YRS2023
Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://repository.kln.ac.lk/handle/123456789/26386
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Item Vestibulo-ocular reflex gain for adults 20-30 years(Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2023) Fasra, M.F.F.; Karunarathne, S.; Dantanarayana, N.INTRODUCTION: Vestibular Ocular Reflex (VOR) is a critical visual component that ensures gaze stability during head movement, with counter eye movement due to activation of vestibular system. The video Head Impulse Test (vHIT) is an objective assessment of the VORfunction of the semicircular canals by measuring VOR gain. OBJECTIVE: To establish norms for the vestibulo-ocular reflex gain for healthy adults aged 20-30 years through the video head impulse test. Furthermore, the study analyzed the association of VOR gain with age and the asymmetry of VOR gain between ears. METHODS: 178 persons with normal peripheral hearing sensitivity and no known vestibular disorder were selected through convenient sampling. A series of testing in three stages was conducted along with an interviewer administered questionnaire. Instantaneous gain at 40 ms, 60 ms, 80 ms for both rightward and leftward rotations were used separately to analyze the data. RESULTS: The mean horizontal VOR velocity gain was 1.05(+0.195) for the right and 0.98(+0.191) for the left, at 40ms, 1.10(+0.146) for the right and 1.06(+0.13) for the left, at 60ms, 1.09 (+0.163) for the right and 1.08(+0.156) for the left, at 80 ms.No significant relationship was identified with age and VOR gain in either ear except for 80ms in the left ear (F=(1,153)= 4.97, p =0.03) which gradually decreased with the participants’ age and this linear relationship was significant. CONCLUSION: The horizontal VOR velocity gain remained around one in all tested subjects for both right and left, with a significant association only at 80ms with age among 20 -30 years. Established normative values permit the comparison of test results and identification of deviations in that age group.Item Perspectives of special education teachers on using Individualized Education Plans during online education for children with Autism between 5 to 10 years of age in Gampaha district.(Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2023) Amarasinghe, W.M.A.G.A.S.; Hettiarachchi, Y.K.K.INTRODUCTION: Preterm infants are admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for special care and monitoring due to their various complications. Anecdotally, during the hospitalization in the local NICU, mothers’ and fathers’ involvement and confidence in the feeding-related care of their premature infants is low and there is a lack of interaction between the infant. OBJECTIVE: To explore both mothers’ and fathers’ experience of feeding-related care of their premature infants while admitted to a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Sri Lanka. METHOD: A qualitative study using a phenomenological approach was carried out among ten couples of participants who have premature infants (born between 28 -37 weeks gestational age) with admitted to the NICU due to feeding difficulties. A semi structured interview was conducted via telephone using an interview guide with 15 open ended questions. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Three themes and subthemes emerged. The main themes were Parental role, Parent-infant closeness and separation in NICUs and Speech and Language Therapy services support for feeding related care in a local NICU. The results illuminated that the majority of mothers had a minimal role in the NICU and all the fathers reported that they have been excluded from infant care in the NICU. CONCLUSION: Overall there is a lack of satisfaction on the minimal parental involvement in infant feeding care in the NICU. Mothers’ and fathers’ perceived experience and knowledge received during hospitalization differently. In Sri Lanka fathers are the ‘forgotten’ parent in terms of early feeding interventions. Parents show a satisfaction about the support of the NICU staff and SLT.Item Health-related quality of life of parents of children with feeding disorders in Sri Lanka(Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2023) Nirmani, N.; DharmarathnaINTRODUCTION: Parents of children with Feeding Disorders (FD) have to be much stronger in their lives with keeping good Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL), as they are primary caregivers of children. