Medicine
Permanent URI for this communityhttp://repository.kln.ac.lk/handle/123456789/12
This repository contains the published and unpublished research of the Faculty of Medicine by the staff members of the faculty
Browse
6 results
Search Results
Item Chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology: the tip of the iceberg?(Ceylon Journal of Medical Science, 2018) Wijerathne, B.T.B.; Meier, R.J.; Salgado, L.S.S.; Rathnayake, G.K.; Kumara, S.S.; Agampodi, S.B.No abstract available.Item Variations of the Superficial Palmar Arch in a Sri Lankan Perspective: A Cadaveric Study(Global Science and Technology Forum, 2014) Salgado, L.S.S.; Hasan, R.; Perera, A.A.M.M.S.L.; Wijesundara, W.M.R.D.; Anuradha, W.K.INTRODUCTION: The blood supply of the hand is a complex and challenging area of study. The clinical importance of this area lies in the significant number of surgical procedures such as radial artery conduits in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), radial arterial cannulation and reconstructive surgery of the hand. Anatomical variations in the typical blood supply of the hand are common and are an area of extensive research. METHODOLOGY: This descriptive study was carried out in the dissecting theatres at the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya on dissections carried out on 25 cadaveric hands. RESULTS: From the superficial palmar arches studied the following results were obtained. 88% were complete while 22% were incomplete. Specimens with contribution from both the radial and the ulnar arteries for the superficial palmar arches were 80%, while specimens with the contribution solely from the ulnar artery were 12%. 8% hands studied had contributions from the radial, ulnar and the median arteries. Three branches of the radial artery contribute to complete the superficial palmar arch. Of this 60% cadavers had the major contribution from the superficial palmar branch of the radial artery, 24% from the arteria princeps pollicis, and 16% from the first dorsal metacarpal artery. The contribution to the arterial supply of the radial side of the thumb was from the superficial palmar branch of radial artery in 80% of the cadavers while in 20% the contribution was from the arteria princeps pollicis. The contribution to the arterial supply of the ulnar side of the thumb was from the proper palmar digital artery arising from the superficial palmar arch in 44% hands and the contribution in 32% hands was from the arteria princeps pollicis while the contribution in 24% hands was from the first dorsal metacarpal artery. CONCLUSION: It is thus evident that significant anatomical variations of the superficial palmar arch exist in the Sri Lankan population. The arterial supply of the thumb also had significant changes compared to the descriptions given in standard text books.Item Characteristics of menarche in adolescent girls in Sri Lanka(Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya & Plan International, 2008) Salgado, L.S.S.; Abeysuriya, V.; Wickremasinghe, A.R.INTRODUCTION: Menarche is an important biological milestone in girls. The age at attainment of menarche is important for implementing programmes to improve the life skills of girls. OBJECTIVE: To describe the characteristics of menarche, the factors influencing the onset of menarche and to describe the knowledge, beliefs and practices during menarche of adolescent girls in Sri Lanka. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among girls 10-16 years of age in four schools situated in the Ragama Medical Officer of Health (MOH) area. Six hundred and sixty two girls were randomly selected and data were collected using a pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: The median age of our sample was 13 years (range 10-16 years); the mean and median ages of attaining menarche were 12,53 and 11,48 years respectively. The mean BMI of girls who had attained menarche was 17.6 (SEM 0.22) Kg/m2 and those who did not was 16.92 (SEM 0.32) Kg/m2. 47% of the girls had a menstrual cycle length of e" 29 days, 23.4% had irregular cycles and 59% reported that the duration of bleeding was 3-5 days. First borns reported a IcJwer mean age at menarche (12.34 years) than the later borns (12.6 years) (p=0.02). Girls from single child families, who were from higher social categories (Categories 1 & 2) and whose parents were educated beyond 0/L attained menarche earlier. 