Commerce and Financial Management
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Item "THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN NOVELTY, PRIOR KNOWLEDGE AND RESOURCE INVESTMENTS IN NEW VENTURE EMERGENCE (SUMMARY)(Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, 2015) Huyghe, Annelore.; Davidsson, Per.; Semasinghe, D.M.Despite Shane & Venkataraman’s (2000) call for studies on the interdependence of entrepreneurs and “opportunities”, empirical research going beyond the individual to explore the non-actor part of the “entrepreneurship nexus”, as well as the interplay between both, remains scarce (Davidsson forthcoming; Grégoire & Shepherd 2012). Replacing objective “opportunities” with subjective new venture ideas as the nexus partner, our study addresses this critical gap in the literature. Specifically, we investigate the contingent relationships through which the novelty of new venture ideas influences nascent ventures’ ability to get established in the market. Highly novel new venture ideas represent a key source of economic development, as they imply greater potential for growth and high profits (Rosenbusch et al. 2011). However, novelty also increases the uncertainty, complexity and liabilities related to the venture creation process (Samuelsson & Davidsson 2009). This tension has recently led to a debate on the performance implications of novelty in the context of new ventures (e.g., Amason et al. 2006, Boyer & Blazy 2013). We advance this emerging stream of research by focusing on nascent ventures (avoiding survival bias) and by disentangling mediating and moderating contingencies pertaining to the novelty-performance relationship.Item Empowering Women Entrepreneurs Through Micro Finance in Jaffna District, Sri Lanka: Challenges and Scenarios(Centre of Excellence for Scientific & Research Journalism, 2014) Yogendrarajah, R.; Semasinghe, D.M.Micro finance serves as a vital role for women entrepreneurship development in the developing countries as well as in Sri Lanka. As a result of 30 years conflict situation, women lost their male relatives in struggle, and forced to take a responsibility of their family in order to look after their children, aged parents and their male relatives. Micro finance institutions help the poor people particularly women in effective ways in order to create income generating activities. This study focuses the challenges and Scenarios associated with the adoption of microfinance as an instrument for empowering women entrepreneurs in Jaffna District in Sri Lanka. The prime objective of this study is to identify the challenges and scenarios in empowering women entrepreneurs through micro finance in Jaffna District. In this study the rural areas of Jaffna, Nallur, Kopay Divisional Secretariat Divisions, were selected as the sample size of population of women entrepreneurs who were involving in numerous self employable activities around 76 women. Both primary and secondary data were used for gathering information and quantitative and qualitative analysis was carried out to find out the results. To find out the results and check the validity and reliability of quantitative analysis the case study method also used in this study. In the quantitative analysis the correlation and regression method was used to find out the association between the variables of entrepreneurship challenges and needs and micro finance objectives by using SPSS. Three case study method also was included in this study that the women entrepreneurs were improved their activity by the support of micro finance institutions facing many challenges. The result of this study concluded that there is no significant relationship between the objectives of micro finance institutions and the needs of the respondents. In addition to this, using micro finance facilities create more job opportunities and variety of economic activities and improve household education, family welfare and empowering women themselves. Further this study shows that even though micro finance scheme is a strategy for increasing women entrepreneurs those who express their feelings on challenges and issues on marketing activities due to transport problem and financial difficulties. It is suggested that if much awareness will be created to enlighten the women entrepreneurs on record keeping, building assets, managing risk and increasing savings, it would be identified as the best strategy for helping poor women entrepreneurs’ access on financial and non-financial services in MFIs.Item Contribution of Micro Credit Programme in Empowering Women: A Special Reference to Kilinochchi District in Sri Lanka(2014) Yogendrarajah, R.; Semasinghe, D.M.The prime objective of this study was to assess the impact of micro credit in empowering poor women before and after joining with micro credit programmes. The study was conducted at Kilinochchi District in Sri Lanka as one of the war affected areas. Both qualitative and quantitative methods have been used to obtain a reliable data. Data were derived from a questionnaire survey of a sample of 94 women clients and three focus group discussions were conducted involving 18 women while in-depth interviews were carried out with another 12. The paired sample statistics was used to find out the significant differences between before and after joining the micro credit programme. The study indicated that the income levels of the majority of the clients have increased after the delivery of micro