Medicine

Permanent URI for this communityhttp://repository.kln.ac.lk/handle/123456789/12

This repository contains the published and unpublished research of the Faculty of Medicine by the staff members of the faculty

Browse

Subject: search.filters.subject.Diarrhea

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Rotavirus-associated diarrhoea in buffalo calves in Sri Lanka
    (British Veterinary Association, Elseveir, 1994) Sunil-Chandra, N.P.; Mahalingam, S.
    Faecal samples from 150 buffalo calves, one to 150 days old, located in various districts of Sri Lanka, were examined for group A rotavirus antigen by a screening enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Positive samples were confirmed by the blocking ELISA. In the calves studied 27.3 per cent were diarrhoeic, and the rest were non-diarrhoeic but were in contact with the animals showing diarrhoea. Antigen was detected in 36.6 per cent of the diarrhoeic animals and in 11.9 per cent of the non-diarrhoeic animals. There was a strong association between the presence of antigen in faeces and diarrhoea in these animals (chi 2 = 46.98; P < 0.001). Of the 146 serum samples examined for antirotaviral antibodies, by the blocking ELISA at a single serum dilution (1:20) against a constant dose of antigen (8 units), 68.5 per cent were positive indicating a widespread infection with the virus in the population studied. This is the first record of the detection of rotavirus and its association with diarrhoea in buffalo calves in Sri Lanka.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Sub clinical intestinal mucosal inflammation in diarrhea predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) in a tropical setting
    (American Gastroenterological Association(AGA) Institute, Published by Elsevier Inc., 2010) de Silva, A.P.; Manamperi, A.; Hewavisenthi, S.J.de S.; Ariyasinghe, M.P.; Dassanayake, A.S.; Jewell, D.P.; de Silva, H.J.
    BACKGROUND: There is evidence for potential roles for gut flora and the host immune response in the pathophysiology of IBS, and especially, for low grade colonic mucosal inflammation in the pathophysiology of post-infectious IBS. AIM: To investigate for evidence of sub-clinical intestinal mucosal inflammation in diarrhea- predominant IBS (IBS-D) in a tropical setting. METHODS: In a prospective study over one year, we investigated 49 patients with IBS-D [median age 34 years (range 18-59; M:F 36:13], based on Rome III criteria. None had alarm symptoms: unintentional significant loss of weight, bleeding per rectum or malaena. None were on NSAIDS or proton pump inhibitors. All patients had normal ESR, CRP, TSH and stools reports. 14 individuals with a family history of colon cancer [median age 46.5 years (range 23-56); median 46.5, M:F 6:8] were selected as controls. Stools of patients and controls were tested for calprotectin. During colonoscopy, serial biopsies were obtained from the ileum, caecum, ascending, transverse and descending colon, and rectum. In addition to histology, tissue expression of IL-8 and IL-10 were assessed in biopsy specimens using semi-quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS: Colono-ileoscopy was macroscopically normal and faecal calprotectin was undetectable in cases and controls. Microscopic colitis not otherwise specified(MNOS) was seen in 10/49 cases and 1/14 controls (p=0.43, Fisher's Exact test). Histology was normal in others. A history suggestive of an episode of infectious diarrhea (ID) was seen in 16/49 cases and 0/14 controls (p=0.013). There was no significant association between ID and the presence of MNOS. Tissue expression of IL-8 was significantly higher and IL-10 significantly lower in cases compared to controls (target/standard cDNA ratio, median (range) IL-8: 1.25 (0.75-2) Vs 0.85 (0.63-1.3), p<0.0001, Mann-Whitney U test; IL-10: 0.33 (0-0.63) Vs 0.55 (0.5-0.7), p<0.0001). There was a significant inverse correlation between IL-8 and IL-10 expression (Pearson Correlation, (-) 0.509; p<0.01). In patients with IBS-D, cytokine abnormalities were not significantly different in those with or without a history of ID or the presence or absence of MNOS. CONCLUSION: There is evidence for subclinical intestinal mucosal inflammation in patients with IBS-D in a tropical setting, whether or not a history of ID or MNOS was present or absent.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Gastrointestinal disorders in children admitted to a tertiary care paediatric unit in Sri Lanka
    (Wiley Blackwell Scientific Publications, 2008) Devanarayana, N.M.; Adikari, A.M.D.B.; Sanjeewa, P.A.B.; Rajindrajith, S.
