce poverty by giving aids and advices to countries. UNO and European Union have contributed to alleviate poverty to an extent. However, still there is more to be done.Item Poverty and Poverty Correlates of the Marginalised Social Groups in the Rural Belts of Wayanad, Kerala: Role of Policy Aspects for Inclusive Development(Research Centre for Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Rajasenan, D.; Rajeev, B.Wayanad in Kerala is the hottest of the hotspots of the Western Ghats ecology. Agro-biodiversity is important in terms of the poor people’s livelihood and agricultural activities. Outside intrusion in the pretext of development has led to large scale environmental degradation which is posing severe livelihood threats to the poor, forest-dependent communities. Their immiseration has culminated in a vicious circle of poverty, which in turn has contemporaneous characteristics The study espouses the linkage between poverty and historical factors with high prominence on material assets as well as socio-cultural advantages. Data for the study is amassed from a primary survey of 300 households based on multi-stage proportionate random sampling method. The study uses Foster-Greer-Thorbecke )FGT) to work out poverty depth and severity based on expenditure patterns. Factor Analysis is used to understand the inter-temporal dynamics of the asset holdings. The study also employs Binary Logistic Regression to estimate the probability of social groups falling into povertyDuring the 20 years span, it is an indisputable fact that some of households have indeed escaped the poverty trap. The pertinent risk factors associated with the households going back to poverty needs to be identified and analyzed in tandem with the role and relevance of these policy factors in poverty eradication. For this reason inter-temporal poverty analysis presents a wide range of challenges for policy.Item Issues in peace: special reference to poverty and development in contemporary world(Department of Economics, University of Kelaniya, 2016) Peiris, M.J.D.An issue is a matter of concern or of interest. Often people have different opinions about an issue and will discuss or argue about it in order to find a solution. Sometimes an issue can have a particular focus. For example, issues may have a political, social, environmental or economic focus.Therefore, Issues can also occur on different scales. When we talk about a global issue, we are usually referring to something that affects a number of countries and populations. It is an issue that affect upon or is important to the global community that could be a threat for peace.The idea of issues that are truly global in scale is new to us. It emerged late in the 20th century, perhaps when humans first saw images of the Earth from space a small blue-green planet devoid of boundaries and arbitrary political divisions. Regardless of their novelty, global issues are so important that they might literally determine the future of the human species. Moreover, global issues affect virtually all social, environmental, economic, health, and security concerns. Yet, those concerns are, in themselves, global issues. There are number of global issues have been identified yet, this article provides a framework of poverty and developmentwith regard to issues in peace.