Medicine
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This repository contains the published and unpublished research of the Faculty of Medicine by the staff members of the faculty
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Item Prevalence and associated factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among adults in the South Asian Region: a meta-analysis(Elsevier, 2023) Niriella, M.A.; Ediriweera, D.S.; Withanage, M.Y.; Darshika, S.; de Silva, S.T.; de Silva, H.J.BACKGROUND: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the commonest chronic liver disease worldwide. We estimated the prevalence and predefined associated factors for NAFLD among South-Asian adults. METHODS: We searched PubMed and included descriptive, epidemiological studies with satisfactory methodology, reporting the prevalence of NAFLD with ultrasound. Two authors screened and extracted data independently. Gender, urban/rural settings, general population and individuals with metabolic diseases (MetD) stratified the analysis. In addition, a random-effects meta-analysis of the prevalence and effect sizes of associations of NAFLD was performed. FINDINGS: Twenty-two publications were included after the quality assurance process. The difference in the NAFLD prevalence between the general population and people with MetD was found to be statistically significant (Q = 15.8, DF = 1, P < 0.001). The pooled overall prevalence of NAFLD in the general population was 26.9% (95% CI: 18.9-35.8%) with high heterogeneity. The prevalence was similar among men and women (Q = 0.06, DF = 1, P = 0.806). The NAFLD prevalence in the rural communities was 22.6% (95% CI: 13.6-33.1%), and the prevalence in urban communities was 32.9% (95% CI: 22.8-43.8%) and the difference was not statistically significant (Q = 1.92, DF = 1, P = 0.166). The pooled overall prevalence of NAFLD in patients with MetD was 54.1% (95% CI: 44.1-63.9%) with high heterogeneity. The pooled overall prevalence of NAFLD in the non-obese population was 11.7% (95% CI: 7.0-17.3%). The pooled prevalence of non-obese NAFLD in the NAFLD population was 43.4% (95% CI: 28.1-59.4%). Meta-analysis of binary variables showed that NAFLD in the South Asian population was associated with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, general obesity, central obesity and metabolic syndrome. Gender was not associated with NAFLD. INTERPRETATION: The overall prevalence of NAFLD among adults in South Asia is high, especially in those with MetD, and a considerable proportion is non-obese. In the South Asian population, NAFLD was associated with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, general obesity, central obesity, and metabolic syndrome.Item Marriage patterns in Sri Lanka and the prevalence of parental consanguinity in patients with β-thalassaemia: a cross-sectional descriptive analysis(Cambridge University Press, 2020) Premawardhena, A.P.; de Silva, S.T.; Goonatilleke, M.D.D.C.; Ediriweera, D.S.; Mettananda, S.; Rodrigo, B.K.R.P.; Allen, A.; Weatherall, D.J.Consanguineous marriages potentially play an important role in the transmission of β-thalassaemia in many communities. This study aimed to determine the rate and socio-demographic associations of consanguineous marriages and to assess the influence on the prevalence of β-thalassaemia in Sri Lanka. Three marriage registrars from each district of Sri Lanka were randomly selected to prospectively collect data on all couples who registered their marriage during a 6-month period starting 1st July 2009. Separately, the parents of patients with β-thalassaemia were interviewed to identify consanguinity. A total of 5255 marriages were recorded from 22 districts. The average age at marriage was 27.3 (±6.1) years for males and 24.1 (±5.7) years for females. A majority (71%) of marriages were 'love' marriages, except in the Moor community where 84% were 'arranged' marriages. Overall, the national consanguinity rate was 7.4%. It was significantly higher among ethnic Tamils (22.4%) compared with Sinhalese (3.8%) and Moors (3.2%) (p < 0.001). Consanguinity rates were also higher in 'arranged' as opposed to 'love' marriages (11.7% vs 5.6%, p < 0.001). In patients with β-thalassaemia, the overall consanguinity rate was 14.5%; it was highest among Tamils (44%) and lowest among Sinhalese (12%). Parental consanguinity among patients with β-thalassaemia was double the national average. Although consanguinity is not the major factor in the transmission of the disease in the country, emphasis should be given to this significant practice when conducting β-thalassaemia prevention and awareness campaigns, especially in high-prevalence communities.Item High prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in Sri Lankan urban population – Data from Colombo Urban Study(Endocrine Society of Sri Lanka, 2019) Somasundaram, N.P.; Ranathunga, I.; Gunawardana, K.; Ediriweera, D.S.BACKGROUND: In recent decades, Sri Lanka has experienced rapid urbanization, with approximately 30% of the population currently residing in urban areas. We report the age- and sex-specific prevalence of dysglycaemia in an urban population in Colombo, Sri Lanka. METHODS: Using a stratified random sampling method, 463 subjects (139 men; 324 women) aged 18 years and above were included. Physical activity was quantified using international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). Bio impedence was used to estimate body fat. Insulin sensitivity was estimated using the HOMA calculations. Prevalence was estimated using weighted age standardized calculations. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to study associations to diabetes and prediabetes. RESULTS: There were 124 adults in the 18-40 age group (70% female), 209 adults in the 41-60 age group (73% female) and 130 adults in the > 60 age group (63% female). The overall prevalence of diabetes was 27.6% (95% CI: 23.7-31.4). The prevalence of diabetes in those aged 18-40 was 12.4% (95% CI: 6.4 -18.4), 36.1% (95% CI: 29.8 – 42.4) in those aged 41 – 60 and 48.3% (95% CI: 40.7 – 55.8) in those aged >60. Pre-diabetes was detected in 30.3% (95% CI 25.9-34.8) of the population (with either an HbA1c of 5.7-6.4%, FPG of 110-125 mg/dl or 2 Hr PPG of 140-199 mg/dl). Cumulative prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes in the population was 57.9%. CONCLUSIONS: This urban study demonstrates that along with the changes in the socio-demographic status, the metabolic profile of the Sri Lankan adult has transformed, with a high prevalence of dysglycaemia and obesity.