Social Sciences
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Item New Trends of Pirate Activities off the Coast of Somalia.(1st International Studies Students’ Research Symposium-2017 (ISSRS 2017) ,Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2017) Madubhashini, H.K.M.S.The water outside the Somali coast is one of the most heavily trafficked oceanic area in the world. In 2003, a new phenomenon emerged in the coast of Somalia and in the Gulf of Aden. The fishing vessels and merchant ships were attacked by pirates of Somalia. The frequency of these attacks was rapidly increased. Somalia is not only the area affected by maritime piracy in the world, but Gulf of Aden has seen unprecedented levels of pirate attacks. It is the largest share of the global piracy activities in recent years. Continues attacks by Somali pirates reflect the economic decline, violation of maritime laws and political unrest. Piracy has led to political stability in Somalia with the economic prospect constrained and human security worsening. Somalia piracy is imposing a hidden tax on world trade. They have the ability to get support from many government officials, businessmen, clan elders and members of local communities, militia and religious leaders. Since 2005, many international organizations have expressed concern over the rise and act of piracy. International organizations covering expertise in state of law, migration management, marine contingency management, maritime law, navy operations, risk management, developments and livelihoods, humanitarian relief, peacekeeping and security sector reform in Somalia. In 2013 control the risk of Somali piracy and 90% decline in private activities. Present, Somalia making an unsteady recovery from decades of war, lack either a coastal guard or navy. Because of that, the anti-piracy navies have no mandate to stop illegal fishing. Today the pirates off the coast of Somalia are little more than memory. Armed guards aboard commercial vessels and anti-piracy patrols by international warships have suppressed piracy but not stopped it. This research on the phenomenon of piracy off the coast of Somalia is a quantitative analysis and will attempt to explain current situation in Somalia and drives of piracy in Somalia and to provide strategies to mitigate the rising costs of Somali piracy.Item Disturbances, Riots, Revolt: The Maritime Provinces of Sri Lanka in 1796-97(University of Kelaniya, 2005) Wickramasinghe, N.In February 1796, the British captured the strategic harbour of Trincomalee and proceeded to expel the Dutch from the island. The government of the maritime provinces was vested in the Government of Fort St. George and control in Ceylon was exercised by the military led by Colonel James Stuart. The events that occurred a few months later, in December 1796 have been described as a ‘full scale revolt against the new British administration’, as ‘disturbances’ and as ‘riots’ in the rare studies pertaining to the period that all tend to echo the voice of contemporary witnesses and duplicate the viewpoint of the report of the De Meuron Commission of Investigation. The events of 1796-1797 have not evoked a sizeable interest among historians of the British period mainly because the official documents of the years 1796-1798 are not available in the Sri Lanka Archives. By far the most details of the events based on primary sources appear in Colvin R. de Silva’s Ceylon under British Occupation published in 1942, although the focus of his work is inevitably on the colonial administration’s response to the revolt rather than on the people as historical agents. My paper will be based on a reading afresh of those documents at the India Office Library in London (in June). Sri Lankan historiography has rarely addressed the issue of the consciousness of the participants either in the ‘revolt’ of 1797 or even in the more famed revolts that occurred in 1818 and 1848. I hope to assess the relevance of frames of analysis such as ‘moral economy of the crowd’, ‘autonomous domain of the subaltern’, ‘legitmation’ to the study of revolts in Sri Lanka. Some of the questions I hope to find answers is through a careful reading of colonial documents as well as the rare petitions written by the ‘natives’ to the British officials are the following: Was the uprising of 1797 lifted up by a leadership above localism and generalized into an anti-colonial campaign? Did religion constitute a significant component of peasant consciousness? If not why did the people rebel? Thus my paper aims at filling a gap in the scholarship of the British administration of Ceylon of the early period 1796-1802 which remains one of the most understudied periods of the history of the island.