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Item A critical study of the efforts made by the successive rulers of Dambadeniya period in order to safeguard and protect the sacred tooth relic of the Lord Buddha(1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOCIAL SCIENCES, 18-20 JULY 2008 FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF KELANIYA, 2008) Wanninayaka SudharmawathieIn the history of Ceylon, the change of capitals for the third time occurred in the city of Dambadeniya in 1232 A.D. under the king of III Vijayabahu of Dambadeniya became the center of power and overall authority. When examining and analyzing the courses and effects of the decline of Polonnaruwa and the rise of Dambadeniya, Sri Lankan was engrossed in a formidable predicament. This came about as a result of the invasion launched by an unscrupulous invader Magha from the state Kalinga in India. By his invasion, he degraded the political, economic, social and religious harmony and dignity in the country. The contemporary Bhikkus who had seen this situation had exerted enormous energy to combat this state of affairs, mainly to safeguard and protect the sacred tooth relic from the invader. The Bhikkus who engaged themselves in this arduous and meritorious deed, having hidden the sacred tooth relic underground at Kotmale and left the country in order to escape from death. The Dambadeniya dynasty comprises III Vijayabahu, II Parakramabahu, IV Vijayabahu and I Buanekabahu. Among the religious services and activities performed by this rulers pertaining to the secret tooth relic took an important place. The most important duty of III Vijayabahu on he becoming the king was to call back from the India the Bhikkus who had left the country for fear of death, and to restore the sacred tooth relic which was hidden at Kotmale to Dambadeniya. From that time rulers had taken scrupulous care to protect and guard the sacred tooth relic. This study is made on historical literature and archaeological data. The conclusions arrived in this study are: 1. There had been a strenuous effect throughout this period to safeguard and protect the sacred tooth relic. 2. There were religious performances connected with the tooth relic, exhibition of the tooth relic ,periodical processions connected with sacred tooth relic. 3. In addition to above, the possession, the possession of the sacred tooth relic had been the symbol of power and kingship.Item An Examination of Relations between Lanka and Other Countries: with Special Reference to Yapahuwa Period of Sri Lankan History(5TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF SOCIETY OF SOUTH ASIAN ARCHAEOLOGY, 2014) Wanninayaka SudharmawathieAfter the decline of Rajarata civilization, the Kingdoms of the country shifted to the Southwest. Hereafter, locations were chosen as capitals based on defense. Yapahuwa was also such place which became the seat of rule for a brief period. The place at Yapahuwa was built on a rock which was situated in the middle of a valley. The only king who ruled from Yapahuwa was King Bhuvanekabahu I. However, his reign at Yapahuwa is noted in the history of Sri Lanka because of various relations with foreign countries. The objective of this paper is to discuss the nature of foreign relations of Lanka during the Yapahuwa Period. Both Primary and Secondary Sources were used to gather relevant facts and information to achieve the assigned objective. In interpreting data, both literary and archaeological sources were used. It is clear that Lanka had relation with South India, China and Egypt at the time. The nature of these relations varied and there were political, trade and religious relations. When considering the South Indian invasions at the time, it can be said that the invasions was a continuation of previous such invasions to the island. However, as depicted by the architectural remains there were also cordial relations with foreign countries during this period. Bhuvanekabahu I can be considered as a king who made an effort to develop foreign trade. This fact is very clear from his policy of continuing the trade activities with china which was initiated during the Anuradhapura Period. Lanka became a part of the international trade activities carriedout through the Indian Ocen. This had affected positively to Lankan economy.Item Chola Sculptural Art in Sri Lanka (1017-1070A.D)(National Seminar on Religion and Society in Peninsular India (7th-16th Centuries A.D), Department of History School of Social Sciences and International Studies Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India, 2011) Gunawardana, V.D.N.S.Sri Lanka was under the Chola rule from 1017 A.D. to 1070 A.D. The impact of the Chola rule is manifested prominently in the sculptural art of the period in Sri Lanka, especially around the kingdom of Polonnaruwa. It is evident for the description of Sri Lankan chronicles and inscriptions that there was a considerable Tamil population in Sri Lanka even before the Chola conquest. There was rapid growth of Tamil population under the Chola power after the 