Medicine
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This repository contains the published and unpublished research of the Faculty of Medicine by the staff members of the faculty
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Item The association between negative experiences during childhood and social anxiety disorder: A cross-sectional study among Sri Lankan university students(Sri Lanka Medical Association, 2023) de Silva, B.G.R.; De Zoysa, P.T.; Pathmeswaran, A.; Williams, S.S.INTRODUCTION: Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) demonstrates early-onset, chronic course, and impairment in all social spheres. OBJECTIVES: The study objective was to explore the association between negative childhood experiences among a university student sample that indicated a high prevalence of SAD. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1137 students from five state universities. The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale – Sinhala version, and a correlates questionnaire including a culturally adapted Adverse Childhood Events Questionnaire and contextually appropriate parenting-related questions, were used as instruments. The analysis included chi-square tests for independence, spearman’s r correlations, and binary logistic regressions. RESULTS: Within the sample, 52.2% were female, and 66% were between 21-23 years. All faculties were represented with 27.5% from engineering. 32.2% of participants were first years. Bivariate analyses identified that being an eyewitness towards violence towards mother, feeling unsafe, feeling mistreated by family, experiencing physical abuse, experiencing sexual abuse, experiencing emotional abuse, experiencing parental dissatisfaction, and parental overcontrol to be significantly (p<0.05) associated with SAD. Continuous variables of Parent dissatisfaction (AOR=1.07, 95% CI 1.01-1.13, p<0.05), parent overcontrol (AOR=1.08, 95% CI 1.02-1.15, p<0.01) and experiences of emotional abuse (AOR=1.31, 95%CI 1.11-1.54, p=0.001) remained independently associated with SAD on regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this study corroborate the literature on the association between childhood experiences and parenting-related factors and SAD. The findings also highlight for the first time that Sri Lankan university students are no exception. An urgent need for awareness and prevention of adverse experiences within the family context, and early intervention to prevent the development of SAD are crucial.Item Audiological profile of auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder in the paediatric population of a selected audiology clinic.(University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2023) Farook, T.; de Silva, M.D.K.; Balasuriya, B.M.L.K.BACKGROUND: Hearing loss is a major concern worldwide with an estimated prevalence of over 20% globally. Among the different types of hearing loss, this study focuses on Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder (ANSD). ANSD is characterized by the presence of intact outer hair cells and the absence of typical functioning in the auditory nerve. OBJECTIVE/S: To develop an audiological profile of patients with ANSD using audiological records of the paediatric population attending the audiology clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Ragama from 2017 2022, and to compare the risk factors for hearing loss and other associated factors between patients with ANSD and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). METHODS: The study design was a retrospective comparative case study conducted in the University Audiology Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Ragama, Sri Lanka. The population for the study included all patients who attended (2017-2022) the University Audiology Clinic in the age range of 0-18 years. Data was collected from audiological records. The assessment findings were used to develop the profile while the medical history was used to compare the risk factors between ANSD and SNHL patients. Data analysis software (statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 26) was used for statistical analysis. Data related to risk factors for hearing loss among patients diagnosed with SNHL and ANSD were analysed, and a comparison was made between the two groups using the Chi-square test. RESULTS: A total of 1215 pediatric patients have attended the clinic. Out of them ANSD cases were found to be 2.7% of the pediatric population that completed the test, while 16.05% were of the SNHL population. Only one had unilateral ANSD. Distortion Product Oto-Acoustic Emissions (DPOAEs) were present in 44.2% (19) of the ears and inconsistent in 18.6% (8) of the ears. Cochlear Microphonics (CM) was present in all (43) ears. Tb-ABR was absent in 46.2% (12) of the ears while abnormal in 53.8% (14) of the ears. Click ABR was absent in 83.7% (36) of the ears and abnormal in 16.3% (7) of the ears. The degree of hearing loss varied between mild to profound in patients with ANSD. Comparison of the risk factors revealed a statistically significant difference for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (p=0.003), administration of oxygen (p=0.040), neonatal sepsis (p=0.025), neonatal meningitis (p=0.014) and congenital anomalies (p=0.002). CONCLUSION/S: The proportion of ANSD found in the pediatric population with risk factors is significant and justifies the need to implement newborn hearing screening programs for early identification. Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, administration of oxygen, sepsis including meningitis, and congenital anomalies can be used as predictors for infants at risk of ANSD. Children with ASD, speech delay, CVI, and GDD require to be screened for ANSD as well.