40.8% stated that menstrual blood is not dirty, 70% admitted that there was no prohibition of having cold or sour foods. The majority of the students had adequate knowledge regarding physical changes during menarche. Girls experienced negative emotions during menstruation. CONCLUSION: The median age of attaining menarche is 11.48 years. Girls experienced negative emotions during menstruation.Item Variations in the topographical anatomy of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and the inferior thyroid artery(Sri Lanka Medical Association, 2008) Subasinghe, T.V.; Salgado, L.S.S.; Fernando, R.; Abeysuriya, V.; Casather, D.M.; Willaraarachchi, W.A.M.A.OBJECTIVE: Thyroidectomy is a commonly performed surgery. Comprehensive knowledge in anatomical variation of the inferior thyroid artery (ITA) in relation to the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is mandatory for safe thyroid surgery. Data on variations in Sri Lankans is incomplete. DESIGN, SETTING AND METHODS: Thirty cadavers (20 male:10 female; range 56-87 years) were dissected to study the anatomical variations of the ITA in relation to the RLN. RESULTS: In 22 cadavers the right ITA originated from thyrocervical trunk, and in 8 it was a branch of the transverse cervical artery. On left, ITA originated from the thyrocervical trunk in 26 and from the transverse cervical artery in 4 cadavers. Branching of the artery was extra-capsular in 22(72%) on the right and 23(75%) on the left. On the right, the RLN was seen posterior to all the extra-capsular divisions of the ITA in 18(60%) cadavers, while in 7(22%) it was anterior. In 5(18%) cadavers it was between the divisions of ITA. On the left, it was 28(95%) and 2(5%) respectively (Z=2.74, P=0.006). The right RLN was seen in the tracheo-oesophageal groove in 26 cadavers (85%), while in 4(15%) it was on the antero-lateral side of die trachea. On the left, all the recurrent laryngeal nerves was seen in the tracheo-oesophageal groove. CONCLUSION: The anatomical variation is common in relation to the right RLN. These have implications in thyroid surgery and follow up.Item Obliterative endarteritis in placentae and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a case control study(Sri Lanka Medical Association, 2008) Salgado, L.S.S.; Casather, D.M.; Abeysuriya, V.OBJECTIVE: Obliterative endarteritis in placenta is known to interrupt the fetal circulation in hypertensive disorders related to pregnancy. DESIGN, SETTING AND METHODS: Case control study was performed among 196 pregnant mothers (median age of 29 years, range 15-42 years) with hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy and 150 normal mothers (median age 28 years; range 15-41 years). Mothers who had blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg or above on admission and remaining above that level after 24 hours of admission, mothers with diastolic blood pressure of 110 mmHg on admission, eclamptic mothers and known hypertensive mothers who are currently on antihypertensive drugs were included. All cases were classified as essential hypertension, pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH), pre-eclamptic toxaemia (PET), severe pre-eclamptic toxaemia and eclampsia. Haematoxyiin and Eosin stained placental tissue sections were visualized under light microcopy. Presence of Obliterative endarteritis was confirmed by the swelling, proliferation of endothelial cells, thickening of the basement membrane and fibromuscular sclerosis of the vessel wall. RESULTS: In controls, 61/150 (40.7 %) and in cases, 150/196 (76.5%) had endarteritis (P=0.001). Among the cases, placentae in mothers with essential hypertension, PIH and PET showed endarteritis in 24/34 (70.6 %), 73/93 (75.3%) and 29/37 (78.4 %) respectively. 24/32 (75%) placentae of mothers with severe pre-eclapmtic toxaemia and eclampsia had endarteritis (severe vs. non-severe hypertensive disorders, P=0.2). CONCLUSION: The incidence of Obliterative endarteritis in placenta is common in hypertensive disorders, but showed no significant difference with the different types of hypertensive disorders.Item Prevalence of osteoporosis in a sample of Sri Lankan urban population(Sri Lanka Medical Association, 2008) Karunanayake, A.L.; Salgado, L.S.S.; Abeysuriya, V.; Fernando, S.; Herath, H.M.R.P.; Kumarendran, B.; Premaratna, B.A.H.R.; Mahawithanage, S.T.C.BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mineral density and deterioration in the micro architecture of bone. It predisposes individuals to increased risk of fractures of the hip, spine and other skeletal sites. Peripheral DEXA (P-DEXA) scans are ideal for mass screening of bone mineral density (BMD). OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia in a sample of urban Sri Lankans. DESIGN, SETTING AND METHODS: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted at the Faculty of Medicine, University ofKelaniya from July 2007 to October 2007. The study subjects were selected from 22 Gramasevaka Niladhari Divisions of the Ragama MOH area. From each division, people aged 35 to 65 years were randomly selected from the voters list and invited to participate in the study. A P-DEXA scan was used to measure the BMD of the left middle finger. A T score of <-2.5 was considered as osteoporosis, -1 to -2.5 as osteopenia. These two categories together were considered low BMD. A T score of > -1 was considered normal. RESULTS: There were 731 subjects with a mean age (SD) of 52.5 (7.5) comprising 60% females. The prevalences of osteoporosis and osteopenia were 14% and 29% respectively. 20% of females and 6% of males were affected with osteoporosis. The prevalence of osteoporosis was 7% among those <50 years and 20% among those >50 years. CONCLUSION: There was a high prevalence of low BMD in this urban population. Prevalence of low BMD was higher among females and those over fifty years.