1017 A.D. Under the Chola rule the South India?s religious, cultural and social systems highly affected the Sri Lankan society. To fulfill the religious requirements Raja Raja I and the Rajendra I built Saiva temples in Sri Lanka. In the constructions of the Saivite shrines besides the king himself, the traders also made lavish contributions to the establishment of Saiva temples. For an example Sankarappariyar (Oil trader), Vetrilai Vaniyar (betel trader) and Valakkai Vaniyar (banana trader) took part in this exercise. Several stone and bronze sculptures and adorned the temples. The sculptures reflect the Chola style. Most probably these statues were sculpted by the South Indian artists, who may have visited Sri Lanka during Chola?s expedition or they may have been imported from India. This study particular concentrates on the Chola bronze images of Nataraja, Parvathi, Ganga, Karthikeya, Vishnu, Balaji, Hanuman, Gnana Smabandar, Appar , Sundarar Murthi and Manichakavashagar.Item Commitment to teaching – a need for a paradigm shift(Academic Staff College (ASC), Jawaharlal Nehru University, India, 2005) Koggalage, D.T.; Dharaneeta, K.A.T.Item Contemporary india- sri lanka relations in post-covid pandemic period(2023) Thalpawila, Osantha NayanapriyaIndia's foreign policy under the Narendra Modi government has been focused on rebuilding cooperation in South Asia. The Indian foreign policy has been restructured as 'Neighborhood First,' which primarily plans to strengthen relations with its South Asian neighbours. In this context, India -Sri Lanka relations have been considered by scholars in South Asian politics in recent times. Relations between both countries during the immediate post-civil war period deteriorated with some better experiences. However, relations have been progressing since 2015 in the context of changing new governments in both countries. This paper examines the contemporary relations between India and Sri Lanka in the post-COVID pandemic era. The research paper is based on secondary data from books and journal articles in the relevant disciplines. Further, recent data was collected from printed and electronic media reports. The collected data were analyzed using a descriptive-analytical method. The economic crisis in Sri Lanka faced many adversities in the country. In this context, India offered her cooperation to rebuild the collapsed economy in Sri Lanka. India extended her financial and humanitarian assistance to the government of Sri Lanka. In addition, India signed some bilateral cooperation pacts in investment projects on energy, economic, development, and cultural relations by enhancing the relations between the two countries and the pe'ople-to-people of both countries. In addition, official visits of the two premiers during times of crisis in Sri Lanka initiated mutual relations again. It was proved that India was keen to initiate her policy of 'Neighborhood First" towards her immediate maritime neighbour.Item Economic History in Ancient Sri Lanka(18th Annual Session, Tamilnadu History Congress, India, 2011) Gunawardana, V.D.N.S.It is obvious that, Sri Lanka has experienced an open economic system in the ancient times, and the rulers had given the state patronage for trading whereby, trading had never been discouraged. As, it had been the tradition in India, and also in that of Sri Lanka as well, the king had been inherited with the state land and water resources. And also it has been stated even in the Kautilyas? Arthashasthra. Hence, the king had played a major role both in internal and external trade. At times, it has been reported in chronicles such as Mah?vamsa that the kings have sent trade delegations to foreign countries through which their counterparts were invited to have trade transactions with the island. Between the East and the West, the island stands in a central position, in the middle of the sea routes, that link the shores of the Persian Gulf, Red Sea, Southeast Asia and Far East. The island is blessed with numerous bays, natural harbors, estuaries and navigable rivers which could facilitate both internal and external trade. The most important capitals of Sri Lanka were situated in the inland of Sri Lanka. The capital of Anur?dhapura was linked to the port of Mah?thitha, closer to the Aruvi ?ru river. The second ancient capital of Polonnaruwa was situated on the banks of the Mahaveli river which is near the port of G?kanna, Tissamah?rama, Sri Lankan?s ancient city in the South was situated on the left bank of the Krindi Oya which is near to the ancient port of Kirinda. Since the Anuradhapura period in the internal trade, the exchange of goods as well as that of the usage of coins had been practiced. The main medium of exchange in the internal trade was the ?Kahavanu?.Item Item Historical Importace of the legend of Ramayana.