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Item Interrelationships Between Non-Financial Perspectives of Balanced Scorecard: Evidence from Sri Lankan Public Listed Companies(Department of Accountancy, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2024) Perera, P.R.M.R.; Kariyawasam, A.H.N.The objective of this study is to examine the interrelationship among the non-financial perspectives of the Balanced Scorecard. Out of 285 PLCs listed, 102 PLCs in the Colombo Stock Exchange; Sri Lanka have responded in this study and data collected with a standard questionnaire. Respondents were from the managerial capacity of the companies. The questionnaire captures all aspects that construct each non-financial perspective of the Balanced Scorecard using 5-point Likert scale. Two factors under each non-financial perspective, totaling to six factors were found through a factor analysis and the factors were used in finding the interrelationship between non-financial perspectives. Results reveal that the learning and growth perspective has a relationship with the internal business process perspective where both internal oriented learning and external oriented learning are highly correlated with collaborative process efficiency. The relationship between internal business process perspective and customer perspective is evidenced by the strong correlation that customer satisfaction has with both product delivery process efficiency and collaborative process efficiency. Learning and growth perspective reveals a relationship with the customer perspective having internal oriented learning strongly correlated with customer satisfaction. This study contributes to the body of knowledge by confirming the underlying assumption in the Balanced Scorecard and notifying firms that have or haven’t adopted the Balanced Scorecard approach with a general conclusion to focus on the non-financial perspectives by understanding the interrelationship between them.Item The Mediating Effect of Profitability on The Relationship Between Working Capital Management and Shareholder Wealth: Evidence from Colombo Stock Exchange(Department of Accountancy, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2024) Abeysinghe, A. M. N. D.; Wanigasekara, W. A. D. K. J.The management of working capital plays a crucial role in enterprises and has a substantial influence on the wealth of shareholders. Working capital management, profitability, and shareholder wealth have emerged as significant subjects of discussion in contemporary discourse, since they have been acknowledged as expansive areas of study. The primary aim of this research was to investigate the mediating role of profitability in the association between working capital management and shareholder wealth, focusing specifically on empirical data from the Colombo Stock Exchange. The working capital management was measured using Current Ratio, profitability was quantified by Return on Investment and shareholders’ wealth was measured through Tobin’s Q. Data for the research was collected by examining the annual reports of 100 non-financial firms listed on the Colombo Stock Exchange. Upon conclusion of the study, it yielded findings that addressed the research inquiries, so signifying the successful attainment of the research aims. This paper examines profitability, working capital management, and shareholder wealth in Sri Lankan businesses. A weak, but significant association between working capital management and all factors was found based on the correlation analysis. It was found a significant impact of working capital management on shareholders' wealth. Further, the findings revealed a significant impact of working capital management on profitability and a significant impact of profitability on shareholders’ wealth. Finally, it was evidenced that profitability plays a partial mediation role on the relationship between working capital management and shareholders’ wealth.Item Factors Affecting Share Prices of Finance Companies in Sri Lanka(Department of Accountancy, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2023) Pandigamage, N. G.; Ranaweera, D. C. P.The price of a share is influenced by a variety of internal and external factors. Internal factors are those dependent on the company, such as return on equity, and earnings per share. The external influences include raw material pricing, economic trends, inflation, investor confidence, interest rate, exchange rate, and other factors that are beyond the firm's control. Both kind of factors may influence the investor’s future expectations and risk-taking ability, and as a result that they take their investment decisions. This study aimed to examine the factors affecting share prices in finance companies in Sri Lanka for the period of five years, from 2017 to 2022. For that purpose, researchers selected the independent variable as the share price, while the dependent variables are earnings per share (EPS), return on equity (ROE), interest rate, inflation, and exchange rate. The researchers collected data from the CSE data library, Company annual reports, and Central Bank Reports. The STATA was used to analyze the data in this study. Descriptive Statistics, Correlation Analysis, Regression Analysis were performed as analytical tools. The findings highlighted that EPS and inflation positively impact