Medicine
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This repository contains the published and unpublished research of the Faculty of Medicine by the staff members of the faculty
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Item Self-harm in children and adolescents who presented at emergency units during the COVID-19 pandemic: An international retrospective cohort study(Elsevier, 2023) Wong, B.H.; Cross, S.; Zavaleta-Ramírez, P.; Bauda, I.; Hoffman, P.; Ibeziako, P.; Nussbaum, L.; Berger, G.E.; Hassanian-Moghaddam, H.; Kapornai, K.; Mehdi, T.; Tolmac, J.; Barrett, E.; Romaniuk, L.; Davico, C.; Moghraby, O.S.; Ostrauskaite, G.; Chakrabarti, S.; Carucci, S.; Sofi, G.; Hussain, H.; Lloyd, A.S.K.; McNicholas, F.; Meadowcroft, B.; Rao, M.; Csábi, G.; Gatica-Bahamonde, G.; Öğütlü, H.; Skouta, E.; Elvins, R.; Boege, I.; Dahanayake, D.M.A.; Anderluh, M.; Chandradasa, M.; Girela-Serrano, B.M.; Uccella, S.; Stevanovic, D.; Lamberti, M.; Piercey, A.; Nagy, P.; Mehta, V.S.; Rohanachandra, Y.; Li, J.; Tufan, A.E.; Mirza, H.; Rozali, F.; Baig, B.J.; Noor, I.M.; Fujita, S.; Gholami, N.; Hangül, Z.; Vasileva, A.; Salucci, K.; Bilaç, Ö.; Yektaş, Ç.; Cansız, M.A.; Aksu, G.G.; Babatunde, S.; Youssef, F.; Al-Huseini, S.; Kılıçaslan, F.; Kutuk, M.O.; Pilecka, I.; Bakolis, I.; Ougrin, D.OBJECTIVE: To compare psychiatric emergencies and self-harm at emergency departments (EDs) 1 year into the pandemic, to early pandemic and pre-pandemic, and to examine the changes in the characteristics of self-harm presentations. METHOD: This retrospective cohort study expanded on the Pandemic-Related Emergency Psychiatric Presentations (PREP-kids) study. Routine record data in March to April of 2019, 2020, and 2021 from 62 EDs in 25 countries were included. ED presentations made by children and adolescents for any mental health reasons were analyzed. RESULTS: Altogether, 8,174 psychiatric presentations were recorded (63.5% female; mean [SD] age, 14.3 [2.6] years), 3,742 of which were self-harm presentations. Rate of psychiatric ED presentations in March to April 2021 was twice as high as in March to April 2020 (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.93; 95% CI, 1.60-2.33), and 50% higher than in March to April 2019 (IRR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.25-1.81). Rate of self-harm presentations doubled between March to April 2020 and March to April 2021 (IRR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.68-2.34), and was overall 1.7 times higher than in March to April 2019 (IRR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.44-2.00). Comparing self-harm characteristics in March to April 2021 with March to April 2019, self-harm contributed to a higher proportion of all psychiatric presentations (odds ratio [OR], 1.30; 95% CI, 1.05-1.62), whereas female representation in self-harm presentations doubled (OR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.45-2.72) and follow-up appointments were offered 4 times as often (OR, 4.46; 95% CI, 2.32-8.58). CONCLUSION: Increased pediatric ED visits for both self-harm and psychiatric reasons were observed, suggesting potential deterioration in child mental health. Self-harm in girls possibly increased and needs to be prioritized. Clinical services should continue using follow-up appointments to support discharge from EDs. DIVERSITY & INCLUSION STATEMENT: One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science. We actively worked to promote inclusion of historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science in our author group. While citing references scientifically relevant for this work, we also actively worked to promote inclusion of historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science in our reference list. The author list of this paper includes contributors from the location and/or community where the research was conducted who participated in the data collection, design, analysis, and/or interpretation of the work.Item Depression, anxiety and stress among nursing officers in a dedicated hospital for COVID patients in Sri Lanka: A Single institute experience(Professional Medical Publications, Pakistan, 2022) Pathiraja, P.D.M.; Srikanthi, W.S.; Jayamanne, B.D.W.; de Silva, H.S.The main objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression, among nurses working in a tertiary hospital dedicated to the COVID-19 patients in Sri Lanka. A cross-sectional study was carried out among nurses working at Colombo East Base Hospital. The data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire and DASS-21, a set of three self-report scales designed to measure the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety, and stress over three months from October 2020. Data were analysed applying descriptive statistics and inferential statistical methods. There was a total of 131 study participants (response rate 83 %), and most of them were working in general wards (56%), while 42% were in critical care units. The proportion of anxiety and stress is associated with nurses working in critical care units were significantly higher than those in general wards (p<0.001). There were no associations between sex, marital status, having children, experience, qualifications, and medical or psychiatric conditions (p>0.05). The system of reporting mental health issues was unfortunately not in place. Staff felt that reporting stress/burnout or anxiety might seem like a negative attribute. Considering the above factors, one would expect more prevalence than we have seen in this study; therefore, we can infer that if mental health is not prioritised in healthcare institutions, then definitely lack of awareness/openness and under-reporting by staff will result in a long-term systemic problem (Suffering in the name of Resilience).