Medicine
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This repository contains the published and unpublished research of the Faculty of Medicine by the staff members of the faculty
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Item Bridging the gap: Policy recommendations to address suicides committed by Indigenous youth in Victoria(AccScience Publishing, 2024-12) Shoib, S.; Das, S.; Saeed, F.; Chandradasa, M.; Zaidi, I.The Aboriginal population comprises 3.3% of the total Australian population, and youth represent 19% of this segment. In general, the Aboriginal inhabitants of Australia experience discrimination, limited access to education, and low socioeconomic conditions, and exhibit high mental disorder rates. The rate of suicide attempts by the Indigenous people of Victoria increased by 75% in 2021. This study examined the possible risk factors associated with suicides committed by Indigenous youth in Victoria. It focused on the health profiles of Victorian Aboriginal individuals, identified stakeholders who could help improve their mental well-being, addressed the needs and issues related to Aboriginal mental health, and examined substance abuse in this population segment. Finally, recommendations are offered to mitigate the studied problem. Rising suicide rates represent an urgent concern because they reflect the diminished mental health conditions of a society, particularly among its marginalized populations. It is crucial to develop an integrated suicide prevention act that takes into account the biological, psychological, social, cultural, and spiritual determinants of this population.Item Religion, spirituality, and coping among the psychiatric population: a narrative review(Academy Publisher, 2024) Shoib, S.; Das, S.; Gupta, A.K.; Ullah, I.; Javed, S.; Nocera, A.; Kar, S.K.; Chandradasa, M.; de Filippis, R.BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The impact of religiosity and spirituality on mental health is still far to be adequately explored. Evidence-based data gathering papers that bring together various perspectives and facets of religion in the mentally ill population is needed. Therefore, we conducted this review to summarise evidence on the subject and raise awareness. METHODS: We searched the literature using generic terms for ‘mental health and psychiatry’, ‘beliefs’, ‘religion’, ‘religious involvement’, ‘religiosity’, ‘spiritual aspects’, and ‘spirituality’, finally summarising all appropriate references. However, for this narrative revision, we collected papers addressing various perspectives, data, and facets of religion in the mentally ill population, a subject with theoretical and practical implications in mental health. RESULTS: The initial literature search found 21,723 total results: 1,723 from PubMed/Medline and Scopus, and up to 20,000 from Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Web of Science. After removing repetitions and applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, only six studies were included in this review on religion as an adaptive resource, and nine studies on religion, spirituality, and mental health. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence-based studies on the topic are still challenging to develop while maintaining a high scientific value. Notwithstanding this, religion and spirituality can have positive/negative clinical implications depending on how they are managed. Indeed, it can reduce suicidal risk, relieve depressive and anxious symptoms, and improve patients’ and caregivers’ coping and resilience. Nevertheless, it can enhance guilt, worsen/ generate obsessions, and compulsions in the obsessive-compulsive disorder and determine or associate with mystical-religious delusions in the maniacal phase of bipolar disorder.Item Factors behind suicides in Muslim countries: a global ecological study(Taylor and Francis Group, 2024) Shoib, S.; Tayyeb, M.; Armiya’u, A.Y.; Raaj, S.; Elmahi, O.K.O.; Swed, S.; Saeed, F.; Nahidi, M.; Bashir, A.; Chandradasa, M.This study examines the relationship between suicide rates and social, political, and economic factors in Muslim-majority countries, considering the influence of Islam and unique socio-cultural factors. Conducted from January to December 2022, it covered 46 countries, collecting data on suicide rates, income, Human Development Index (HDI), poverty rate, life expectancy, literacy rate, and political system. Suicide rates in Muslim-majority countries could be predicted based on HDI, poverty rates, life expectancy, and literacy rates. Frequency of suicide rates varied across continents, with the highest rates in Africa. Culturally sensitive suicide prevention programs are crucial for Muslim-majority countries.Item Parity of esteem: A global COVID‑19 vaccination approach for people with mental illnesses, based on facts from 34 countries; recommendations and solutions(Medknow Publications, 2024) Shoib, S.; Saeed, F.; Philip, S.; Chandradasa, M.; Das, S.; de Filippis, R.; Yousaf, Z.; Ojeahere, M.; Gad, H.K.; Yadivel, R.; Legris, Z.; Jatchavala, C.; Paul, R.; Gupta, A.K.; Handuleh, J.I.M.; Gürcan, A.; Costa, M.P.D.; Dannatt, L.; Ahmad, A.R.; Jaguga, F.; Saleem, S.M.; Sawitri, B.; Ari, N.; Islam, M.S.; Haque, M.A.; Őri, D.; Chumakov, E.; Swed, S.; Roza, T.H.; Islam, S.M.S.BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease (COVID 19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV 2), has detrimental effects on physical and mental health. Patients with severe mental illness are at higher risk of contracting the virus due to social determinants of health. Vulnerable populations include the elderly, people with pre existing conditions, and those exposed to SARS CoV 2. Unfortunately, only a few countries have updated vaccination strategies to prioritize patients with mental illnesses. Therefore, we aimed to explore whether individuals with mental disorders are prioritized in vaccine allocation strategies in different world regions. They are often neglected in policymaking but are highly vulnerable to the threatening complications of COVID 19. METHODS: A questionnaire was developed to record details regarding COVID 19 vaccination and prioritizations for groups of persons with non communicable diseases (NCDs), mental disorders, and substance use disorders (SUDs). NCDs were defined according to the WHO as chronic diseases that are the result of a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental, and behavioral factors such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, respiratory diseases, and diabetes. RESULTS: Most countries surveyed (80%) reported healthcare delivery via a nationalized health service. It was found that 82% of