International Conference on Social Sciences (ICSS)
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Item How to Promote Tourism Industry for 21st Century? (An Analysis of Tourism Industry in the Uva Province)(4th International Conference on Social Sciences 2018, Research Centre for Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Gayathri, P.This paper focuses on an analysis based on ‘How to Promote Tourism Industry for 21st Century’. In Sri Lanka Tourism industry considered as much effective economic generating industry because, foreign exchange earnings, labor intensive, stimulate regional development & so on. However most of the foreign travelers to the island are attracted to tourism attractions in Sri Lanka. In fact, while considering about Uva Province in 21st century most of the nature lovers are attracted to natural attractions in the province. However, the only attraction is not natural attractions. The province is rich with much heritage and cultural attractions. By today Uva Province face critical problems as a result of exceeding the carrying capacity in natural attractions. To overcome the problem, we can promote heritage & cultural attractions around the area. Most of the heritage travelers attracted to most popular heritage sites in Sri Lanka such as Anuradhapura, Polonnaruwa, and Kandy etc. As a result of exceeding carrying capacity and other problems these sites get affected. These issues can be overcome by promoting virgin attractions to the travelers. Hence travelers can get experience not only with the nature, but also with heritage and culture by travelling to Uva Province. The travelers won’t get themselves exhausted by travelling to these sites because of the cold climate in the Uva Province. The full paper consists of five chapters. The first chapter, introduction part describes the selected area particularly and identifies the current situation. Learning objectives discuss about key outcomes and major objectives of the study. Review of Literature discusses the main theoretical points of the entire paper. As methodology and data analysis questionnaires were used and Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats (SWOT) analysis was used to clarify and find out the way to promote a new tourism trend for the 21st century in the Uva Province. The study reveals that promotional methods comparing other related attractions is an important strategyItem Public Relations and Communication Management Strategies in Sri Lankan Sinhalese Culture(Research Centre for Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Nandasiri, A.G.A.U.Public Relations and Communication Management strategies can be identified in any culture. This study explores the features of Public Relations and Communication Management in Sri Lankan culture. This research was conducted based on 16 geographical locations, which consist of Sinhalese customs, and ethics. The data was gathered by survey and ethnography. 60 interviews were conducted representing those areas in the survey. Moreover, primary data was collected by observing social incidents which happened in the field of study. Secondary data was gathered by exploring literary sources. Public Relations and Communication Management strategies depicted in Sri Lankan culture reflect a deep philosophical thought based on Buddhist philosophy. Public Relations and Communication Management features such as human feelings, behavior, phraseologies, stuff and places which are unique to Sinhalese folk-tradition could be identified. There is a network of inter-related connections with Public Relations strategies, which are shown in these cultural features, customs, and ethics. Respect, worshipping, gratefulness, cooperation, and beliefs are the spiritual base, which influenced on Public Relations and Communication Management strategies in Sinhalese folk-tradition. Behaviors of individuals are designed according to this spiritual basis. Thus, it is revealed that the established theories of the modern Public Relations could be more shaped by the use of the 'Human Relations' and Management strategies which is highly appreciated in Sri Lankan Sinhalese folk-tradition.Item A Historical Analysis on the Differences in the Rites and Rituals of Sri Lankan Food Culture(Research Centre for Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Hewawasan, H.H.N.S.The objective of this study is to investigate the changes undergo in Sri Lankan food culture according to the functions and festivals. This research was carried out based on the primary sources such as Mahawamsa, Saddharmalankaraya, Saddharamarathnawaliya, Pujawaliya, Rasavahini and several other secondary sources. In the ancient days, the folks had followed several rites and rituals based on their daily routines. This research scope covers a historical analysis on those rituals and rites since the beginning of the Anuradhapura period. Some of these rituals were mainly concerned on food. One such is the ceremony where a baby is fed for the first time: "indul katagaema" in Sinhala. Moreover, special cuisines had been followed in wedding ceremonies and funerals. Hence, based on this a "food culture" had been created. Irrespective of the difference in occasions, the same food item was being made in several methods according to the function. Furthermore, during puberty and Pregnancy periods, the food cuisines had undergone various changes depending on the nutritional needs. This is not only unique for Sri Lanka, but applicable for many countries in the world. However, there are distinct differences in the food culture between the rich and the poor. Nonetheless, depending on the method how the food