Sports Science and Physical Education
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Item The Problem of Violence and Human Right violation in Global Sport(International journal of social science and entrepreneurship, 2015) Ranjan, W.; Anupa, J.Sport is playing an important role in current global world which is universal language of spreading ethical values throughout the world. At present, sport has become professional after the globalization. Therefore, there are slowly disappeared core ethical values in sport which is leads to increased violence and violation within the sport. The objectives of this paper are i) to identify types of violence in global sport. ii) To understand the cause and effect of violence in sport. iii) To exam the possible solution for violence in global sport. This research was used literature review method to analysing for researchdata. The research has identified types of violence such as player violence, spectator violence, terrorist violence, human right violations which are affected to certain area of social life such as international relations, social wellbeing, attitude of young sport players, damage to human life and property. In addition research was given possible solution for the violence in global sport.Item The Challengers of National Olympic Committee in Sri Lanka for Implementing Environmental Sustainable Principles at Sport Event(International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, 2016) Ranjan, W.; Ranasinghe, D.The study title is “the challengers of National Olympic committee in Sri Lanka for implementing environmental sustainable principles at sport event” which is empirical nature of study that is used qualitative approach for the data analysis. This study main purpose is to discover the Practical challengers of National Olympic committee when they are implementing environmental sustainable principles. This study is mainly base on primary data, which are collected by semi Structure interviews as well as used secondary data from related academic report and wed sites. This study is used non probability sampling method for select the research sample. The findings of this study are: NOC has lack of opportunity to involve in policymaking process of Sri Lankan sport sector, officials have not autonomy to get decision in sport sector, and sport facilities are located in unsuitable locations. In this context, researcher recommended, NOC should have opportunity to involve in sport policy making process, politician should give autonomy to sport officials implementing sport policy, and NOC and government should have to build up proper channel for exchanging each other ideas. This study is only focused practice challenges of NOC when they are implementing environmental sustainable principles, further researchers could be done the ways that can be reduce this practical challenges as well as can be done reasons for happened this kind of changes.Item A Case Study of Analyzing Internal and External Environment in Barcelona Football Club(International Journal of Emerging Research in Management &Technology, 2015) Ranjan, W.; Ranasinghe, D.The study title is “the case of internal and external analysis of Barcelona FC” which is empirical nature of study that is used qualitative approach for the data analysis. This study main purpose is to identify internal and external environment of Barcelona FC in terms of club objectives. This study is mainly based on secondary data, which are collected by related academic report and websites. This study is used non probability sampling method for select the research sample. The data is analyzed by SWOT and PEST analysis. The findings of this study are: the club has poor management system between from 2000 to 2003 which is badly effect to club goals, the club has poor relationship with other club and political institution, the club main strength is loyalty of Catalonian people and their major threat is real Midrate. In this context, researcher recommended, the club should have maintains good relationship with the other organization, the club should be change their managerial style suitable for the effectiveness, and club should be implementing new community project close to people This study is only focused internal and external factors that are influenced to Barcelona FC, further researchers could be done research finding out the solution for practical problem of Barcelona.Item Sport Policy in UK: The Reforms, Policy Priority and its Effect to Sport Sector during 2000 to 2012(Public Policy and Administration Research, 2016) Ranjan, W.The governments of United Kingdom have introduced and amend several sport policies under their governing periods. The purpose of this report is understanding and examining UK sport policy reforms and its affect to country’s sport sector during last decade (from 2000 to 2012). This study is used basically secondary data and were collected by using purposive sample method according to the selected themes. While this period governments have more concerned about the development of elite level sport rather than community sport. However, it has been changed and has given attention to develop mass sport participation and community sport in mid of this decades due to 2012 London Olympic. However governments got their more attention for elite level sport development as well as gave fewer attentions for community sport as support for elite sport during this decade. The more details have been discussed in below regarding UK sport policies.Item Service Quality and Its Impact on the Level of Tourist Satisfaction in Marine Based Recreation(4th Annual Research Symposium on Social Sciences and Humanities, 2017) Ranjan, W.; Anupa, J.; Wehigaldeniya, W.G.D.S.; Edirisinghe, I.T.Recreation is about activities, pastimes, and experiences which