the countries had set up advisory groups, but only 26% included a mental health professional. Most frequently, malignancy (68%) was prioritized followed by diabetes type 2 (62%) and type 1 (59%). Only nine countries (26%) prioritized mental health conditions. CONCLUSION: The spread of the coronavirus has exposed both the strengths and flaws of our healthcare systems. The most vulnerable groups suffered the most and were hit first and faced most challenges. These findings raise awareness that patients with mental illnesses have been overlooked in immunization campaigns. The range of their mortality, morbidity, and quality of life could have widened due to this delay.Item Prevention of suicides associated with global warming: perspectives from early career psychiatrists(Frontiers Research Foundation, 2023) Shoib, S.; Hussaini, S.S.; Armiya'u, A.Y.; Saeed, F.; Őri, D.; Roza, T.H.; Gürcan, A.; Agrawal, A.; Solerdelcoll, M.; Lucero-Prisno Iii, D.E.; Nahidi, M.; Swed, S.; Ahmed, S.; Chandradasa, M.Climate change poses significant challenges to global mental health, with potential consequences including increased rates of suicide and mental health disorders. Early Career Psychiatrists (ECPs) play a crucial role in addressing these challenges. The Climate Psychiatry Alliance, a group of psychiatrists dedicated to improving mental health amidst climate change, recognizes the importance of cultivating climate-aware ECPs. Training ECPs to become confident climate-aware clinicians enables them to effectively treat patients experiencing anxiety, depression, and PTSD in the context of climate-related distress. Together with other mental health professionals, ECPs can contribute to efforts by implementing strategies for monitoring and treating mental health problems arising from climate events. Additionally, they can raise awareness about the psychological consequences and risks of suicide associated with climate change. Collaboration among ECPs from various regions is essential in developing community-based approaches and reducing vulnerabilities. ECPs must prioritize supporting vulnerable populations by advocating for increased funding for mental health support and research in affected areas. Long-term solutions to address the mental health impacts of climate change and global warming should be pursued to mitigate future suicidality. Integrating climate considerations into local mental health programs and expanding psychological support services is crucial. By promoting emotional resilience and self-awareness, ECPs can contribute to building a more climate-resilient and mentally healthy society.Item Prescribing Yoga for Mental Wellness: Need for a Nuanced Approach(Sage Publishing, 2024) Shoib, S.; Chandradasa, M.; Saleem, S.K.; Das, S.; Naqvi, S.A .A.; Kar, S.K.Item Sir Michael Rutter: Pioneer, legend, and father of modern child psychiatry.(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications in India, 2022) Shoib, S.; Siddiqui, M.F.; Saleem, S.M.; Chandradasa, M.No Abstract AvailableItem Children, adolescent, and youth mental health in Sri Lanka in the context of recent violence, COVID-19, and economic crisis: A call for action.(Elsevier, 2022) Shoib, S.; Chandradasa, M.; Rathnayake, L.; Usmani, S.; Saeed, F.No Abstract AvailableItem Relationship between childhood sexual abuse and suicidal behaviour in South Asian countries: A scoping review(Elsevier, 2022) Shoib, S.; Amanda, T.W.; Saeed, F.; Armiya’u, A.Y.; Patel, V.; Chandradasa, M.; de Berardis, D.Background: Sexual abuse is a global issue and happens in every culture and country. It is a risk factor for developing several mental disorders and suicide. While there are many studies on the relationship between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and suicide, there are no reviews on this association from South Asia. Aims: A scoping review to explore the association between CSA and suicidal behaviour in South Asian countries. Method: A literature search was conducted with Databases PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, and Scopus from January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2020 for articles related to child sexual abuse and suicidal behaviour. Studies from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka were included in the search. Results: Among 356 articles found, 45 publications were further evaluated based on exclusion and inclusion criteria, and 12 papers that reported quantitative outcomes of the association between CSA and suicidal experiences were included in the review. There were no eligible studies from Afghanistan, Pakistan, Nepal, and the Maldives. Due to the limited number of publications and the heterogeneity of the studies, a meta-analysis was not conducted. Most studies indicated that CSA is a risk factor for suicidal behaviour or suicide later in life. Further, cultural barriers prevent the disclosure of CSA in Asian communities. Conclusions: There is an association between CSA and suicidal behaviour in South Asian countries. Future studies should target socio-cultural aspects to develop preventive programs for CSA and later suicide.Item Exposure to violence and the presence of suicidal and self-harm behaviour predominantly in Asian females: scoping review(Springer Nature., 2022) Shoib, S.; Khan, S.; Baiou, A.; Chandradasa, M.; Swed, S.; Turan, S.; Armiya’u, A.Y.Background: Exposure to violence is associated with psychological distress, mental disorders such as depression,and suicidal behaviour. Most of the studies are conducted in the West, with limited publications from Asia. Thus, we conducted a scoping review of studies investigating the association between experiences of violence and later suicidal ideation/attempts from Asia in the twenty-frst century. Results: Many studies focused on domestic violence toward women in the Southeast Asian region. Sociocultural factors such as family disputes, public shaming, dowry, lack of education opportunities, and marriage life perceptions mediated the association. Many women exposed to violence and attempted suicide sufered from mental disorders such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress. The small number of suitable studies and the possible efect of confounders on participants were limitations in the review. Future studies would have to focus on specifc types of violence and ethnoreligious beliefs. Conclusion: Women in Asia exposed to violence appear to have an increased risk of suicidal behaviour and mental disorders. The early screening of psychological distress with culturally validated tools is essential for preventing suicides in Asian victims of violence.
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