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to examine the impact of children's feeding disorders on their parents' health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in Sri Lanka. RESULTS: Demographic, economic, and feeding history were obtained from 246 parents of children with feeding disorders between the ages of 6 months and 7 years, who are receiving feeding therapy at a community multidisciplinary care centre. Participants completed standard adapted assessments on identifying the severity of FD (Pedi-EAT) and the impact of it on their HRQoL FS-IS). A statistical analysis was performed on FS-IS and demographic, socio economic, and dysphagic data using SPSS (26.0). The results indicated that caring for children with feeding/swallowing issues negatively affected the caregivers' health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Independent sample t-test revealed that mothers of children with FD have significantly lower HRQoL compared to fathers (t(246)= -.947, p=.001). HRQoL of parents significantly decreased when the severity of feeding disorders of their children was higher. Similarly, long-term FD in children showed significantly higher worry among parents and restrictions to their daily activities, reducing their HRQoL. CONCLUSION: The findings of the study expand our understanding on the impact of paediatric feeding disorders on the parents and families, which is a critical element determining the effectiveness of healthcare intervention for children with FD and their prognosis. Clinicians need to pay attention to factors that could improve HRQoL of parents of children with FD, in order to offer more effective care.Item Experiences of adults with neurological communication disorders using aided Augmentative and Alternative Communication systems in a lower-middle income country(Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2023) Arachchi, R.H.; Atapattu-Bakmeewewa, D.INTRODUCTION: Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) systems play a key role in the assistance of people with communication impairments, acquired or congenital. It maximizes the individual’s functional levels by providing an effective communication for their daily needs. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to identify the types of AAC systems used by adults with acquired communication impairments and describe the adult AAC experience, particularly the facilitators and barriers faced when using an aided AAC system in the local context. METHOD: A qualitative study was conducted to identify the facilitators and barriers of using aided AAC systems. 8 adult participants with complex communication needs who use aided AAC, and their communication partners were recruited to the study. Semi structured individual interviews were conducted as face to face and online. All the interviews were video recorded and analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: Writing, communication board, typing, and Avaz app were the aided AAC methods used by participants in this study. The overall experience of AAC use was positive for both adults and their caregivers. The study identified several barriers and facilitators that had an impact on effective AAC use, some specific to the adult population. In most cases the AAC user and their family was well informed of the recommended AAC system by the clinician. Caregivers suggested changes to high tech devices, which they envisioned would lead to higher user satisfaction. CONCLUSION: This study emphasizes the importance of understanding the advantages and limitations of the many available aided AAC systems, which then allows a more conscious recommendation based on the patient’s need.Item Experiences and Expectations of Adults who Stutter Attending Speech and Language Therapy for Stuttering in Sri Lanka(Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2023) Ampemohotti, A.M.N.L.; Nonis, D.INTRODUCTION: The role of adults who stutter (AWS) in stuttering treatment has evolved from a passive recipient to an ‘expert’ partner in the collaborative therapeutic process. There is limited understanding of the experiences and expectations of AWS in relation to speech and language therapy for stuttering in the Sri Lanka. OBJECTIVES: The study explored experiences and expectations of adults who stutter attending speech and language therapy for stuttering in Sri Lanka. METHODOLOGY: This study used a generic qualitative approach. Online semi-structured interviews were conducted in Sinhala language via Zoom with 12 AWS recruited from a state university clinic in Sri Lanka. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, translated into English language, and analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: Four themes were developed from the data: 1) limited awareness of stuttering and its management, 2) impact of stuttering on AWS, 3) experiences of coping with stuttering before attending therapy, and 4) perceptions towards successful management of stuttering. Many participants’ expectation for therapy was to improve fluency. The results indicated contrasting experiences of AWS before and after successful management of stuttering and multiple personal, therapeutic, and social factors that contribute to achieving successful therapeutic outcomes. CONCLUSION: The study emphasizes the importance of individualized therapy to improve the likelihood of successful therapeutic outcomes. Being absolutely fluent is not a necessary criterion for the successful management of stuttering. The findings highlight the need to promote awareness of stuttering and its management and the profession of speech and language therapy among the Sri Lankan public.Item “Vivesa”: Let’s read storybooks - Evaluating the effectiveness of an online, self-paced training intervention for Sinhala speaking parents of children with complex communication needs: A pilot