International Conference on Sanskrit Studies (ICSS)

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    An Examine on Whether Kautilya ArthaShasthrya has affected to the Settlement of Lankan Administrative System.
    (International Conference on Sanskrit Studies, 2017 Department of Sanskrit, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2017) Sumanasena, M.W.N.T.; Jayashani, H.L.
    Maurya was a powerful dynasty in India. Wiseman Kautilya (Chankaya) can be recognized as the basement. The book composed including state administrative principles made in winning states not only in Maurya era but afterward kings too. It includes 15 forensic and 180 expositions which were used by Indian royalists.It seems Indian royalist’s states and also for the Sri Lankan political context this book has contributed. The main aim of the study is to examine how this has laid for the administrative system of Sri Lankan kings this political theory. Mainly here literature and archeological sources were compared. Some political philosophies concepts have made its way for the beginning and expansion of political bodies in Lankan context which have written in arthaShasthraya and Lankan sources prove it. Specially appointment of king establishment of state, appointment of administrative officers and war strategies have influenced. It can assume that kings have use book directly for the rule according to chronicles. Successful ruling system for Indian and Lankan kings had made by this. Especially king Parakramabahuof Polonnaruwa has follow war strategies. Appointment of administrative officer under king and allocating officers to various sections, selection of land, state expansion match with Lankan kings and ArthaShasthraya ideologies. The study reveals ArthaShasthrya has influenced system composition.
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    Theories mentioned in Sanskrit crafts literature regarding the manufacture of spittoons.
    (International Conference on Sanskrit Studies, 2017 Department of Sanskrit, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2017) Devagoda Piyaratana Thero
    Ancient spittoons and chunam boxes are exceptional metal creations. Their exceptionality is due to their being manufactured with special skills. Such knowledge was transmitted to the workers concerned through Sanskrit literature on crafts. One theory about spittoons is that its mouth’s diameter should be one third the height of the entire object. Two-thirds of that height should form the space area of the spittoon bottom. The remaining one-third should form the base of the spittoon. This indicates that the width of the base is half that of the mouth of the spittoon. Another theory is the following. Should the diameter of the spittoon mouth be divided into five parts, the total height of the spittoon would consist of three such parts. Two of the three such parts would contain the body of the spittoon. One of these parts would form its base. The width of the base mouth is the equivalent of one part of the mouth width of the spittoon. The shape of the spittoon mouth is that the lotus flower. There are two types of spittoons. The first is relatively long. The other is relatively short. The discovery of the manner in which above mentioned theories have influenced the manufacture of spittoons forms the subject of this research. Another purpose of this research is the making known of these theories to modern manufacturers of such artefacts. In the course of this research the national museums of Colombo, Kandy, the Martin Wickremasinghe peoples’ museum, as well as spittoons still in the possession of ancient families were subjected to examination. The theories under consideration are only relevant as regards the short version of the spittoon. Although the lotus form is the predominant shape of classical spittoons, there are however other variants as well. It must be mentioned that the present day flower vases came into being through the popularization of spittoons. Spitoons manufactured by modern skilled workers lack the qualities of the ancient ones. Making the modern manufacturers aware of these ancient artifacts would influence them to a greater imitation of the classical types.