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Item Identification formats and levels in Machine Readable Cataloging Standards for Library Automation of University Libraries in Sri Lanka(International Conference on Applied Social Statistics (ICASS) - 2019, Department of Social Statistics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2019) Rathnayaka, D.; Wasala, W. M. T. A. P.Operating all library functions by using computers without manual activities is Library Automation. Library automation has been developed for library in-house operations including acquisition, cataloguing, circulation, serial controls, user controls, budgeting and reporting such as selective dissemination of information. Library Management Systems (LMS) are being used to automate most of the university libraries in Sri Lanka. In 1960, Computers had been used for cataloguing purposes (Ghaebi et al., 2010). The functions included in LMS are mainly based on the Cataloguing standard. For example, KOHA was created depending on MARC standards. Machine Readable Catalogue (MARC) is not only a cataloguing function but, a method of cataloguing based on computer or machine and it is a scientific format for creating and identifying bibliographical information in LMS. During 1965 to 1966, MARC I was published under the project named “Pilot Project” eventually MARC II in 1967(Ghaebi et al., 2010, Henriette, 1968). MARC 21 was published after IFLA - UNESCO conference in 1972. UNIMARC, CANMARC, UKMARC, INDOMARC are some of the MARC standards which were introduced later (Ghaebi et al., 2010). Fifteen government Universities under University Grants Commission have been used both Open Source Library Management Systems (OSLMS) and Commercial Library Management Systems (CLMS) for library automation. KOHA OSLMS was used twelve out of fifteen university libraries, other universities used CLMS for the library activities in January 2019.Item Investigate the issues in applying the Machine Readable Cataloguing Standard for the library automation in University Libraries in Sri Lanka(4th International Conference on Social Sciences 2018, Research Centre for Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Rathnayaka, R.M.D.P.; Ven.Rewatha, P.Machine Readable Catalogue (MARC) is not a kind of catalogue and is a method of cataloguing based on computer or machine. In 1960, Computers had been used for cataloguing purposes. MARC I, MARC II, UNIMARC and MARC 21 are some of the catalogue standards were introduced in later. 15 University Libraries and two other higher Educational Institution libraries used Open Source and Commercial Library software for automation. The objective was to investigate the issues and loopholes in applying MARC standards for automation in university libraries in Sri Lanka. The Survey design was the method of the study and the sample of the study was Simple Random Sample, 5 University Libraries were selected. A structured questionnaire delivered for 5 for University Librarians. 15 for Senior Assistant Librarians, 10 for Assistant Librarians, 5 for those engaged in the catalogue using MARC and 25 Library Assistants for obtaining primary data. In addition, discussions, interviews, observation and searching Online Public Access Catalogues were applied for primary data collection. Three out of 5 University libraries used KOHA. ALICE FOR WINDOWS and LIBSYS were used in other two libraries. Library using KOHA adopt MARC 21 on rudimentary basis while other libraries apply their own inbuilt standard based on the Library Software. According to the study, there is no proper MARC standard followed as well as no proper levels applied seen. The awareness level of staff on MARC and its use were very low. The complexity of MARC and its diversified fields was the main obstacle they face and 55% of staff endorsed the fact. Due to the time, wasting and related problems were evolved. As solutions, training and awareness programs on MARC and its application should be conducted for the staff. They have to be motivated by giving an interest and awareness for them. 80% of the staff endorsed that proper MARC standard system should be introduced for the use of university libraries. It is proposed a Uniform MARC standard system should be established under the National Library and Documentation Service Board, Sri Lanka.Item A Comparative Study on Differences between Anglo - American Catalogue Rules (AACR II) and Resource Description and Access (RDA)(Department of Library and Information Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Sumana Thero, BodagamaAnglo - American Catalogue Rules II in 2008 and Resource Description and Access are basically used to cataloguing libraries. This study investigates differences between AACR II and RDA. Resource Description and Access is a new standard for description and access knowledge. AACR depends on ISBD standard and RDA was based on Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records(FRBR) and Functional Requirements for Authority Data(FRAD). According to this study, it can be identified differences of both cataloguing rules such as Parallel titles, statement of responsibility, publication information and dates, relationship designators, capitalization , treatment of typos or errors found on the resource, square brackets and fictitious entities and non-human entities can be creators or contributors. Fundamentals of AACR II and RDA are also different. Mainly, AACR II is a printed source, rules are created for both content and display and designed for card catalogues. RDA is an online source and web based one, rules are created only for the content and designed for a digital world. Therefore, Librarians have been focusing attention on RDA rules rather than AACR II in order to develop future virtual library concept with regarding to web based description and access to digitized knowledge and information.