Medicine
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This repository contains the published and unpublished research of the Faculty of Medicine by the staff members of the faculty
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Item Use of a public-private partnership in malaria elimination efforts in Sri Lanka; a case study(BioMed Central, 2018) Fernando, D.; Wijeyaratne, P.; Wickremasinghe, R.; Abeyasinghe, R.R.; Galappaththy, G.N.L.; Wickremasinghe, R.; Hapugoda, M.; Abeyewickreme, W.; Rodrigo, C.BACKGROUND: In special circumstances, establishing public private partnerships for malaria elimination may achieve targets faster than the state sector acting by itself. Following the end of the separatist war in Sri Lanka in 2009, the Anti Malaria Campaign (AMC) of Sri Lanka intensified malaria surveillance jointly with a private sector partner, Tropical and Environmental Diseases and Health Associates Private Limited (TEDHA) with a view to achieving malaria elimination targets by 2014. METHODS: This is a case study on how public private partnerships can be effectively utilized to achieve malaria elimination goals. TEDHA established 50 Malaria Diagnostic Laboratories and 17 entomology surveillance sentinel sites in consultation with the AMC in areas difficult to access by government officials (five districts in two provinces affected by war). RESULTS: TEDHA screened 994,448 individuals for malaria, of which 243,867 were screened at mobile malaria clinics as compared to 1,102,054 screened by the AMC. Nine malaria positives were diagnosed by TEDHA, while the AMC diagnosed 103 malaria cases in the same districts in parallel. Over 13,000 entomological activity days were completed. Relevant information was shared with AMC and the data recorded in the health information system. CONCLUSIONS: A successful public-private partnership model for malaria elimination was initiated at a time when the health system was in disarray in war ravaged areas of Sri Lanka. This ensured a high annual blood examination rate and screening of vulnerable people in receptive areas. These were important for certification of malaria-free status which Sri Lanka eventually received in 2016.Item Nocturnal human biting behavior of Anopheles culicifacies in a hydro electric power project area situated in a sylvatic environment in the Central Province of Sri Lanka(Sri Lanka Association for the Advancement of Science, 2007) Kusumawathie, P.H.D.; Jayasooriya, G.A.J.S.K.; Abeyasinghe, R.R.; Wickremasinghe, A.R.Nocturnal human biting behavior of Anopheles culicifacies was studied from January 2006 - March 2007 at the Victoria hydro electric power generation project area in the Central Province of Sri Lanka. Monthly collections of indoor and outdoor, landing and biting, mosquitoes were made from 1700 - 0600 hours (13 hours) using 3 - 4 indoor and 4 -8 outdoor human baits. In each collection, human baits were seated with exposed hands and legs below the knees. Hourly collections of landing and biting mosquitoes on the exposed surfaces of the body using torches and aspirators were made and mosquitoes were identified to species. Data was summarised as the number of An. culicifacies collected indoors and outdoors each hour/bait separately. The majority (97.83%) of An. culicifacies bit outdoors as compared to indoors. There were monthly variations in the biting habits with the highest densities being observed from February to April. An. culicifacies bit throughout the night with peak biting hours from 2200 - 2400 hours. Previous studies indicated that the peak biting hours were earlier in the evening and the morning. Further studies are required to study the nocturnal human biting behavior of An. culicifacies in other areas of Sri Lanka since this information is very important in planning malaria control activities. However, preventive measures directed to protect the outdoor workforce in the Victoria project should be a priority. If space spraying is planned, it should be carried out between 2200 - 2400 hours to cover the peak biting period of An. culicifacies in the project area.