raw material pricing, while ROE, interest rate, and exchange rate showed a negative impact. But only EPS shows a significant impact on the raw material pricing. This study suggested to take at least 10 years duration for data collection and consider more internal and external factors.Item Corporate Governance and Corporate Transparency: A Sri Lankan Case(Department of Accountancy, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2022) Ratnayake, D. A. W. M. S. P.; Rajakulanajagam, N.The main purpose of the research is to explore the impact of corporate governance on the corporate transparency of public listed companies in Sri Lanka. The content analysis was applied to measure the dependent variable, corporate transparency while independent directors, board size, female directors, dual leadership, cross directorship, audit firm size, related party transaction review committee and remuneration committee were used as the variables of corporate governance. This research study covers 100 public listed companies which have been listed on Colombo Stock Exchange in Sri Lanka representing eight sectors and secondary data were gathered from annual reports published on Colombo Stock Exchange for the period from 2018 to 2020. The data analysis was performed through correlation and regression analysis using EViews software. As per the results of regression analysis, it was shown that there is a significant impact of audit firm size and female directorship on corporate transparency. Distinct from the previous empirical research, corporate transparency was measured using a newly updated transparency and disclosure index based on the most recent corporate governance codes in 2017. The outcome of the study gives an insight into corporate governance and corporate transparency to regulators, policymakers, practitioners, researchers and investors by adding value to the existing literature.Item Differential Patterns of Textual Characteristics in the Chairman’s Statement and Company Performance: Evidence from Sri Lanka(Department of Accountancy, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2022) Rosa, S. J. S.; Kawshalya, M. D. P.Corporate annual reports are continuously getting important in external reporting. The chairman’s statement is one of leading section of annual report that provides information beyond what is required by the regulatory frameworks. It is well-known fact that, those who prepare financial statements have motivation to exercise the content of Chairman’s Statements. In Sri Lanka, since Chairman’s Statement being a prominent requirement of annual report, this research investigates the textual differences of chairman’s statement in companies with higher performance and poor performance in terms of market capitalization. The research question is investigated by examining a range of textual characteristics in the chairman’s statements of 25 companies with highest market capitalization and 25 companies with lowest market capitalization listed in the Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE). The results of the current study indicate that content of chairman’s statement significantly affected by firm’s underlying performance. Since, Chairman’s statement is one of the most widely read section of the annual reports, the findings of this study will provide guidelines and enhance the understandability of the stakeholders who make informed judgments and decisions regarding organizations by reading the chairman’s statement.Item Responses of Share Returns to Macroeconomic Information: An Empirical Examination of Bank, Finance and Insurance industry in Sri Lanka(Department of Accountancy, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2021) Waidyarathna, C. M.; Rajeshwaran, N.The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of macroeconomic variables on Share Returns of Banking, Financing, and Insurance (BFI) companies listed at the Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE). The Theory of Efficiency Market Hypothesis (EMH) is applied to investigate the research. The study used secondary data of companies listed under Banking, Finance and Insurance sector in CSE from 2010 to 2017. Macroeconomic variables include Exchange rate, Interest rate, Inflation rate and Broad Money Supply (M2). The macroeconomic data were collected from the Central Bank of Sri Lanka. Descriptive Statistics, Augmented Dickey-Fuller, unit root test, Johansen co-integration and vector error correction model were also used in analyzing the study. The co-integration test results depict the positive relation between the Total Return Indices in BFI sector with the interest rate and money supply. In contrast, the Exchange rate and inflation rate negatively affects the correlate with Total Return Index in the BFI sector. This study also emphasizes that there is no significant short-run causality from macroeconomic factors to Total Return Index (TRI). It is concluded that there is a minimum level of positive impact with interest rate and money supply in the long-run causality, while a negative effect with the exchange rate and inflation rate. The study supports the EMH, which states that it is immediately reflected in share return when new information comes into the market.Item Impact of Dividend Announcements on Share Prices: Evidence from Material Sector Companies