Medicine
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This repository contains the published and unpublished research of the Faculty of Medicine by the staff members of the faculty
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Item Tropical liver disease.(Elsevier, 2023) Beeching, N.; Dassanayake, A.The liver is frequently involved in infections that are prevalent in different regions of the tropics, and chronic liver disease, sometimes with multiple aetiological explanations, is an important cause of early morbidity and mortality. This article describes some hepatic and biliary problems that are seen in the tropics or can be imported from resource-poor settings. The epidemiology of hepatitis A is changing in many areas and hepatitis E is now recognized in a wide range of tropical and non-tropical settings. Vaccines have been developed against hepatitis E. Hepatitis B and C continue to cause chronic liver disease, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, but these can be eclipsed in epidemiological importance by the sequelae of the emerging epidemic of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in many parts of the tropics. The pathophysiology of acute and chronic liver disease caused by aflatoxins is better understood, as is the relationship of veno-occlusive disease of the liver to pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Self-poisoning with hepatotoxins is common in many countries. The diagnosis and management of cystic hydatid disease of the liver has been rationalized, based on a systematic approach to the classification of imaging findings.Item Thyrotoxic crisis presenting with jaundice(Biomed Central, 2016) Wickramasinghe, R.D.S.S.; Luke, W.A.N.V.; Sebastiampillai, B.S.; Gunathilake, M.P.M.L.; Premaratna, R.BACKGROUND: Thyrotoxic crisis is a medical emergency requiring early diagnosis and urgent management, which can be challenging due to its diverse clinical presentations. While common presentations include fever, sweating, palpitations, tremors and confusion, presence of jaundice is rare. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a 35-year-old male who presented with jaundice due to cholestasis along with other features of thyrotoxic crisis due to Graves' disease. He had a good clinical recovery with resolution of cholestasis following treatment for thyrotoxic crisis. CONCLUSION: Jaundice can be a rare manifestation of thyrotoxic crisis, and should be considered in the differential diagnosis when other clinical features of thyrotoxic crisis are present. However secondary causes of jaundice should be looked into and excluded.Item Protection against galactosamine and test-butyl hydroperoxide induced hepatocyte damage by Melothria maderaspatana extract(Wiley, 1995) Thabrew, M.I.; Gove, C.D.; Hughes, R.D.; McFarlane, I.G.; Williams, R.The aqueous extract of Melothria maderaspatana is used by traditional medical practitioners to treat jaundice in man. The effect of Melothria maderaspatana extract on damage induced in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes by D-galactosamine and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBH) has been investigated. On incubation of hepatocytes with galactosamine or TBH in the presence of the plant extract, a significant dose-dependent protection against hepatocyte damage was observed, with maximum protection at a concentration of 500 g/mL. At this concentration the galactosamine-induced release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate amino-transferase (AST) were reduced by 40.7 percent + or - 4.2 percent and 37.7 percent + or - 6.1 percent respectively, compared with control incubations. The TBH-induced lipid peroxidation (estimated from malondialdehyde production) was decreased by 26.0 + or - 3.7 percent together with a 38.4 percent + or - 4.4 percent and 40.8 + or - 7.6 percent reduction in the release of cellular LDH and AST respectively into the incubation medium. On post-treatment with the plant extract the protective activity was found to decrease with increase in time of exposure of the cells to either of the toxins. The direct protective effects of Melothria extract on hepatocytes support the use of this plant as a herbal remedy.