Medicine
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This repository contains the published and unpublished research of the Faculty of Medicine by the staff members of the faculty
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Item Differentiation of human male germ cells from Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells(Korean Society for Reproductive Medicine, 2018) Dissanayake, D.M.A.B.; Patel, H.; Wijesinghe, P.S.OBJECTIVE: Recapitulation of the spermatogenesis process in vitro is a tool for studying the biology of germ cells, and may lead to promising therapeutic strategies in the future. In this study, we attempted to transdifferentiate Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) into male germ cells using all-trans retinoic acid and Sertoli cell-conditioned medium. METHODS: Human WJ-MSCs were propagated by the explant culture method, and cells at the second passage were induced with differentiation medium containing all-trans retinoic acid for 2 weeks. Putative germ cells were cultured with Sertoli cell-conditioned medium at 36℃ for 3 more weeks. RESULTS: The gene expression profile was consistent with the stage-specific development of germ cells. The expression of Oct4 and Plzf(early germ cell markers) was diminished, while Stra8 (a premeiotic marker), Scp3 (a meiotic marker), and Acr and Prm1 (postmeiotic markers) were upregulated during the induction period. In morphological studies, approximately 5% of the cells were secondary spermatocytes that had completed two stages of acrosome formation (the Golgi phase and the cap phase). A few spermatid-like cells that had undergone the initial stage of tail formation were also noted. CONCLUSION: Human WJ-MSCs can be transdifferentiated into more advanced stages of germ cells by a simple two-step induction protocol using retinoic acid and Sertoli cell-conditioned medium.Item Stem cells and its clinical applications(Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Patel, H.The concept of stem cells was introduced by Alexander Maximow in the year 1909. Stem cells comprise of "primitive cells" that have the ability to divide indefinitely and give rise to specialized cells under specific conditions. Because of these two distinct characteristics they have received particular attention in recent decades. Stem cells have very potent clinical application in treating cardiovascular, pulmonary, spinal cord, skin, burns and wounds, gynaecological and orthopaedic disorders. Stem cells have proven to be a very good source for treating thin endometrium that could be one of the factors for infertility in women. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) improve vascular blood supply and incorporated into neovessels at sites of damage and significantly improved blood flow. EPCs regenerate the endometrial epithelium with its vascularity and make it mature enough for implantation. Recent findings suggest that ovaries contain stem cells which form new oocytes in adulthood and these can be cultured in-vitro to form mature oocytes. These findings provide new hope for fertility preservation. Even the advances in the technology has achieved to develop germ cells from pluripotent stem cells through iPS. Currently there are limited established clinical application though the research is going on using different type of cells for various different clinical conditions.