Medicine
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This repository contains the published and unpublished research of the Faculty of Medicine by the staff members of the faculty
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Item Dietary fat and fatty acid intake of Sri Lankan adult men(Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2021) Jayathillake, M.A.R.M.P.; Perera, U.L.D.S.; Sewwandi, M.G.N.; Madushani, K.B.M.; Chandrasekara, A.; Rathnayake, K.M.Introduction: Dietary fat composition is important in the aetiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD). A reduction in intakes of saturated fat <10% of total energy is a major dietary guideline recommended by the WHO. Objectives: To assess dietary fat composition and consumption pattern among healthy adult men as a part of ongoing research study. Methods: Study participants were 185 of healthy adult men aged between 30 to 60 years. Dietary fat intake was determined using a three-day diet diary covering two week days and one weekend day, food frequency questionnaire and a short in-depth questionnaire on dietary fat consumption pattern. Nutrient intake and fatty acid composition were analysed using FoodBase 2000 nutrient analysis software, modified for Sri Lankan foods. Results: Total daily mean fat intake was 56 g (25% of total Energy) while saturated fatty acid (SFA), poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and mono unsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) intake were 36.8 g (16.3%), 3.1g (1.4%), and 6.7 g (2.9%), respectively. The major contributor of SFA was coconut fat derived from coconut milk whereas peanuts and small fish were the highest contributors for PUFA and MUFA intake, respectively. The key added oil source was coconut oil. Only 5-7% used either sunflower or olive oil as added oil sources. One fourth of the study participants consumed added solid fat like butter or margarine, occasionally. Conclusions: Study participants consume a considerably higher proportion of SFA and a lower proportion of PUFA and MUFA compared with dietary guidelines recommended by the WHO for CVD risk reduction in adults.Item Combination burden of CVD through innovative strategies to improve BP control(Ceylon College of Physicians and Royal College of Physicians London, 2020) de Silva, A.ABSTRACT: Uncontrolled high blood pressure (BP) is the leading attributable risk factor for mortality globally. With over 1.3 billion people worldwide estimated to have hypertension, and just over one-third on any form of treatment, it has been estimated that approximately 20% of all deaths are attributable to non-optimal BP. Proportionately, more cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths occur in LMICs and Asians have enhanced susceptibility to vascular disease. Control of BP reduces cardiovascular morbidity and Mortality. However, despite wide availability of effective and inexpensive medicines to treat hypertension, less than one-third of individuals with hypertension have controlled BP. Persistent use of monotherapy, which has modest efficacy, and inappropriate lifestyles with poor awareness of CVD risk factors and low patient compliance are considered to be the main contributory factors to inadequate BP control among patients with hypertension. There is, therefore, a need to challenge traditional paradigms that are unlikely to effectively address the CVD crisis and develop innovative strategies both in terms of clinical care and health systems responses to improve overall outcomes. One such strategy was evaluated by us in the TRIUMPH study. In this trial of 700 patients with mild or moderate hypertension, initial treatment with or escalation of monotherapy to low-dose triple combination therapy significantly improved achievement of blood pressure targets. The other study (COBRA-BPS) involving more than 2500 participants demonstrated a low-cost, multi-component intervention delivered at community level through existing primary healthcare infrastructure led to better BP control in rural communities. Both these recently published studies will be presented during the oration.