150th Birth Anniversary of Anagarika Dharmapala International Conference - 2015
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Item Bringing Vesak to the World: Anagarika Dharmapala’s Contribution(Department of Mass Communication, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Kemper, S.Anagarika Dharmapala’s role in reviving Buddhism in Sri Lanka and pride in Sinhala ethnic identity is well known. His career abroad, where he spent almost 90% of his adult life, is less appreciated. For most of his life, Dharmapala lived in Kolkata, although he spent over a year living in London towards the end of his life. Those sojourns were broken up by frequent travels, during which he renewed friendships, visited places, and tried to promote Buddhism. To that extent, he was a missionary, although a missionary with minimal interest in converting people. In the matter of recovering Bodh Gaya as an exclusively Buddhist place, he was fierce; in the matter of spreading Buddhism he was interested only in making non-Buddhists aware of the religion’s virtues. One of his strategies for making Buddhism present in new places was to celebrate the Buddha’s birthday in a public venue. In that context, he initiated the celebration of Vesak in Kolkata, Lahore, and Chennai, as well as Japan and the West. In Kolkata the celebration not only shown respect to the Buddha, it also signaled the return of the Buddhasasana to the land where the religion began. Because of the Buddha’s own attitude to religious truth and Dharmapala’s imitation of his example, Vesak became a “come-and-see” thing, drawing the attention of people of various backgrounds and religions.Item බුදුදහම ජාත්යන්තරයට ගෙනයාම සඳහා අනගාරික ධර්මපාලතුමාගෙන් ලැබුණු දායකත්වය(Department of Mass Communication, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Premaratne, G.M.U.; Perera, G.I.S.; Jayathilake, J.A.I.K.; Madhushanka, K.B.T.U.Item ජාතික පුනර්ජීවනයෙහි ලා ධර්මපාල භූමිකාව(Department of Mass Communication, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Sampath, B.I.Item Anagarika Dharmapala’s Concept and Vision of Buddha and Buddhism as Enunciated in His Chicago Address, The World’s Debt to Buddha: A Critical Enquiry and Assessment(Department of Mass Communication, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Saha, S.C.Anagarika Dharmapala (1864-1933) emerged as a towering figure in the great phenomenon of the resurgent revival of Buddhism in India. He played a key role in reviving and restoring Buddhistic sites and promoting the cultivation of Buddha’s teachings and messages not only in India but in several other countries throughout the world. His contribution to the dissemination of Buddha’s messages at large acquired a unique dimension when he delivered his resounding lecture “The World’s Debt to Buddha” at the World’s Parliament of Religions in Chicago in United States of America in September 1893. Apart from his life-long crusade to establish and reinvigorate the spread of Buddha’s Dhamma for the welfare of humanity through the establishment of Maha Bodhi Society in 1891 in Colombo, and later Maha Bodhi Society of India which was formally registered with its Headquarters in Calcutta (now Kolkata) in 1915, the construction of Dharmarajika Chaitya Vihara in Calcutta in 1920, and Mulagandhakuti Vihara in Sarnath in 1931, and the launching of The Maha Bodhi journal in 1892, Dharmapala’s distinctive and phenomenal contribution lies in his writings on Buddha, particularly, “The World’s Debt to Buddha”, a written speech. Dharmapala’s literary and philosophical works constitute his constructive hindsight into the glorious past of Buddha’s times and foresight into the process of envisioning a Dhamma-inspired illuminated future of the world. In this paper, his Chicago address on Buddha will be critically analysed and investigated in the light of the above-mentioned observations and lines of enquiry.Item ථේරවාදී බුදුදහම ජාත්යන්තරයට රැගෙන යාමෙහි ලා ධර්මපාලතුමන් අනුගමනය කළ ක්රමෝපාය(Department of Mass Communication, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Sampath, B.I.Item Lay Routine of Anagarika Dharmapala for a Better Social Atmosphere(Department of Mass Communication, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Sugunaseela Thero, Yakkaduwe; Dhammissara Thero, NiwandamaIt is indisputable that Shrimath Anagarika Dharmapala was a Sinhala Buddhist celibate who had practical and prolific social vision based on Buddhist philosophy in its pristine purity. Even in his absence, the value of his social philosophy remains unchanged up to date. Nevertheless, the fact is that how far it has been adopted as a practical method for a better social atmosphere in Sri