Sports Science and Physical Education
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Item Heuristics in sport: A scoping review(Elsevier Ltd., 2024) Ramanayaka, Nilantha Dinesh; Dickson, Geoff; Rayne, DanielJudgement and decision-making under uncertainty often rely on simplistic” rules of thumb”, known as “heuristics”. The purpose of this scoping review is to explore the extant literature focussed on heuristics and sport. This study employed a five-stage scoping review methodology. The databases searched were Scopus, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and PsycInfo. The search terms were sport*, heuristic* (and its synonyms: cognitive shortcut, shortcut, rule of thumb, mental rule, cognitive rule) plus cognitive bias. The search identified 2019 studies, of which 38 were included in the analysis. Studies based in USA and Germany were most common. The use of heuristics by players were most common, while football (soccer) and basketball were the most frequently researched sport contexts. Both males and females were commonly included in most studies, but there were no studies with an explicit focus on females. The research was contextualized within several academic disciplines (e.g., psychology, forecasting, JDM, organization behavior, sports marketing and sponsorship, coaching science, risk analysis and sociology). Approximately 80 % of the studies were quantitative. Sixteen studies examined the fast and frugal heuristics approach (i.e., take-the-first heuristic (n = 8), recognition heuristic (n = 7), or gut instinct (n = 1), whereas eleven articles embraced the heuristics and biases approach. Future research should pursue a greater variety of heuristics, investigate the use of heuristics by selectors and boards of directors, and how best to design, implement, and evaluate heuristic education programs.Item Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on stress and depression among Indian football players.(SPORT TK-Revista EuroAmericana de Ciencias del Deporte, 2023) Cherappurath, N.; hmed, M. D.; López Sánchez, G. F.; Begum, S.; Sreelekha, N.; Elayaraja, M.; Rathnayaka, A.; Azeezul Kabeer, D.The Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic restricted our normal life activities for the past several months, continuing its impact. Its repercussions led many countries to remain locked down and closed institutions and workplaces. The closure severely impacted the sporting industry and hindered performing its normal activities. Sports and exercise are generally considered the best facilitator for embedding a healthy and active lifestyle and were not adequately advocated during the pandemic. This study aimed to examine the level of stress and depression among football players during the peak time of the Covid-19 outbreak. Furthermore, it measured whether the socio-demographic information, such as gender, region, and level of participation influenced participants' stress and depression during that time. A total of 204 football players recruited from different parts of India participated in this study. Participants’ responses to stress and depression were measured through the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Stress and depression showed a significant correlation among the footballers. Socio-demographic variables (except region, level of participation, and age), did not present any significant relationship. Footballers who experienced stress and depression during the Covid-19 pandemic showed positive correlations between the two constructs. Athletes from India's Southern region perceived higher stress levels than those from the Western part of India. The level of participation and age had no significant effect on the participants' perceived stress and depression.Item A qualitative analysis of barriers and challengers toward sports entrepreneurs in Sri Lanka(International Journal of Entrepreneurship, 2021) Akalanka, S.; Weerakoon, R.; Vitharana, S.; Abeysignhe, C.The current study was aim to identify the barriers and challenges face by sports entrepreneurs in Sri Lanka. Qualitative research approach has employed to understand barriers and challengers of sport entrepreneurs in Sri Lanka. Primary source of data have used for the study and semi-structured interview has applied to collecting data from selected sample. Thus, secondary source of data has gathered from relevant research articles, textbook, websites and other related academic work for develop the conceptual framework. The study has used purposive and snowball sampling methods to collect data from population. The qualitative data has analyzed by using thematic analysis techniques. The results have revealed that 10 major barriers and challengers, which face by Sri Lankan sport entrepreneurs such as Capital, Politics, Business Environment, Business Knowledge, Weather, Public Relations, Time Management, Personal Responsibilities, Employees, and Consumers. As a managerial perspective, current results will useful to practitioners, government and policy makers for preparing new rule and policies to develop sport entrepreneurship sector in Sri Lankan. In addition, Future researchers can use same factors to identify intensity of entrepreneur’s barriers and challengers in different context.Item SWA+BHAAWA (NATURE): DEFINITION AND UNDERSTANDING(European Journal of Social Sciences Studies, 2021) Jayantha, K; Ariyawansa, R.; Kumara, U.The amazing creation of nature is the result of millions of years of continuous existence. It tells a triumphant