are freely chosen. They are usually undertaken in free time and produce feelings of well-being, fulfillment, enjoyment, relaxation, and satisfaction. Outdoor activity is leisure pursuits engaged in the outdoors, often in natural or semi-natural settings out of town. Recreation and leisure are important for living with challenges, taking risks, and experiencing new things. The water based recreation can be identified as an important part of outdoor recreation. Though it is found to be somewhat dangerous and adventurous, it is capable of entertaining people in an unprecedented manner. Every tourist has his own preferences in engaging water based recreational activities. All of these preferences need to be given attention in order to satisfy them. Tourists ‘satisfaction within water based recreation is determined by a number of factors. Out of those factors service quality is considered to be prominent factor. Service quality generally depends on reliability, assurance, tangibility, empathy, responsiveness. While service quality is designated by the above factors, level of satisfaction derived from service quality is critically influenced by the following factors such as age, gender, education level, monthly income. The study is significant and beneficial for the country. Currently tourism industry is growing fast in the country and it is required to provide a quality service. Recreation and leisure are important for living with challenges taking risk and experiencing new things. The water based recreation can be identified as an important part of outdoor recreation. Though it is found to be somewhat dangerous and adventurous, it is capable of entertaining people in an unprecedented manner. Marine recreational activities, which are dependent on nature and the quality of the aquatic environment, are influenced by some key factors including wind, sunshine and location. The geographical conditions, particularly the location and local climate transform the direction of main currents in the sea, which directly affect the quality of marine based sports. Therefore, visitors to choose a particular place as a tourism destination, the attractiveness of the above factors must be appealing enough to encourage tourists to visit and to be satisfied. From the perspective of the leisure experience, the process of engaging in leisure activities depends on a person's sensory, perception, mind, behavior along with the surrounding environment interaction. In the present study, the impact of service quality on tourist satisfaction has been evaluated in Bentota Sunshine Water Sports Center which is known to be more reputed water based recreational area in the country. It offers a number of activities and experience for both local and foreign tourist. In this aspect, a few studies have been conducted to evaluate the effect on location and local climate for the tourist satisfaction in marine based sports. In fact, no well documented evidence is found in such studies in Sri Lanka. As the level of satisfaction demand from these activities and experience not well documented, the extent to which visitors receive satisfaction from the services offered by recreational center. Objective The main objective of the study is to identify the association between tourist satisfaction and service quality with using geographical features in the Sunshine water sports center (SWSC). Methodology The methodology Applied in this exploratory study under the three headings such as sources of data sample and data analysis. This study was done subject to the following hypothesis which was formulated with the help of responsive conceptual frame work. According to that H1-There is a significant relationship between the five dimensions of service quality and selected geographical features for tourist satisfaction. In research method, there is deductive research approach. The Data collected from Questionnaire was developed for the tourist‘s satisfaction and service quality in Sunshine water sports center, Benthota. Service quality questionnaires were designed to focus on five major factors. (1) Reliability (2) Assurance (3) Tangibility (4) Empathy (5) Responsiveness. Five questions to tourist satisfaction and five General questions were designed in the questionnaire. The primary data was collected using stratified sampling in simple random method under quantitative approach. Therefore, the target group of this study was the tourists to in sunshine water sport center Bentota. In the research, sample is represented by the tourists who are arriving to SWSC. On each weekend, more than one hundred and fifty foreign tourists are coming to this water sport center. Considering current visitor arrivals one hundred and twenty tourists were selected as the sample. In this case, stratified sampling and simple random sampling was as following. According to stratified sampling within 2 days, the tourists to sunshine water sport center Bentota were administered the questionnaire and used as the sample. Pilot survey had been carried out to test the suitability of the questionnaire to the particular site. In this case 20 questionnaire were given to the tourists. According to the reliability test, positivevalue (Cronbach’s Alpha .89) could be obtained. Then the questionnaires were prepared in order to distribute among sample. Any question that utilized a Likert scale was coded with a number system. If the respondent circled five answers, according to objectives, satisfaction questionnaire has been visited by numerous researchers studying collegiate visitor satisfaction. In analyzing data researcher used, chi square and Cramer‘s V analysis tool in SPSS 21.0 statistical tool was used to present and analysis the data. Hypothesis is formulated to investigate relationship between tourist satisfaction and service quality. In this case as staticallytool, chi-square test was used by the researcher. By employing Cramer’s V association of factors at service quality on tourist satisfaction was measured. Findings Sunshine Water Sports Centre, out of the foreign tourists, both male and female tourists are same in numbers. In this survey data out of the 60 percent male respondents, 6.7 percent are disagree with overall service quality 29.1 percent are neutral and the rest of male reaching 16.6 percent are agree with the overall service quality. Out of 60.0 percent of total female respondents, disagree over service quality is expressed by 2.5 percent of females. 