is being used, their classifications can be differed. Conclusively, it can be stated that Sri Lanka has a unique food culture since ancient times.Item A Study on the cult of Goddess Pattini: with special reference to the left bank of Kelani River(Research Centre for Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Embuldeniya, P.The cult of goddess Pattini is famous in Sri Lanka and highly connected with Sri Lankan culture in many aspects. The main objective of this research is to explicate the cult of goddess Pattini with special reference to environs of the left bank of Kelani River. Therefore, this research was mainly conducted based on the areas of Kaduwela, Nawagamuwa, Hanwella, and Avissavella which are located at the left bank of Kelani River. The community lives at environs of the left bank of Kelani River are highly engaged with various cults, rituals and believes. Among those the cult of goddess Pattini could be considered as the most famous cult throughout the left bank of Kelani River. Especially, this cult has ranged historical background. Further, cult of goddess Pattini at the left bank of Kelani River has significance from archaeological and anthropological aspects. Nawagamuwa Pattini devalaya and Kaduwela Purana Ran Kadu Pattini devalaya are the main and distinguished Pattini devala located at the study area which receives the blessing of goddess Pattini. Furthermore, legendary aspect on the cult of goddess Pattini is related with the Korathota Rajamaha Viharaya and Abulgama Rajamaha Viharaya along with the main Pattini devala, and there could be found several Pattini devala at this study area. Medagoda Pattini devalaya and Kabulumulla Pattini devalaya are located at the right bank of Kelani River, and that emphasized Kelani River has strong relationship with the cult of goddess Pattini. Moreover, there could be identified unique rituals and believes connected with the cult of goddess Pattini at the left bank of Kelani River, and the significance of cult of goddess Pattini as a part of Sri Lankan culture and heritage. Therefore, this research will be described the cult of goddess Pattini at the left bank of Kelani River with special attention on historical background and legendary aspect, rituals and believes, archaeological evidences of Pattini devala, and the importance of safeguarding intangible and tangible heritage through the collected data from library survey method and field research method.Item Changing patterns of food consumption with special reference to egg, fish and meat in India(University of Kelaniya, 2013) Chrispin, C.L.; Ananthan, P.S.; Jackson, P.M.; Sandeep, P.An analysis of food consumption patterns and how they are likely to shift as a result of several factors is important to address the food security-related policy issues of any country. Real GDP growth which is outstripping population growth is making the average Indian per capita income to rise but this is accompanied by a fall in the per capita consumption of staple food. This decline indicates improvement in the welfare, as laid down by Engel‟s hypothesis. The objectives of the study are to (1) analyse the pattern of food consumption (egg, fish, meat) among rural and urban sectors in 15 major states of India to reveal the trend and changes taking place in recent years. (2) To find out the impact of increasing average Indian Monthly Per Capita Expenditure (MPCE) over the cultural preferences of vegetarian and non-vegetarian food items. The study was based on secondary data from National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO)‟s household consumer expenditure surveys (CES). The four quinquennial surveys (50th, 55th, 61st and 66th rounds corresponding to 1993 to 2010) were made use of for mapping the consumer expenditure on meat, egg and fish products in different states of India while the earlier 27th round survey data was used as a benchmark to map changes over the years. Based on Monthly Per Capita Expenditure (MPCE), 15 major states were classified into 3 groups namely High, Medium and Low MPCE States, and then comparison of their expenditure for egg, fish, meat for the past 20 years were made. Analysis was done using Microsoft Office Excel ver. 2007. The study clearly indicated two important points related to Indian food consumption pattern over the decades. One, the proportion of expenditure for food items in total monthly per capita expenditure (MPCE) is declining gradually, whereas the share of expenditure for non-food items is vice-versa in both, rural as well as urban sector of all Indian states. Between 1972-73 and 2004-05, the share of food in total consumer expenditure has fallen from 73% to 55% in rural areas and from 64% to 42% in urban areas (NSSO, 2010). Two, decline in the expenditure towards food consumption is falling because of shift in consumption away from cereals to high calorie commodities such as meat, milk, fish etc, in other words from low value to high value commodities. Even though, there are several reasons claimed to be behind such a scenario, the impact of Liberalization, Privatization, Globalization (LPG) reforms caused the major change, which led Indians to spend more lifestyle spends rather than regular spends. Changing income/MPCE levels as well as changes in taste/choices seems to impact the basket of food consumption (egg, fish, and meat). However, the deep rooted cultural preferences especially for non-vegetarian food still hold sway in rural areas in North Indian States of Haryana and Rajasthan though urban consumption trends are fast changing here as well. Further field-level studies are required to validate some of these inferences.