story about the adaptation of endangered species to a variety of environmental factors. Behind the natural phenomena that include all species such as animals, plants and planets is a dynamic invisible scene. This study explored the doctrine that underlies the active concept of nature. The need to understand what nature is in the long journey of discovering the definition of the concept of sustainability was the main motivation for this study. The objectives of the study were to 1. understand the concept of ‘swabhaawa dharma’ or ‘swabhawa’ (nature) through pada vibhaṁgakaraṇaya’ (word dissociation) method; 2. understand the concept of nature through synonyms; 3. understand the concept of of nature through dictionary definitions; 4. understand the concept of nature through experts' opinions; 5. understand the concept of nature through the ‘nirukthi’ method; 6. understand the concept of nature through findings by scholars and 7. understand the concept of nature by identifying the elements of nature. The study used a descriptive analysis methodology and a ‘sakaaya pada nirukthi’ method for data analysis. As the study data were available in the native language, that is, in Sinhala, the ‘sakaaya pada nirukthi’ method was used as the most appropriate methodology. Given this study’s nature, a novel technique called ‘vida darshanaya’ was successfully used to implement this study’s objectives. Finally, the study found that the concept of nature is mechanized on six components.Item Park (Uyana): Conceptualization(Scholars Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, 2021) Jayantha, K.; Ariyawansa, RG.; Kumara, U. AnuraHistorical evidence proves that 'parks' have been used as a reconciliation tool between humans and the environment since prehistoric times. With the emergence of various forms of gardening, the basic meaning of park took different forms. This led to complications of understanding what it means by a park. Thus, this paper aims to realize the exact definition of Uyana, which is the Sinhala language term for park how the park is used as a term. The authors used Hela Nirukthi Shasthraya or Hela Niyyukthastra as the method to understand the basic definition of park. We used the equation A = 100/An, B = A/Bn, C = B/Cn, D = C/Dn where A = Base word, B = Level 2, C = Level 3, D = Level 4 and n = number of pure synonyms, to measure definition power of park. We further investigated how many terms are used synonymously with park, and which were gradually distancing away from the basic meaning of park. Further investigations revealed that the identified meanings given to park were indicating a weak power in terms of the power of those definitions. In addition, the term taxonomy of the term park illustrates that the meaning of the park has differentiated with the global development from its original/ basic meaning.Item Kaizen Equilibrium and Organization Behavior: A Conceptual Analysis(Saudi Journal of Business and Management Studies, 2021) Jayantha, K.The Kaizen concept introduced to the world by Imai is a resource that can be used for improvement anywhere. The benefits of this concept are immense, especially for developing countries, as the investment costs considered zero or minimal. Thus, the concept has now spread to the East and the West with many academic studies. However, it is doubtful whether this concept has been used to the fullest as the concept is based on the Japanese socio-economic background. Furthermore, this concept emerges especially in a context where middle management is seen as the driving force. Similarly, a centralised thought pattern can be seen throughout East Asia. The mediation procedure is the way of thinking of Asians. That may be due to their inspiration from Buddhist philosophy from 5 B.C. onwards. This study aims to consider how the Kaizen concept adapts to different organisational structures. The study further explores what needs to be done at the middle management level to maximise the Kaizen concept. However, this study is limited to conceptualisation. Here especially, the triangular organisational structure model and the smooth curve are used for analysis. For in-depth analysis uses positive and negative skewness. This study revealed that the Kaizen concept is satisfied in different ways within tall, flat and symmetrical organisational structures. Accordingly, it became clear that the Kaizen concept in a symmetrical organisational structure would satisfy middle management. It was further demonstrated that the introduction of Kaizen as negative skew and positive skew in high and flat organisational structures, respectively, can satisfy it in middle management. Thus, it is clear that the concept of Kaizen has the potential to be more effective in introducing the organisational structure in particular than in general. However, since this conceptualisation is done more simply, I suggest that further mathematical analysis is appropriate for this.Item Ariya: Definitions and Understanding(World Wide Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 2021) Jayantha,K.; Ariyawansa, R.G.; Kumara, U. AnuraThe concept of sustainability was used as a development strategy in most countries since 1980, and this concept became a common language. However, the existing definitions of the concept of sustainability are diverse. There are many criticisms for existing definitions. Therefore, we are introducing a new definition of sustainability: "Letting Ariya Quality Naturally Open". However, it is difficult to