Medicine
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This repository contains the published and unpublished research of the Faculty of Medicine by the staff members of the faculty
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Item Risk factors for low resilience among grade 10 adolescents in the Gampaha District(Sri Lanka Medical Association, 2023) Manori, D.M.S.; Jayawardana, P.L.; Godamunne, P.INTRODUCTION: Resilience denotes the ability to withstand adversity and bounce back from difficult life events. OBJECTIVE: To determine risk factors for low resilience among Grade 10 adolescents in the District of Gampaha. METHODS: A case-control study with a computed sample size of 128 in each among cases (low resilience) and controls (high resilience) was conducted. Cases and controls were selected by applying simple random sampling to a descriptive study where the magnitude of resilience was determined. For data analysis bivariate (using chi-square test) followed by multiple logistic regression were applied. Results were expressed as adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: Risk factors for low resilience were: one or both parents dead (AOR=3.4; 95% CI [1.1, 10.1]; p=0.031), mother’s educational level ≤GCE A/L (AOR=2.3; 95% CI [1.4, 3.6]; p=0.001), losing temper frequently (AOR=2.5; 95% CI [1.9, 3.4]; p<0.001), having <6 friends (AOR=1.4; 95% CI [1.03;1.9]; p<0.048), having <6 close friends (AOR=1.6; 95% CI [1.06, 2.5]; p=0.024), having conflicts with friends (AOR=2.0; 95% CI [1.03, 3.74]; p=0.040), lack of support from home (AOR=1.5; 95% CI [1.04, 2.20]; p=0.031), not seeking help when facing difficult situations (AOR=1.7; 95% CI [1.2, 2.3]; p=0.001), sleeping for <8 hours/day (AOR=1.4; 95% CI [1.2, 1.8]; p=0.007), lack of religious affiliations (AOR=2.6; 95% CI [1.2, 5.7]; p < 0.015) and non-attending Sunday school (AOR=2.1; 95% CI [1.5, 3.2]; p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Eleven risk factors were identified. Recommend conducting cognitive behavioural therapy-based interventions regularly at the school level targeting to minimize the impact of the above risk factors.Item Epidemiology of aerophagia in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis(Public Library of Science, 2022) Rajindrajith, S.; Gunawardane, D.; Kuruppu, C.; Dharmaratne, S.D.; Gunawardena, N.K.; Devanarayana, N.M.Background: Aerophagia is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder among children. The disease leads to symptoms related to air in the intestine leading to burping, abdominal distension, and excessive flatus. We aimed to perform a systematic review and a meta-analysis to assess the epidemiology of aerophagia in children. Methods: We conducted a thorough electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Web of Science) search for all epidemiological surveys conducted in children on aerophagia. All selected studies were assessed for their scientific quality and the extracted data were pooled to create a pooled prevalence of aerophagia. Results: The initial search identified 76 titles. After screening and in depth reviewing, 19 studies representing data from 21 countries with 40129 children and adolescents were included in the meta-analysis. All studies have used standard Rome definitions to diagnose aerophagia. The pooled prevalence of aerophagia was 3.66% (95% Confidence interval 2.44-5.12). There was significant heterogeneity between studies [I2 98.06% with 95% Confidence interval 97.70-98.37). There was no gender difference in prevalence of aerophagia in children. The pooled prevalence of aerophagia was highest in Asia (5.13%) compared to other geographical regions. Conclusion: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we found aerophagia has a significant prevalence across the world.Item Validation of accelerometer-based energy expenditure equations using doubly-labelled water technique in 11-13 year-old Sri Lankan children(Sri Lanka College of Paediatricians, 2021) Dabare, P.M.; Wickramasinghe, P.; Waidyatilaka, I.; Devi, S.; Kurpad, A.V.; Samaranayake, D.; de Lanerolle-Dias, M.; Wickremasinghe, R.; Hills, A.P.; Lanerolle, P.INTRODUCTION: Accelerometer based prediction equations are used to calculate physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) among children. Currently, accelerometer-derived PAEE prediction equations validated against a criterion method do not exist for Sri Lankan children. Objective: To assess the validity of published prediction equations to estimate PAEE in Sri Lankan children against the doubly labelled water (DLW) technique. Method: Ninety-six children aged 11-13 years from an urban area of Sri Lanka were included in the study. Energy expenditure was assessed using the DLW technique over 10 days and participants wore ActiGraph accelerometers during the same period. Correlation between the measured and predicted PAEE was assessed by the Pearson correlation coefficient. Validity of equations was assessed by the paired t-test and the level of agreement using the Bland Altman analysis. Results: Predicted PAEE values were significantly (p<0.05) correlated with the measured PAEE except for the equations of Treuth and Schmitz. Prediction equations of Ekelund, Freedson, Mattock and Zhu significantly overestimated measured PAEE (p<0.05) whereas, Trost and Puyau equations significantly underestimated PAEE. A wide limit of agreement with a large mean bias was observed in all estimated PAEE, except for the equation of Zhu. Conclusions: Existing accelerometer-based PAEE equations have low accuracy in predicting PAEE in Sri Lankan children.