(Proceedings ofthe AnnuaIResearch Symposium 2007 - Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, 2007) Gunawardana, V.D.N.S.Item Historical importance of Natha Devalaya in Kandy(2014) Dilhani, A.Item Historical value of Dipavamsam(Proceedings of the Annual Research Symposium 2003 - Faculty ofGraduate Studies, University ofKelaniya, 2003) Gunawardana, V.D.N.S.Item The Historicity of Sīhalavatthu(2022) Gunawardana, N. S.The Sīhalavatthu or the Sīhalavatthuppakaraṇa is one of the oldest surviving sources, the credit for discovering this goes to Mr. K. D. Somadāsa, the assistant librarian of the University of Ceylon. He received the initial copy of Sīhalavatthu in Burmese as he made a list of palm leaves in the monasteries of the Southern province in Sri Lanka. Mr. K. D. Somadasa handed over the same to Ven. Polvattē Buddhadatta to get it translated into the Sinhalese characters. When the book was found, it was crumbled down owing to the dilapidated state of the manuscript. Having translated the manuscript Ven. Polvattē Buddhatta published an article in the Silumina newspaper. Having read the newspaper article, Ven. Hunupitiye Saddhammañaṇālankara handed over a copy of Sīhalavatthu in Burmese, which was in his possession. The above manuscript was copied by him when he was in Burma in 1923. Due to the untiring efforts of Ven. Polvattē Buddhadatta, another Burmese manuscript of Sīhalavatthu was found in the Mahākappinna Mudalindārāmaya in Välithara in Sri Lanka (2014: viii). Following the due clarification, Rev. Polvattē Buddhadatta is credited with publishing this manuscript. This was a Pali work written in Burmese (Sīhalavatthuppakaraṇa, 1959: ix)Item Identifying the clans and the famous cities in Vinaya commentaries 7th B.C.E to the 6rd B.C.E.(14th Annual research symposium, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2013) Manatunga, D.K.Item Judicial administration in ancient India(Academic Staff College (ASC), Jawaharlal Nehru University, India, 2003) Abayarathna, A.H.M.H.Item Judicial Administration System in Ancient Sri Lanka: A Review of Primary Sources(University of Portsmouth, United Kingdom, 2007) Abayarathna, A.H.M.H.Item Kings of the Kelaniya Dynasty: A study in to primary sources(14th International Conference on Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2008) Manatunga, D.K.Kelaniya was one of the centers of power in the early historic Sri Lanka. It has been ruled by a royal family whose origin and decline are still obscure. The present study is an attempt to recognize this royal family with the help of literary and ephigraphical sources. Details given in the Mahawamsa,Vamsattappakasini and other chronicles about Kelaniya and its ruling family will be critically evaluated in this paper. Early Brahmi inscriptions discovered at Koratota, Pilikuththuwa, Varana, Yatahalena and Lenagala are re examined and will be compared with inscriptions found elsewhere for identifying members of the royal family. The rise and fall of the Kelaniya dynasty and its socio-political impact in the state formation in Sri Lanka with the establishment of the Anuradhapura kingdom will be elaborated in this study.Item Kingship during the Kotte Period of the history of Sri Lanka(Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, 2013) Sudharmawathi, J.M.According to historical sources the Aryans who started settlements in 6th century B.C., accepted their leader as the ruler of the kingdom. Thus Vijaya is regarded as the first king of Sri Lanka. The customs which originated from the time of King Vijaya established themselves as traditions. The capital which was situated in Anuradhapura shifted to various places of the country from time to time. Kotte was one such place. Kotte developed as the capital during the first half of the 15th Century A.C. King Parakkramabahu VI developed Kotte, which was only a fortress at the beginning, into a full fledged capital city in 1415 A.C. The objective of this paper is to examine whether the kings of Kotte from 1415 A.C. to 1597 A.C. ruled according to the established norms on kingship. There is a large amount of tradition regarding kingship in Sri Lanka. Among them, traditions on inheritance to the throne as the main one. Moreover, conditions such is belonging to the Kshatriya clan for enthronement, the position of Yuvaraja, and his right to the throne were important. The mutual bond between kingship and Buddhism was also a major characteristic. It was revealed that while some rulers of Kotte acted according to these traditions some tended to overlook them. This study examines many factors, which were considered alternatives to tradition.Item Legends on North India 6th B.C.E to the 3rd B.C.E.(Annual research symposium, Legends on North India 6th B.C.E to the 3rd B.C.E. University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2010) Manatunga, D.K.Item Monetary Transaction in Ancient Sri Lanka (6th B.C. to 1017th A.C.)(SocialHistory Society 36"' Annual Conference,University of Manchester, 2011) Gunawardana, V.D.N.S.Item The monks and their trading activities in Ancient Sri Lanka from 3rd B.C.E. to the 5th C.E.(2014) Gunawardhana, N.S.Item Mural paintings as a historical source with special reference to the temple paintings of the Kandyan tradition(Buddhist and Pali University of Sri Lanka, 2007) Koggalage, D.T.