Social Sciences
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Item The Half Life of Books used in Doctoral Theses on History by Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra and Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak in Haryana (1979-2012) .(Department of Library and Information Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya,Sri Lanka., 2017) Kagra, S.K.The 14122 citations analyzed were cited in 95 doctoral theses of History awarded in Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra and MaharshiDayanand University, Rohtak (Haryana) from the period beginning of research in this university up to the end of 2012.In History, the highest number of 36 theses (66.66%) of Kurukshetra University had 201-300 pages majority of theses (51.22%) in MaharshiDayanand University; Rohtakalso had same number of pages.The highest average number of 210.8 per theses in History was during 1979-1983. The forms of cited literature in History,the highest number of 9146 (64.76%) books were cited. There were 957 (6.77%) journals citations in History. Among overall citations, Government Publications 1473 (10.43%), Reports/ archival papers 1304 (9.23%), News paper/Magazine/Poster/Pamphlet 680 (4.81%), Conference/Seminar/Proceedings 166 (1.71%), Theses/ Dissertation 164 (1.17%), Contributed books /interview 130 (0.93%) and Encyclopedia/ Directory/Dictionary 102 (0.73%) were cited in History.The books contributions 93.60 percent citations were produced under single authorship. The half life of books in History is 34.24 years.Item History and Evolution of England Banking System(Economics Student Society, Department of Economics, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Rathnayake, R.M.D.H.Banking in the United Kingdom can be considered to have started in the Kingdom of England in the 17th century. The first activity in what later came to be known as banking was by goldsmiths who, after the dissolution of English monasteries by Henry VIII, began to accumulate significant stocks of gold. The Bank of England has a longstanding interest in the structure of the financial system. System structure can affect financial stability through influencing the cost and availability of the financial services on which households and businesses depend. The country's banking sector consists of more than 340 commercial banks, with the Bank of England, which is the economy's central bank, at the apex. Since the 1970s, the U.K government has implemented a number of banking sector reforms - in order to safeguard and improve the banking sector. By any standard, the U.K. currently has one of the most developed banking systems in world. The country has enjoyed a substantial bank-based financial sector development over the years, and its institutional framework has also grown stronger. However, like any other financial system, the U.K. banking system still faces wide-ranging challenges, such as less than adequate disclosure standards, contagion risk from the euro zone, squeezed interest margin and uncertainties caused by changes in regulatory regimes. This article tracks the history evolution of a core component of the banking system in the United Kingdom, the banking sector, describing how technology has transformed the economics of banking, and how deregulation in the 1970s and 1980s freed banks to take advantage of new opportunities through globalization and financial innovation.Item Ethnicity and Social Composition of the Sri Lanka Armed Forces (C. 1949-2005)(University of Kelaniya, 2005) de Silva, S.This paper traces the history and evolution of the armed forces in Sri Lanka from the arrival of the British 1976 to the present day. Special attention is paid to issues of ethnicity, class and religion and how these affected recruitment policies, force structure and operational deployment. The question of political influence and loyalties is also considered. The British colonial era is divided in two major periods, i.e. the pre-Volunteer era, 1796-1874, and the Volunteer era, 1881-1949, which essentially analyses the period encompassing the Ceylon Defense Force (CDF). Post-independence developments are considered in terms of the rise of Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism and the consequent decline of the British influenced and westernized elements in the ranks of the military. Three major events are analyzed: first, the ascendancy to power of a Sinhalese Buddhist nationalist government in 1956 and its impact on the military establishment; second, the 1962 abortive coup and its repercussions; and third, the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP) uprising in 1971. The emergence of Tamil separatism and out break of full-scale ethnic confrontation in 1983 onwards has had the most significant consequences for the structure and composition of the armed forces. This ethnic conflict culminated into three phases of internecine combat, known as the Eelam War. In the midst of these crises, another abortive JVP uprising took place for a second time, from 1987-1989. All these events were instrumental in changing the Sri Lanka armed forces to a more Sinhalese Buddhist institution of more populist stratification and social composition. These overall factors, especially the ethnic conflict are examined and their implications for society and politics in contemporary Sri Lanka considered.Item Change of topography of Sri Lanka through time: an interactive web based tool(University of Kelaniya, 2013) Vidanapathirana, P.; Piyadasa, A.The cultural landscape is one of the main sources when interpreting archaeological evidence. This means the knowledge of change of landscape through time plays a vital role in interpreting the archaeological evidence and events happened in the past. The knowledge of topography during different times in past leads to identification of landscape of events happened in past. It helps to interpret the past events more accurately and understand the different landscape dynamics in past, which were contributed to these events. The sources of the historical topography including inscriptions, ancient manuscripts, ancient maps and plans, cultural landscape, etc. The information in these sources are available in different languages, scripts and representation is based on the regional knowledge. These sources use same symbols and icons to represent the different objects or vice versa. This causes difficulties to Archaeologists as well as Historians to understand the historical topography as it needs knowledge of different domains to get a clear understanding. The aim of this study was to develop a tool for researches in Archaeology and History to simplify the process of identification historical topography easily. The primary data was collected using ancient maps, plans, contemporary records, monuments and other relevant landmarks, inscriptions, ancient manuscripts and field exploration. During the field exploration, GPS coordinates of identified locations were recorded. The reference for these topography were identified after a literature survey. The information identified in the data collection process were recorded using a database. The data were captured into the database in a manner which allows users to query and fetch information easily and fast. They information is presented in different ways including an interactive map with timeline. This interactive map provides valuable information to researches on how the historical topography changed over the time. A separate section of this tool includes the different symbologies and icons used in ancient maps with a description. The tool developed is a web based tool using open source technologies with open access to the information.