    OBJECTIVES : Gastrointestinal diseases, including diarrhoea and abdominal pain, are common presenting complains in children admitted to hospitals. In those with abdominal pain, non-specific abdominal pain is the commonest diagnosis at discharge. This study evaluated the gastrointestinal disorders in children admitted to a tertiary care general paediatric unit in Sri Lanka. METHODS: Records of all neonates, infants and children admitted to University paediatric unit in North Colombo Teaching Hospital, Ragama, Sri Lanka, during 12 month period from 01/10/2006 to 30/09/2007, were evaluated. Demographic information, details regarding the symptoms, exam nation findings, investigations, treatments and diagnosis at discharge were analysed retrospectively. RESULTS: Of the 5202 patients admitted during the study period, 167 (3.2%) had gastrointestinal disorders [90 (54.9%) were males, mean age 6.3 years, SD 2.5 years, range 2–13 years]. Common presenting complains were diarrhoea [79 (47.3%)], abdominal pain [62 (37.1%)], constipation [10 (6%)] and vomiting [8 (4.8%)]. Most common discharge diagnosis was acute gastroenteritis (AGE) [57 (45.5%)]. Of 62 children presented with abdominal pain, only 23 (36.1%) had exact diagnosis at the discharge (AGE 13, gastritis 3, constipation 4, gastro-oesophageal reflux 1, typhoid fever 1, functional abdominal pain 1). CONCLUSIONS: Diarrhoea and abdominal pain accounted for more than 80% of hospital admissions due to gastrointestinal disorders. Nearly two third of patients admitted due to abdominal pain had no diagnosis at discharge. Even though, Rome III criteria are widely available, only one patient was diagnosed as having functional gastrointestinal disorder.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Concentrations of interleukin 6 and tumour necrosis factor in serum and stools of children with Shigella dysenteriae 1 infection
    (British Medical Assosiation, 1993) de Silva, D.G.H.; Mendis, L.N.; Sheron, N.; Alexander, G.J.; Candy, D.C.; Chart, H.; Rowe, B.
    Serum interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) were measured in children with dysentery during an epidemic caused by Shigella dysenteriae 1. IL-6 and TNF were also measured in fresh stool filtrates from children with acute gastroenteritis. The median serum IL-6 concentration was raised significantly in the children with complications (haemolytic uraemic syndrome, leukemoid reaction, thrombocytopenia, thrombocytosis, and severe colitis lasting more than one week) during the first week (n = 18, 9-7728 pg/ml; median 107) and in the second week (n = 13, 5-312 pg/ml; median 77), compared with convalescent sera (n = 10, < 3-85 pg/ml; median 39; p < 0.02 and < 0.05 respectively). The median IL-6 concentration during the first week was significantly higher in the group with complicated disease than in those with no complications (n = 8, < 3-37 pg/ml; median 5; p < 0.001). Although serum TNF concentrations were significantly raised in the complicated group during the first and second weeks of the illness and in the uncomplicated group compared with convalescence, there was no significant difference in the TNF concentrations between the complicated and uncomplicated groups. IL-6 was detectable in stool filtrates from eight of 13 children with S dysenteriae 1 infection and four of eight children with S flexneri infection. It was not detectable in Cryptosporidia, rotavirus, or adenovirus infections, those with pathogen-negative acute diarrhoea or controls. Seven of 13 children with S dysenteriae 1 and three of nine children with S flexneri infections had TNF detectable in stools. None of the children with Salmonella, Cryptosporidia, rotavirus of children with pathogen-negative diarrhoea and controls had detectable TNF in stool filtrates. It is postulated that the local and generalised vasculitis observed in shigellosis may be related to a direct effect of Shiga toxin on endothelial cells or caused by cytokine production stimulated by endotoxin, or both.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    TNF alpha in stool as marker of intestinal inflammation
    (Lancet Publishing Group, 1992) de Silva, D.G.H.; Mendis, L.N.; Sheron, N.; Alexander, G.J.; Candy, D.C.; Chart, H.; Rowe, B.
    Comment on; Braegger CP, et. al. (Lancet. 1992; 339(8785):89-91). No Abstract Available
All items in this Institutional Repository are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated. No item in the repository may be reproduced for commercial or resale purposes.