study(Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2023) Jayathilake, S.A.H.D.; Muttiah, N.A.INTRODUCTION: A majority of the parents of children using augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) do not have sufficient knowledge to facilitate effective communication opportunities. Hence, the study focused on evaluating the effectiveness of an online, self-paced training for parents of children with complex communication needs. The intervention aimed to promote the effective incorporation of the children’s AAC systems during shared storybook reading through the implementation of Read, Ask, Answer, Prompt (RAAP) strategy. METHOD: The study used the one-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design with eight parent-child dyads recruited from Ayati Center, Ragama. A pretest was conducted at the baseline. After completing the online training and the subsequent coaching sessions, post-tests were conducted with each dyad. The video recordings collected during the pre and post-tests were coded to count the number of accurate RAAP strategy implementations. A paired samples t-test was conducted to test the statistical significance of the participants’ improvement. RESULTS: The findings of the paired sample t-test suggested that there was a statistically significant increase in the parental RAAP strategy use during the post-test (M = 3.57, SD = 1.718) when compared with the pre-test (M = 0.00, SD = 0.000) with a large effect size of 2.08. CONCLUSION: The results of the study provided evidence that an online, self-paced training intervention could be effectively used to improve the target strategy use among parents during shared storybook reading activity. This implies that technology can be effectively incorporated into communication partner training programs even in the context of low and middle-income countries.Item Fairness Cream Usage Among First Year Students of the University of Kelaniya(Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2023) Madhushika, R.D.H.; Ahamed, A.M.N.; Jayasanka, J.P.L.I.; Lal, P.A.E.S.; Madusanka, R.A.D.INTRODUCTION: Global cosmetics industry exponentially expands throughout past decades. Patients often present to the dermatology clinic, shows complications of frequent usage of fairness cream. OBJECTIVES: This study was carried out to determine the beliefs, practices and factors associated with fairness cream usage among first year students of University of Kelaniya. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out associating enrolment year 2018/2019 all the faculties of University of Kelaniya. 601 first year students of Kelaniya university were subjected to the study for one year from 2020-2021. Self-administrated online questionnaire was given via Google forms and SPSS application version 20.0 was used for data analysis. RESULTS: 343 participants out of 612 of total participants have used fairness cream more than 3 months and it shows a significance between first year student of Kelaniya university and fairness cream usage. fairness cream use for more than three months was 1.5 times more common among females and dark is the most attractive skin tone for males and there is significance between dark skin tone and attractiveness of males. Finally, it revealed fair is the most attractive skin tone for female and there is a significance between fair skin tone and attractiveness of female. CONCLUSION: There is a significant among first year student of Kelaniya University and fairness cream usage. Females are more frequent fairness cream users than males in first year students. Also, there is a significance relationship between physical attractiveness and skin tone. majorly of study population developed acnes as a compilation of fairness cream usage. Oiliness reduction in skin was satisfactory among the study population.Item Familial and prenatal parental factors associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder among children under 10 years attending Ayati center, Ragama(Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2023) Gunathilake, M.D.I.L.; Gunasekara, E.A.D.M.M.; Gimhani, H.M.K.; Gunathilaka, R.M.B.C.; Gunathilaka, M.D.INTRODUCTION: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with characteristic features of qualitative impairment in social interactions and communication with a prevalence of 1.07% in Sri Lanka. It’s a multifactorial disorder and evidence shows that prenatal, perinatal, pre-pregnancy and post pregnancy factors contribute to the development of this condition. The symptoms can be observed at least in first 2 years of life and early identification and intervention is important to achieve a near normal neuro development of the child. OBJECTIVES: The study was conducted to determine the familial and prenatal parental factors associate with autism spectrum disorder children under 10 years who attend to Ayati center and North Colombo teaching hospital (CNTH) , Ragama METHOD: This was a case control study conducted from January to February 2021 with participation of 150 patients aged between 2-10 years who attended to clinic of Ayati center and CNTH, Ragama using an interviewer administrated questionnaire. Data were analysed to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for