25.8 percent are neutral and remaining 21.7 percent agree with service quality. A highest score explained among 21-30 age groups participations in foreign tourists. None of the tourists were recorded above 60 age group. According to survey data, a highest percentage of foreign tourists are recorded in Europe region. North American tourists were the lowest among the observed tourist’s groups. Hypothesis were formulated to investigate relationship between tourist satisfaction and service quality, relationship between tourist satisfaction and geographical features. In this case as statistical tool, chisquare test was used by the researcher. By employing Cramer’s V association of factors at service quality on tourist satisfaction and geographical feature on tourist satisfaction were measured. For the convenience of recognition. Couple of hypothesis based on positive idea and negative idea were formulated. According to that when the degree of freedom is 16 and related value stands is 66.74 as Asymp. Sig at .000 and there is a significant relationship between status of the service quality and tourist satisfaction. Cramer’s V value .373 it means there is a strong relationship between service quality and tourist satisfaction and it is positive relationship. The degree of freedom is 16 and related value stands is 46.42 and Asymp. Sig at .000 and there is a significant relationship between status of the geographical features and tourist satisfaction. According to Cramer’s V value. 311. It means there is a strong relationship between geographical features and tourist satisfaction and it is positive relationship. Conclusion This study was conducted in reference to the Sunshine Water Sports Centre, Bentota. The findings reveal how to influence five dimension of service quality and geographical features for tourist satisfaction of in this study area. As far the relationship between independent variables and tourist satisfaction are concerned, it has been provided by this empirical study that there is clearly a positive relationship. In the other words, there are positive effects to tourist satisfaction from service quality and geographical features in Sunshine Water Sports Centre. In order to prove this, the researcher statistically tested how each tourist satisfaction is associated with the independent variables; five dimension of service quality and geographical features. All statistical tests which were scientifically undertaken clearly provide that there is a positive correlation between each independent variables and dependent variable. All of these chi square tests are significant. Based on the findings, the researcher made a conclusion that five dimensions and service quality (individually and together) are positively associated with tourist gender, age, region, and income. Further out of factors in service quality, most prominent factor influencing on tourist satisfaction is tangibility. Other factors: responsiveness, empathy, reliability, assurance affecting factors satisfaction respectively. Based on the findings, the researcher made a conclusion that geographical features and service quality (individually and together) are positively associated with tourist gender, age, region, and income.Item A Study of Factors Influencing and contributing towards the Sport Volunteers’ Satisfaction(Northumbria university, 2016) Ranjan, W.Sport organisations are increasingly reliant on episodic volunteers for the successful delivery of sport events and sport programs. Therefore, managers of sport organisations’ must concern about utilising sport volunteers in their sport programs for effective and efficient operation, for that managers should understand volunteer motives and satisfaction (Pauline, 2011). In an effort to do this, this study was examining characteristics of volunteer motivation and factors responsible for the volunteer satisfaction using Bang and Challadurai’s (2003) volunteer motivation scale and Kuhn and Guzley’s (2002) volunteer satisfaction index. This study used volunteers from around the world who have sport volunteer experience as the sample population as well as both random and snow ball sampling techniques were used to collect data. A Likert-scale online survey was used and administered (n=185) to gain volunteer perception of their motivation and satisfaction associated with individual volunteer experience. The results of descriptive analysis indicate that interpersonal contact, career orientation, personal growth, community involvement and love of sport are the motivational factors encouraging volunteers to participate in sport volunteerism. Thus, multiple regression analysis reveals that Career orientation and personal growth best explained volunteer satisfaction with volunteer experience. In addition, volunteer satisfaction dimensions such as Group integration, Empowerment and Organisation Support are satisfied according to the perception of volunteers with volunteer experience. Thus, multiple regression analysis reveals that empowerment and organisation support are the most influencing factors towards volunteer satisfaction in their volunteer experience. Furthermore, person correlation