Listed on the Colombo Stock Exchange(Department of Finance, University of Kelaniya., 2024) Suganya, D. F. J.; Vajeetharan, K.Purpose: Dividend announcements play a significant role in the financial market as it provides important information to investors regarding the financial health and future prospects of a company. The major aim of the study is to investigate the impact of dividend announcement on share prices and the informational content of dividend announcements pertaining to the listed material sector companies in Sri Lanka. Design/Methodology/Approach: A sample of 21 companies from the material sector was selected for the study. The daily closing stock prices and first and final dividend announcements for the period from 2017 to 2021 were used as the dependent variables and independent variables respectively. The event study method was employed to reach the findings. Findings: The findings of the study reveal that the dividend announcement leads to a positive market reaction and it supports the signaling theory. This study will be particularly useful to prospective investors in making decisions aligned with the dividend announcement pertaining to listed material sector firms in Sri Lanka. Originality: This study intends to examine the market reaction to dividend announcements specifically for material sector firms listed on the Colombo Stock Exchange in Sri Lanka, while previous studies have explored the signaling theory and market reactions to dividend announcements across all sectors in Sri Lanka. Further, it is unique in that it analyzes data collected during an abnormal situation in the country.Item Foreign Portfolio Investment and Earnings Quality: Evidence from Sri Lanka(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya., 2021) Wijesinghe, M. R. P.; De Silva, A. L. C. M.The development flows signs renewed foreign interest in the stock market during mid-2017, recording an all-time high in foreign purchases. With the realization of investment opportunities and potential in capital markets in Sri Lanka, foreign investors actively participated in trading in CSE making volatility in Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI), which lead the researcher to investigate the determinants of FPI under company performance (ROA, ROE and OPM), market-specific factors (MC, MI and BETA), earnings quality (EQ) measured by total accruals (TA) and macro-economic variables (IR and GDP) using evidence from Sri Lanka. Using the three dependent variables of TNFP, TFP, and TFS the researcher analyzed quarterly data for the period from 2011 to 2016 under panel data regression model and concluded, ROE, MC, MI, BETA, GDP Growth and IR has a significant relationship with foreign portfolio investment where the results suggested earnings quality does not have any impact on foreign portfolio investment. The findings of the study are especially useful for potential investors, regulators and the interested parties of investment decisions.Item Is the Market Efficiency Static or Dynamic – Evidence from Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE)(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya., 2018) Fernando, P. N. D.; Gunasekara, A. L.The study tests the weak form efficiency of the Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE) and the consistency of the concept. In this study, daily market closing index values of (All Share Price Index) ASPI of CSE for five years, from June 2010 to June 2015, without adjustments, have been selected as the sample. Both parametric tests and non-parametric tests have been used in this study. The evidence presented in this study confirms that CSE is not weak form efficient within the sample period and is consistent with the findings of previous studies. Therefore, the fact that Efficient Market Hypothesis as a dynamic concept is debatable as studies over the past have consistently confirmed that CSE is not in weak form efficient, although the efficiency of most markets is dynamic.Item Predictability of Stock Returns Using Financial Ratios: Empirical Evidence from Colombo Stock Exchange(University of Kelaniya, 2015) Wijesundera, A.A.V.I.; Weerasinghe, D.A.S.; Krishna, T.P.C.R.; Gunawardena, M.M.D.; Peiris, H.R.I.The purpose of this research is to examine the ability of the historical financial information in constructing a resilient value portfolio for investors by predicting stock returns in the Sri Lankan context. One of the most imperative and interesting phenomena for the investors and the analysts would be the stock returns from the financial markets. The present study will aim at mainly to assess correlation between financial ratios and the predictability of stock returns for companies listed on the Colombo Stock Exchange. This study applies ordinary least squares (OLS) techniques to estimate the predictive regressions in form of simple and multiple models of panel data sets. For the current study, 60 listed companies were selected and 10 years of data has been analyzed from 2004 to 2013. The results highlighted that ROE, EPS and MV/BV have a significant positive relationship with the stock return which is followed by a simple equation to predict the future stock returns. Hence the investors should consider these ratios of the companies and movement in these ratios in selecting a resilient portfolio to invest.