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Item Land Acquisition Policy and Social Violence: A Study of Kakinada Special Economic Zone, Andhra Pradesh State, India(4th International Conference on Social Sciences 2018, Research Centre for Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Muralikrishna, G.The social violence unleashed by developmental projects has reached unimaginable proportions in the developing societies like India with land acquisition, displacement, dispossession, loss of livelihoods being the main consequences of it. Projects undertaken in the name of development are posing a serious threat to millions of people attracting widespread protests from them. Development related violence is manifest in the form of land acquisition, displacement and violence is sought to be camouflaged in the name of development. The setting up of the Special Economic Zones (SEZs) is an important initiative in this process. This study critically examines the development induced violence by taking up the case of special economic zones launched in India which have resulted in the displacement of thousands of families through the acquisition of their farm lands and rendering them landless and homeless and thereby contributing to their distress. Through the case study of the Kakinada Special Economic Zone in the state of Andhra Pradesh State, India, which has witnessed large scale rural unrest mass protests, this paper attempts an in-depth analysis of displacement, dispossession and violence thus induced on various sections of society and the resultant disarray in the social fabric of villages effected by itItem Rumors as a Political Instrument: Transformation of Interpersonal Rivalry to Inter-Ethnic Riot: A Study Based on Riot in Mawanella 2001(4th International Conference on Social Sciences 2018, Research Centre for Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Gunasekara, S.; Epa, H.The rumor is one important means of mobilizing force for conflict. It work as a justification for resorting to violence. The problem was “increasing the density of the ethnic riot by rumors”. Objective was finding out how rumors pave the way for expand communal rivalries to interethnic riot. The present study is an exploratory which describes the ethnic relations and rivalries in ethnic township of Mawanella, Sri Lanka. It was based on primary and secondary data. Tools employed in collecting data include discussion with key informants, and others in face to face contact in the process of data collection and observation. The findings were, through pre – riots, an attempt had been made to arouse ethnic sentiments. An ethnic crowd are not known to each other personally and imaginary. So, a threat aimed at a member of the same ethnic group that they belong to is considered as a threat at them. The attempt made by the pre – riot rumors had been to cater such emotions. By the present emotion revealed, what could be interpreted is, that riot leaders of both Sinhalese and Muslim communities, have made an attempt to support. Some rumors have used to adopt religious fervor as an instrument to retaliate. In analysing the nature of the various rumors spreading during the post – riot situations, it looks like designing to continue the stressful conditions without a break. Rumors had been fabricated by the spoilers in conflicting situation; they were politicians, extremist religious leaders or robbers and thieves. Conclusion of the study are Rumors are structurally embedded in the riot situation and they facilitate communal violence, in many ways, because they are satisfactory and useful to rioters and their leaders, and efforts to counter rumors to misdirected and it promote either involvement or none involvement. Rumors are employed by both sides to mobilize the members of ethnic communities to face real or imagined damages for the people as a community and the cultural symbols of the community by the said to be enemy communityItem Evangelical Christian Dynamics in Sri Lanka(University of Kelaniya, 2005) Nanayakkara, S.During the last six decades, but more specifically during the last two decades, many parts of South Asia, including Sri Lanka, witnessed a relatively a large influx of new Christian sects based in US, Europe and East Asia. In Sri Lanka, in recent times, this situation has led to heightened tension among religious communities and in certain instances given way to violent conflict. An alarming trend has been the recent wave of organized attacks on evangelical churches in Sri Lanka. Another significant development in the so-called unethical conversions discourse has been the proposal of anticonversion bills in the parliament by the Jathika Hela Urumaya, a party made of Buddhist monks and the Minister in charge of Buddhist Affairs. In this paper, I will discuss why people join these evangelical movements and assess the consequences of dynamics of new Christianities in Sri Lanka. I have come to the conclusion that the popular explanation of the alleged economic incentives offered by these groups is inadequate to understand why people join these new Christian sects and remain in them. The reasons for membership in these groups are varied and complex. The behaviour of some of these groups has been a catalyst for conflict formation. Moreover, there also seems to be a link between extremist nationalist politics and violence directed against evangelical Christian sects operating in Sri Lanka. The study is based on selected areas in Sri Lanka. Participant observation and in-depth interviewing are the major methodologies used in the study.Item Ethnic Violence in Sri Lanka: Comparing Security Solutions from other Similar Intractable Conflicts(University of Kelaniya, 2005) Imre, R.; Govinnage, S.Sri Lanka has been a focus of international attention since July 1983 due to the ongoing civil war, which has claimed over 60,000 people since it broke out. The civil war and associated ethnic violence has not only claimed human lives, but also delayed social advancement and economic prosperity in this island nation once regarded as a model for a developing nation. Despite international intervention for a ‘peaceful solution’ the country is at crossroads with an uncertain future. This paper will explore the possibility of moving beyond the irreducible categories of ethnicity and show how other peoples have overcome similar violent political conflicts elsewhere emphasising the possible lessons for Sri Lanka. When we look at intractable conflicts around the world, we often find political actors who are entrenched in their own battles for power. This power manifests itself in a number of ways such as, territory, voting rights, special concessions, language rights, cultural rights, as well as several other political expressions of a struggle for power and authority. In many cases, the struggle for power must take on an ethnic dimension in order to ensure that the conflict is one between two distant ‘others’. Without this dimension it might not be possible to negotiate on a type of universality and core values that bind ‘ethnicities’. In this paper we will draw out the similarities of these conflicts to some aspects of the civil war in Sri Lanka in an attempt to provide a set of comparative political tools for the understanding of similar conflicts around the world.Item Judicial administration in ancient Sri Lanka(University of Kelaniya, 2013) Wimalasena, N.A.Laws and Legal institutions are of vital importance for the security and progress of any society. Laws restrain members of a community from involving in crimes and acts of violence. There are prescribed punishments for specific offences. The present legal system consists of two parts, namely Civil Law and Criminal Law. Criminal law relates to crimes such as theft and murder. It consists of two parts, namely iniquitous and non-iniquitous crimes. Grave crimes carry the penalty of death or life- imprisonment. In the case of less serious crimes, the punishment is light. Civil Law pertains to matters relating to commerce, health, marriage, lands, property, water management, etc. The administration of laws requires the maintenance of courts, and tribunals and the appointment of judges at various levels. In the present study, attention will be focused mainly on courts and judges of Pre-modern Sri Lanka with special emphasis on the administration of civil and criminal laws. Courts and judges occupy a very important place in the modern legal system. There are many references in literature and inscriptions to courts of law and judicial administration in ancient and medieval Sri Lanka The research will be mainly based on primary sources; Pali chronicles, commentaries, Samantapasadika, Vamsatthappakasini, and Sinhala texts such as the Pujavaliya, Saddharmarathnavaliya and Saddharmalankaraya. Epigraphic notices are also significant as sources of information. Wherever necessary, material will also be obtained from limited secondary sources published on the ancient legal system of the island.