Lanka. Through his penetrated farsighted intelligence, he proclaimed a paramount and practical routine for Buddhist lay-society with the intention of making an effective and enthusiastic Sinhala national bulwark. It is obvious that, as a social philosopher, social reformer and Buddhist scholar, he compiled an all-inclusive code of ethics and routine for laity. For instance, this code of ethics exposes to the laity about proper behaviour, proper way of having food, wearing clothes, using the lavatories, footing on the road, appropriate behaviour in a meeting, etc. This compilation evidently draws inspiration from the Pātimokkha of the Buddhist Monastic Discipline (Vinayapiṭaka) which elaborates each and every formal and ethical way of human behaviour. In this manner, Anagarika Dhrampala, getting the core of disciplinary values from the canon, represented to laities this routine which consists of virtues and rituals for women and children separately. For instance, he mentions how the spoons and forks should be used if they are used at meals. In the absence of moral values, prevailing social system is downfall bound day by day. In the context of the overall facts relevant to this theme, a conclusion can be drawn that the routine for the laity of Anagarika Dharmapala is of vital importance to build up an ethically wholesome society. Therefore, this paper exposes how the vision of Anagarika Dharmapala can be applied for a better modern social atmosphere.Item අනගාරික ධර්මපාල දැක්ම ජාතික සංවර්ධනය සඳහා දායක කරගත හැක්කේ කෙසේද යන්න පිළිබඳ අධ්යයනයක්(Department of Mass Communication, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Thangaraja, C.S.; Wimalasiri, B.H.D.Item Anagarika Dharmapala’s Central Message Falsified and Distorted(Department of Mass Communication, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Goonatilake, S.In contrast to the many hagiographies on Dharmapala and of the past of his Maha Bodhi Society, there is a counter narrative in academia as well as in recent developments of the Maha Bodhi Society. Through primarily published literature these two perspectives are discussed. Anagarika’s role has to be seen within Sri Lanka’s Buddhist revival after centuries of colonial repression. The 19th century saw: the debates with the Christians, the establishment of Vidyalankara and Vidyodaya Pirivenas and the global links of scholar monks. Within this, Dharmapala, well-read in both Buddhist and Western sources, broke through colonial restraints. His contributions included: struggling to regain the Maha Bodhi, the first Dalit movement, asking Sinhalese to learn from “Aryans” like Madras Tamils and Bengalese, wanting to restore the Bhikkhuni order and promoting industrialization. He was in several ways a contrast to Gandhi and nearer Ambedkar. Internalizing a colonial mindset, recent anthropology writers who have not adequately read the literature as well as the context have distorted both Dharmapala and the Buddhist revival. Further, the current Maha Bodhi Society, in contrast to its founder Dharmapala is following a partial Hindu agenda. The paper illustrates these tendencies and points out the need to highlight the original thrust of Dharmapala, especially at a time when Buddhist thought is gaining ground globally while the counter narrative is creating recolonized minds. As a parallel conclusion the need for disciplines to interact with each other is emphasized including in the universities that succeeded Vidyalankara and Vidyodaya.Item අනගාරික ධර්මපාලතුමා භාවිත කළ සන්නිවේදන ක්රමවේද පිළිබඳ අධ්යයනයක්(Department of Mass Communication, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Rajapaksha, S.; Nandasiri, A.; Sajeewanie, K.Item Anagarika Dharmapala’s contribution to the International Community(Department of Mass Communication, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Siddhartha, S.One of the great revivalists of Buddhism in Sri Lanka, Anagarika Dharmapala also worked in various parts of the world, to bring back to life, the eternal values of Buddhism for the peaceful betterment of humanity. [For the ‘homeless one’- Anagaarika, the entire world was home] Two Buddhist priests appeared on the horizon and prepared the ground for Anagarika to take it up from there. “Venerable Hikkaduwe Sri Sumangala Nayake Thera & Migettuwatte Sri Gunananda Thera.” Also two Theosophists, Col. H.S.Olcott and Mme Blavatsky came to Srilanka, with the purpose of reviving Buddhism. The one country which benefitted most from his contributions was India—the birthplace of Buddha . For him, all sites, specially Bodh Gaya and Sarnath, were verily the holiest of the holy. In 1891 he established the Maha Bodhi Society. With branches all