Medicine
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This repository contains the published and unpublished research of the Faculty of Medicine by the staff members of the faculty
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Item Study on heart measurements of the people between the age 20-40 years present to the teaching hospital colombo north – post mortem study(Dept. of Forensic Medicine, New Delhi, 2021) de Silva, R.L.S.K.; Kitulwatte, I.D.G.; Priyanath, D.C.; Gunathilake, M.M.A.C.; Senanayake, T.A.A.W.; Kumari, M.K.J.K.Introduction: Presence of an enlarged heart provides a basis for determination of the cause and mechanisms of death. Gender, physical activity, and Body Mass Index (BMI) may affect the size of organs. Knowledge on such normal variations is needed in order to recognize the abnormalities.Objectives- This research was conducted to study the dimensions of the heart(heart weight, left ventricular thickness and valvular circumferences) among the young adult healthy deceased autopsies and evaluate their association with different variables.Methods:It was a descriptive cross-sectional study and 20-40 years of age healthy, young, adult, males and females in equal numbers who had died suddenly were studied by considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Details of the past history and the measurements were entered into a proforma and the anonymous data were used for analysis.Results: The study revealed that the mean values of the heart weight was 280.52g (SD+/- 42.60), it was 293.94g (SD+/-39.29) for males and 267.10g (SD+/-42.64) for females. There was no significant association of heart weight with gender (P= 0.46410). There was a significant association between BMI and the heart weight of the females (P= 0.0387), no such association for left ventricular wall thickness. Further, there was a significant difference of the tricuspid valve circumference among two genders and the values were 11.6cm (SD+/-0.82) for males and 10.7cm (SD+/-0.6) for females.Conclusions: Majority of the findings was consistent with the findings of the studies globally on Caucasians. Increased body mass index was significantly associated with increased heart weight among females which could probably be explained as a consequence of increased epicardial fat since there was no such association for left ventricular wall thicknessItem Food environments and obesity: A geospatial analysis of the South Asia Biobank, income and sex inequalities(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Atanasova, P.; Kusuma, D.; Pineda, E.; Anjana, R.M.; de Silva, L.; Hanif, A.A.M.; Hasan, M.; Hossain, M.M.; Indrawansa, S.; Jayamanne, D.; Jha, S.; Kasturiratne, A.; Katulanda, P.; Khawaja, K.I.; Kumarendran, B.; Mrida, M.K.; Rajakaruna, V.; Chambers, J.C.; Frost, G.; Sassi, F.; Miraldo, M.Introduction: In low-middle income countries (LMICs) the role of food environments on obesity has been understudied. We address this gap by 1) examining the effect of food environments on adults' body size (BMI, waist circumference) and obesity; 2) measuring the heterogeneity of such effects by income and sex.Methods: This cross-sectional study analysed South Asia Biobank surveillance and environment mapping data for 12,167 adults collected between 2018 and 2020 from 33 surveillance sites in Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. Individual-level data (demographic, socio-economic, and health characteristics) were combined with exposure to healthy and unhealthy food environments measured with geolocations of food outlets (obtained through ground-truth surveys) within 300 m buffer zones around participants' homes. Multivariate regression models were used to assess association of exposure to healthy and unhealthy food environments on waist circumference, BMI, and probability of obesity for the total sample and stratified by sex and income.Findings: The presence of a higher share of supermarkets in the neighbourhood was associated with a reduction in body size (BMI, β = - 3∙23; p < 0∙0001, and waist circumference, β = -5∙99; p = 0∙0212) and obesity (Average Marginal Effect (AME): -0∙18; p = 0∙0009). High share of fast-food restaurants in the neighbourhood was not significantly associated with body size, but it significantly increased the probability of obesity measured by BMI (AME: 0∙09; p = 0∙0234) and waist circumference (AME: 0∙21; p = 0∙0021). These effects were stronger among females and low-income individuals.Interpretation: The results suggest the availability of fast-food outlets influences obesity, especially among female and lower-income groups. The availability of supermarkets is associated with reduced body size and obesity, but their effects do not outweigh the role of fast-food outlets. Policies should target food environments to promote better diets and reduce obesity.Item Comparison of BMI, Physical Activity Level, Sugar and Animal Protein Intake in Healthy People and People with Lower Back Pain(Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2021) Rathnayake, K.M.C.P.; Semasinghe, S.N.M.W.L.; Rathnapala, K.A.M.C.; Nanayakkara, C.Introduction: Lower back pain (LBP) is a pain below the costal margin and above the gluteal folds and it may or may not be present with leg pain. It is mentioned that it interferes with the quality of life. Several factors such as individual and activity related factors are identified to associated with LBP. Objectives: To compare BMI, physical activity level (PAL), Sugar and Animal protein intake in LBP patients and in healthy people. Methods: An analytical observational study was conducted at Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Kotelawala Defence University. Based on an inclusion criterion 50 LBP patients and 50 healthy people were recruited. BMI was calculated using standard method. PAL was evaluated using, IPAQ-SF. Sugar and Animal Protein intake were assessed using a self-made questionnaire. All the information on the questionnaires was gathered using interviewer-administered method. Results: BMI of LBP patients was significantly greater than that in healthy people (P<0.05). Most of the patients with LBP had high IPAQ scores while healthy people had moderate IPAQ scores (P< 0.05). Animal protein intake in LBP patients was significantly lower with compared to that in healthy people (P< 0.05). Sugar consumption in LBP patients was significantly high with compared to that in healthy people (P<0.05). Conclusions: Except Animal Protein intake all the other variables were significantly high in LBP patients. Therefore, it is recommended to consider above factors when assessing and treating LBP patients.