properly understand this definition without explaining it's underlying concept on ther term 'Ariya'. The purpose of this paper was to understand the concept of Ariya by understanding the nature of the Ariya and the path to Ariya. To understand the nature of Ariya, we considered five dimensions. Depending on the study's nature, we followed a qualitative methodology and obtained information from electronic literary sources because of the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic being a limitation to collect data, every effort was made to obtain credible and original data. By achieving the first objective, we understood that Ariya is referred to a Noble nation. Thus, we could conclude that the concept of Ariya is a combination of the noble qualities of a particular culture, knowledge and clan. We also found that the 'Noble Eightfold Path' is the way to understand the path to Ariya. Accordingly, this study was able to confirm that the the 'right-view' should be the first step of achieving the concept of a Noble nation. Further, we propose further research to investigate the results of this study in other ways and to identify the meaning of the term 'right-view'.Item The Problem of Violence and Human Right violation in Global Sport(International journal of social science and entrepreneurship, 2015) Ranjan, W.; Anupa, J.Sport is playing an important role in current global world which is universal language of spreading ethical values throughout the world. At present, sport has become professional after the globalization. Therefore, there are slowly disappeared core ethical values in sport which is leads to increased violence and violation within the sport. The objectives of this paper are i) to identify types of violence in global sport. ii) To understand the cause and effect of violence in sport. iii) To exam the possible solution for violence in global sport. This research was used literature review method to analysing for researchdata. The research has identified types of violence such as player violence, spectator violence, terrorist violence, human right violations which are affected to certain area of social life such as international relations, social wellbeing, attitude of young sport players, damage to human life and property. In addition research was given possible solution for the violence in global sport.Item The Challengers of National Olympic Committee in Sri Lanka for Implementing Environmental Sustainable Principles at Sport Event(International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, 2016) Ranjan, W.; Ranasinghe, D.The study title is “the challengers of National Olympic committee in Sri Lanka for implementing environmental sustainable principles at sport event” which is empirical nature of study that is used qualitative approach for the data analysis. This study main purpose is to discover the Practical challengers of National Olympic committee when they are implementing environmental sustainable principles. This study is mainly base on primary data, which are collected by semi Structure interviews as well as used secondary data from related academic report and wed sites. This study is used non probability sampling method for select the research sample. The findings of this study are: NOC has lack of opportunity to involve in policymaking process of Sri Lankan sport sector, officials have not autonomy to get decision in sport sector, and sport facilities are located in unsuitable locations. In this context, researcher recommended, NOC should have opportunity to involve in sport policy making process, politician should give autonomy to sport officials implementing sport policy, and NOC and government should have to build up proper channel for exchanging each other ideas. This study is only focused practice challenges of NOC when they are implementing environmental sustainable principles, further researchers could be done the ways that can be reduce this practical challenges as well as can be done reasons for happened this kind of changes.Item A Case Study of Analyzing Internal and External Environment in Barcelona Football Club(International Journal of Emerging Research in Management &Technology, 2015) Ranjan, W.; Ranasinghe, D.The study title is “the case of internal and external analysis of Barcelona FC” which is empirical nature of study that is used qualitative approach for the data analysis. This study main purpose is to identify internal and external environment of Barcelona FC in terms of club objectives. This study is mainly based on secondary data, which are collected by related academic report and websites. This study is used non probability sampling method for select the research sample. The data is analyzed by SWOT and PEST analysis. The findings of this study are: the club has poor management system between from 2000 to 2003 which is badly effect to club goals, the club has poor relationship with other club and political institution, the club main strength is loyalty of Catalonian people and their major threat is real Midrate. In this context, researcher recommended, the club should have maintains good relationship with the other organization, the club should be change their managerial style suitable for the effectiveness, and club should be implementing new community project close to people This study is only focused internal and external factors that are influenced to Barcelona FC, further researchers could be done research finding out the solution for practical problem of Barcelona.