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Item International Humanitarian Law in Civil Wars: A Case Study on Sri Lanka(2nd International Studies Students’ Research Symposium – 2018, Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Gabadage, D.S.S.The ideology of “war” is a realm that we experience since the very beginning of our civilization. It has developed for years by taking into account the needs, interests, developments and changing behaviours of people. However, the war is widely construed as intrinsically evil. And in contrast, war is an inevitable scenario of the international system. But with the changing interests of humans and states, the nature of wars differs from international armed conflicts to non-international armed conflicts. Therefore in order to regulate the occurrence and certain conducts during a war, the international community has established a system of legal regulations called international humanitarian law covering major areas of war from the beginning until the end. This study is based on how the international humanitarian law is applicable in the context of the civil war in Sri Lankan. This aims to give a descriptive and broad conception of international humanitarian law, its branches and its applicability in internal armed conflicts. Primarily in the context of civil wars. And also, this study discusses the major allegations of war crimes regarding the civil war in Sri Lanka and evaluates the applicability of the above humanitarian regulations giving special reference to conventions adopted by Sri Lanka. This qualitative study is primarily based on information collected from reports, journal articles, news items and other collections of surveys done by international organizations, non-governmental organizations and other State bodies. Thus, this study intends to bridge the gap between theoretical and practical aspects of international humanitarian law focusing on the civil war issues in Sri LankaItem Challenges Faced by the Sri Lanka Army on Implementing International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights(University of Kelaniya, 2005) Herath, I.H.M.N.N.Ancient rulers respected the ‘laws of war’ ensuring protection, treatment and wellbeing of captured combatants and people. Soldiers fought wars while farmers sowing their paddy fields. During the 2nd century BC King Dutugamunu and King Elara decided to fight each other to decide the victory of war, preventing suffering of mankind. Even after the death of King Elara, King Dutugamunu had given due respect to King Elara. But due to the complicity of the present day operations and weapon system human rights and humanitarian law violations have increased. The last few years saw internationally significant progress towards an international system of justice available to prosecute the war crimes and human rights violations. United Nations imposed economical sanctions on countries, which violate human rights and international humanitarian law. The international community has also shown renewed willingness to deploy troops to stop crimes against humanity. Due to present ongoing conflict, human rights and humanitarian law violations by Sri Lankan Army was highlighted among international community. In the light of rapid globalisation, no country could withstand as single entity. In this context it is worthwhile to study and analyse how this problem could be overcome.