analysis indicated that both motivation and satisfaction factors have positive correlation. Finally concluded that most volunteers focus on satisfying their personal goals through participating in sport volunteerism. For further researchers can be recommended to do research using different methods such as mix methods, qualitative methods and could use different influencing factors to address the gap in literature of volunteer satisfaction and motivation.Item A study of analysing strategic changers and organisation environment in adidas inc organization(North Asian International Research Journal of Multidisciplinary, 2016) Ranjan, W.Adidas company background was analysed and studies thoroughly to understand Adidas’ strategic changers and change management. The Adidas Company has evaluated by using method of SWOT and PEST for understanding company strengths, opportunities, weaknesses and threats, for providing critical explanation of their strategic management and its effectiveness of new strategic aims. This report was shown back ground of the company, the next part will be analysed internal and external environment of the company for understanding effectiveness of achieved their goals. Finally that will be found out the finding and providing management recommendation for improving their management systems and strategic changes in effective way.Item Human Resource Management in Sports: A Critical Review of its Importance and Pertaining Issues(Physical culture and sport. Studies and research, 2016) Ranjan, W.This paper will illustrate the meaning and importance of human resource management (HRM), human resource planning, and strategic human resource management, which are critically important for an organization’s effectiveness and must be effectively managed (Doherty, 1998). This study used the literature review method to acquire its final results. The relevant HRM literature review was done according to the purpose of the study. It used the purposive random sample method for selecting relevant literature. This study shows the current economic environment in the sports industry; the second part of the study critically analyzes the value of the strategic management of employees for the effective and efficient operation of sports organizations. It also critically evaluates human resource planning and other pertinent issues in terms of legislation, recruitment, selection, training, induction, and reward management from different international examples in sports management. Over the past few decades, increasing competition, globalization, and continuous changes in the market and in technology have emphasized the need to rethink the management of the organization and of human resources for the sake of overcoming significant challenges (Taylor et al., 2006). Therefore, managers should use strategic human resource management to overcome significant issues and to form well-planned strategies so that the organization may succeed.Item The Financial Performance Analysis of Nike Inc: with Special Reference Year 2015 Annual Report.(European Journal of Business and Management, 2016) Ranjan, W.Nike’s financial statement was analysed and studied thoroughly to understand Nike`s financial performance. That financial statement includes balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement. The financial performance of Nike has evaluated using methods of Horizontal analysis, vertical analysis tends analysis and selected key ratios for improvements to increase cash flow and improve dividend and reduce labilities. Therefore, analysed company`s latest annual report that is the 2015 annual report ending May 31st. That latest company annual report data was compared with the data from last five years from 2010 to 2015 to gain a understanding of company`s performance, which was shown in the trends analysis. According to the analysis data, recommendations have been given to ensure the company`s revenue and reduce liabilities. All the recommendation and suggestions were made according to key ratios which will directly influence company`s performance: mainly the net profit margin, current ratios, quick ratio, and debt to equity ratio, earning per share ratio, working capital turn over and cash return on capital investment.Item A Study of Analysis and Evaluate Issues and Challenges in Sport Events(IOSR Journal of Sports and Physical Education (IOSR-JSPE), 2016) Ranjan, W.The primary aim of this study is to address the importance of issues and challenges in relation to local community and sponsors of international sport events. This report is built on and primary and secondary data. The analysis concentrate on the social issues and sponsorship challenges, due to the fact that the environment pollution, increase crime, traffic and parking issues, loosing sponsorship, and other issues in relation to sport event. The first part of this report will give a brief outline of analysis on social issues and challenges arising due to sport event this report will examine few different issues caused by the economic impact of sport's event for the society and other social and environmental issues and carefully analysing practical solutions provided by other sport event and organisations. The next part will be discovered the sponsor issues and sponsorship challenges, sport organisers has faced in their sport event as well as more concern about the ambush marketing issue in sport events which is critical issue for sport event sponsorship, and exploring solutions taken by world sport organisation and event organisers. Finally, this report concerned all the issues and challengers, providing recommendation for world sport organisations to minimise and reduce negative impact of sport event as well as provide suggestion for improve positive impact of sport event for the better world.