over the world it is the symbol of the revival of Buddhism in the world. Starting the Maha Bodhi Journal was a welcome move and led to his being invited to the Chicago Parliament of Religions in 1893. This revealed Buddhism to the Western world too.Visits to Japan, Shanghai and Bangkok between 1893 and 1913, highlighted his efforts for the unification of the diverse streams. In 1893,1896, 1902, and 1925, he visited America. He visited the Industrial Schools in U S A, London, Holland, Denmark and Italy. On return he established such schools in Sarnath & Benaras.Built a Buddha vihara in Calcutta. (1920). British Buddhist Mission established in London. Died in the country of his Lord Buddha at Sarnath, Benaras .His message was for the entire Globe, even though his commitment was first and foremost to his countrymen. A true world- leader.Item ජාතික සංවර්ධනය සඳහා අනගාරික ධර්මපාලතුමාගේ යුග මෙහෙවර පිළිබඳ විමසුමක්(Department of Mass Communication, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Kumari, W.A.D.Item Restoration of Moral Values and Buddhist Stance by Celibate Dharmapala: A Brief Review(Department of Mass Communication, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Rathnasiri, R.M.The invasion of the three western powers which adopted the divide and rule policy to gain supremacy in Sri Lanka imposed invaders’ religion and culture changing drastically the lifestyle of Sri Lankans. In this context, Anagarika Dharmapala, who saw the plight of his people whose religion was neglected and lives were dispirited, dedicated to national and religious causes with deep sense of patriotism. Anagarika (homeless one) Dharmapala (guardian of the dharma) who felt that the observance of all the Vinaya rules would get in the way of his work advocated to the laity the Buddhist moral values such as observance of the fivefold ethics (panñsīla), livelihood, decent clothing, behaviour, wholesome family, social and cultural life, etc. based on Buddhist philosophy and culture. Anagarika Dharmapala eventually rejected the theosophical stance centered on the issue of universalism declaring that Buddhism was being assimilated into a non-Buddhist model of truth. He stated, “Theosophy was only consolidating Krishna worship. To say that all religions have a common foundation only shows the ignorance of the speaker; Dharma alone is supreme to the Buddhist.” He, vehemently denouncing the portrayal of Buddhism in the West by Christian missionaries as pessimistic, nihilistic and passive, affirmed the Causality, the central teaching in Buddhism and added, “Buddhism is a comprehensive system of ethics and a transcendental metaphysics embracing a sublime psychology.” Thus, he restored Buddhist values and stance in its clarity. Anagarika Dharmapala, who made a remarkable contribution to the Buddhist revival and the nationalist awakening in Sri Lanka beyond common human endurance, immensely dedicated himself to enhancing moral behavior in his compatriots and safeguarding Buddhism.Item අනගාරික ධර්මපාල දැක්ම නූතනයට ගැළපීම පිලිබඳ සිදු කළ විමර්ශනාත්මක අධ්යයනයක්(Department of Mass Communication, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Dhammarathana Thero, InduragareItem අනගාරික ධර්මපාලතුමාගේ ජාතික මෙහෙවර පිළිබඳ විමසුමක් (අනගාරික ධර්මපාල අප්රකට ඇත ලිපි ඇසුරෙන්)(Department of Mass Communication, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Pieris, I.R.N.S.Item ශ්රී ලංකාවේ බෞද්ධ සංස්කෘතික පුනර්ජීවන ව්යාපාරය පසුබිම් කොට අනගාරික ධර්මපාලගේ දර්ශනය තුළින් ඉස්මතු වන සිංහල බෞද්ධ කුලකන්තව පිළිබඳ සංකල්පය(Department of Mass Communication, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Gunaratne, S.Item අනගාරික ධර්මපාලතුමා ජාතික ව්යාපාරය තුළ සිංහල බෞද්ධ ජනය අවදි කිරීමට ගෙන ගිය සන්නිවේදන උපක්රම පිළිබඳ තුලනාත්මක අධ්යයනයක්(Department of Mass Communication, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Kaluarachchi, C.Item අනගාරික ධර්මපාල බහුවිධ සමාජ කාර්යභාරය පිළිබඳ අධ්යයනයක්(Department of Mass Communication, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Piyadasa, R.L.; Herath, D.B.; Somarathne, D.S.; de Pasqual, M.K.Item අනගාරික ධර්මපාල: සිංහල බෞද්ධ ජාතිකවාදය සඳහා ඉතිහාසය භාවිතය(Department of Mass Communication, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Edirisinghe, A.N.Item 1889 දී කර්නල් එච්.එස්. ඕල්කොට් සහ අනගාරික ධර්මපාලතුමාගේ ජපන් සංචාරය සහ එහි ප්රථිපල පිළිබඳ ඇගයීමක්(Department of Mass Communication, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Edirisinghe, D.Item අනගාරික ධර්මපාලතුමන් දුටු ජතිකාභිවෘද්ධිය සඳහා භික්ෂු කාර්යභාරය පිළිබඳ විමර්ශනයක්(Department of Mass Communication, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Wijayawimala Thero, Suriyawewa; Indrajothi Thero, Baladora; Sumangala Thero, Pahiyangala