each factor to identify whether there’s a significant association between those factors and ASD. RESULTS: The association of 28 possible risk factors of ASD were assessed through this study. Among them maternal age [odds ratio(OR)=4.2, 95%CI:1.16- 6.68] ,being the male child (OR=3.8, 95% CI:1.58- 9.14) ,gestational age less than 35 weeks(OR=16.1, 95% CI=1.94-733.42), blood relatives with other developmental delays(OR=6.7 95%CI:1.12-69.27 ) showed that the case group was having statistically more significant association with ASD than the control group. CONCLUSION: Maternal age, being the male child, gestational age less than 35 weeks, blood relatives with ASD and other developmental delays significantly associated with ASD.Item Patient Waiting Time, Consultation Time, and its effect on patient satisfaction at the Outpatient Department in Colombo North Teaching Hospital (CNTH)(Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2023) Amarathunge, J.A.Y.S.; Amarathunga, K.D.A.M.; Anthony, D.M.M.; Anzary, F.S.; Arampath, A.M.T.D.INTRODUCTION: Patient satisfaction is an important aspect of healthcare quality, and waiting time and consultation time are key factors that can impact patient satisfaction. The outpatient department (OPD) of a hospital is often the initial point of contact for individuals seeking medical care, and as such, its effectiveness is critical in facilitating timely and satisfactory treatment. However, in many developing countries, queuing and long waiting times pose significant challenges to the provision of high-quality care within the OPD. OBJECTIVES: This study was carried out to determine the waiting time, consultation time and its effect on patient satisfaction at the outpatient department of Colombo North Teaching Hospital (CNTH). METHODS: The study was a cross-sectional survey conducted among patients who visited the Outpatient Department at CNTH. Researchers measured and collected data on waiting time, consultation time, and a self-administered questionnaire was used to assess patient satisfaction. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: 310 patients participated with 54.19% males and 45.81% females. Mean Total Waiting Time (TWT) was 19min 19s (+18min 59s), and mean Consultation Time (CT) was 4min 5s (+2min 29s). Two satisfaction groups were formed based on satisfaction scores. Low Satisfaction group had mean TWT of 27min 30s and CT of 3min 22s; High Satisfaction group had mean TWT of 13min 1s and CT of 4min 38s. Statistically significant differences were found between Low and High Satisfaction groups for both total waiting time (p<0.001) and consultation time (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The study findings suggest that reducing waiting time can improve patient satisfaction, while increasing consultation time may also contribute to higher patient satisfaction. Therefore, efforts should be made to minimize patient waiting time and optimize consultation time in order to enhance patient satisfaction in outpatient settings.Item Knowledge, attitudes and practices in managing violence among G.C.E. advanced level students in Gampaha educational zone(Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2023) Soysa, E.M.N.; Suraweera, S.A.S.S.; Thewage, A.P.; Thudugala, M.T.K.L.; Anjula, S.A.P.D.; Perera, K.M.N.INTRODUCTION: Increased exposure to violence of various types can be observed during the adolescent period. Therefore managing violence among adolescents is important. This study describes knowledge, attitudes and practices in managing violence among G.C.E advanced level students in Gampaha education zone. METHOD: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 420 Grade 13 students of Type 1AB schools in Gampaha educational zone selected using a multistage cluster sampling method. An online self-administered questionnaire, which included mixed-type questions and four case-scenarios for the four violence types, assessed knowledge, attitudes and practices in managing physical, mental, social and sexual violence. Responses were categorized as positive or negative based on prevention or positive management of violent acts. RESULTS: Case scenario assessing sexual violence reported the highest positive responses in all aspects (practices -91.79%, knowledge -97.54%) except for the attitudes (2.92%). Physical violence reported highest positive responses for attitudes (5.13%).Scenario on physical violence reported the lowest positive responses on knowledge (83.62%) whereas lowest positive responses for attitudes and practices were reported for mental violence (attitudes= 2.43%, practices= 66.41%). The majority (>75%) correctly identified violent actions mentioned in the questionnaire as violent. Males reported more experiences related to violence than females and also predominated in negative attitudes and practices regarding managing violence. CONCLUSION: Knowledge on violence and its management was good among the majority of study participants. The minority who does not have even a minimal knowledge regarding managing violence is a concern. Attitudes and practices were more towards encouraging prevention of violent acts and was associated with gender.