credit. The results have also been shown in the enhancement of the women’s self-confidence with respect to the capability to work on their own and improve their lives. The study concluded that the microfinance activities are necessary for the overall empowerment except access of micro credit.Item Challenges Facing by Women in Accessing Credit from Microfinance Institutions in Sri Lanka(2013) Yogendrarajah, R.; Semasinghe, D.M.Women are key instrument in the society and their role is very important in the world because they act dual role both in the family as well as society. The microfinance has an important role in empowering women in developing countries as well as in Sri Lanka by accessing credit facilities for their income generating activities to empower the rural women. With the conflict situation in Northern part of Sri Lanka, most of the men left from that area and they were unable to withstand by political condition. In this situation, many men were killed and women had to take the responsibility of the family as leaders. The Sri Lankan government has a responsibility to rehabilitate and revitalize the situation under post war development. MFIs provide their members with financial and social intermediation services to help improve their income generating activities. The aim of this study is to examine the challenges faced by women when accessing loans for income generating activities. This concept paper focuses on a review of academic literature on Challenges when accessing loans in empowering women through micro finance in Sri Lanka. For this purpose previous studies from developed and developing countries on this regards have been examined and then found out the solutions from the literatures. Finally, the conclusion of their studies has been analyzed and then provided a comprehensive literature by seeing the experiences and usefulness of the activities about the solutions for the challenges in accessing the loan facilities for income generating activities to empower poor women. Therefore it has been strongly feel that a look into empowering women and developing them with the support of the microfinance and the monitoring and creating awareness are important to eliminate the challenges facing by them in accessing credit from Microfinance Institutions.Item Women Empowerment through Micro-credit: A Special Reference to Jaffna District(2013) Yogendrarajah, R.; Semasinghe, D.M.The prime objective of this study is to identify the association between micro-credit and women empowerment by giving opportunity for self-employment and the impact of micro-credit on women empowerment as well. This study focuses on women empowerment through micro-credit under post-war development in Jaffna District selecting five rural areas which are Chankanai, Sandilipay, Vaddukoddai, Uduvil, and Kondavil in Jaffna District. The information has been gathered by primary data from the rural women in the above selected areas and 66 responded out of 77. From the results, it is concluded that the micro-credit has significant relationship and positively correlated (0.752) with empowerment at 0.01 significant levels and its impact is crucial as well. It is suggested that the micro-credit facilities are essential in empowering women and developing the women entrepreneurs under post-war development.Item Impact of Demographic Factors on Women Empowerment through Micro Credit – A Special Reference to Jaffna District(2013) Yogendrarajah, R.; Semasinghe, D.M.Rural women play a significant role in the domestic and socio economic life of the society. Therefore nations‟ development is not possible without developing this segment of the society. Women face numerous challenges in accessing education and health services, as well as economic development. Most micro finance organizations target poor women and usually who excluded from social groups. This study explores the personal demographic factors‟ influence on empowerment of women in Jaffna District. Quantitative method has been used for gathering information and purposeful sampling method has been used to collect the data. The survey instrument in the form of close-ended questionnaire was developed for the purpose of collecting the main data for the study. Regression analysis has been used to find out the impact of demographical factors on women empowerment and the Independent sample one-way Anova (f-test) and independent sample t-test (t-test) were used to identify the significant mean differences between the degree of women empowerment across the demographic factors. The results showed that the demographic factors surveyed education, occupation and experience influence on women empowerment and that have weak impact on them. Based on the findings, it has been concluded that there is no significant mean differences between the degree of empowerment across the education level, occupation and years of experience.Item Attractiveness of venture ideas: a conjoint study(Swinburne University of Technology, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, 2010) Semasinghe, D.M.; Davidsson, P.; Steffens, P.R.Every venture starts with a venture idea; product/service, method of production, customer, market, or method of promotion etc. This study focused its attention on what factors drive entrepreneurs’ perceptions of the relative attractiveness of specific venture ideas, and how important different venture idea characteristics are for making such assessments. Based on several idea characteristics – four dimensions of newness, two dimensions of relatedness and potential financial gains – the study investigated how 32 expert entrepreneurs in Sri Lanka trade off among different levels and attributes associated with different idea characteristics. The study utilized a Conjoint Analysis to understand how entrepreneurs make preferences for different profiles of venture idea characteristics. Results suggest that entrepreneurs are highly attractive of introducing substantial improved products. They prefer to use a higher knowledge in implementing venture idea. Further, results show that entrepreneurs give higher importance for process newness in perceiving venture idea.Item Women Empowerment and Entrepreneurship Development through Micro Credit under Post-war Development: A Special Reference to Jaffna(Jaffna University, 2012) Rathiranee, Y.; Semasinghe, D.M.The micro credit programmes serve as a vital role for women empowerment and entrepreneurship development in the developing countries as well as in Sri Lanka. As a result of 30 years of an internal armed conflict, women and children not only lost male relatives in struggle, but comprised of the displaced. Most of the households in Sri Lanka are now headed exclusively by women. This study focuses on women empowerment and entrepreneurship development through micro credit programme under post war development in Jaffna District selecting five rural areas which were Chankanai, Sandilipay, Vaddukoddai, Uduvil and Kondavil in Jaffna. The main objective of this study was to identify the linkage with micro credit and women empowerment and entrepreneurship development. Further it has an objective to identify the impact of micro credit on women empowerment and entrepreneurship development. The empowerment is explained through social, interpersonal and economic and the entrepreneurship development has been mentioned by the self employment opportunities for agriculture, small business, fishing and farming. The microcredit programme is illustrated by the factors such as amount of loan, interest rate, recovery of loan and flexibility. The information has been gathered by primary data which has been distributed through the close ended questionnaire to the rural women in the above selected areas and 66 responded out of 77 in which 15 numbers from each area. Relationship between the micro credit programmes and women empowerment and entrepreneurship development is examined using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). It is concluded that the empowerment regarding the social, interpersonal and economic and Entrepreneurship development has a significant relationship with the microcredit programme and its impact on women empowerment and entrepreneurship development is crucial. It is suggested that the microcredit facilities are essential in empowering women and develop the women entrepreneurs under post war development because most of the house heads are the women in rural areas and for keeping enhancement in an effective way it should be concentrated with providing other Micro Finance services such as education, health nutrition, training and skill development by using modern technology other than micro credit loan facilities.Item Does the Innate Culture make all Failures to Entrepreneurs? An Existing Context Specific Problem(International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 2014) Dissanayake, D.M.N.S.W.; Semasinghe, D.M.Complementing Ireland et al., (2003) inference of „regardless of the size of the entrepreneurial venture, strategic entrepreneurial aspects (advantage seeking and opportunity seeking behaviors) are important‟, we set out to assess whether less entrepreneurial behavior in Sri Lanka has an impact from the innate culture? This working study interviewed 127 entrepreneurs in two districts in Sri Lanka and Geert Hofstede‟s six dimensional cultures were assessed. We came to know that selected entrepreneurs of two districts hold the characteristics of being collective, high power distant, feminine, low uncertainty avoidance, long term oriented and Indulgent. We concluded that, innate culture hinders entrepreneurship in relation to power distance. Though a large number of entrepreneurial ventures started as solo entrepreneurial ventures in Sri Lanka, the distance of power between the owner and the subordinates may act as a restraining factor in the process of expansion. We generalized our findings and different implications were made and finally some research directions were proposed. Importantly, we propose that, despite the relationship of cultural inheritance and entrepreneurship, strategic entrepreneurial aspects are of paramount importance to secure entrepreneurship in a country. Simply put, it provides a clear basis for sustainable entrepreneurship and it clearly differentiates a mere business venture.Item Attractiveness of Venture Idea amongst Expert Entrepreneurs: A Conjoint Analysis (Interactive Paper)(2010) Semasinghe, D.M.Venture ideas are at the heart of entrepreneurship (Davidsson, 2004). However, we are yet to learn what factors drive entrepreneurs’ perceptions of the attractiveness of venture ideas, and what the relative importance of these factors are for their decision to pursue an idea. The expected financial gain is one factor that will obviously influence the perceived attractiveness of a venture idea (Shepherd & DeTienne, 2005). In addition, the degree of novelty of venture ideas along one or more dimensions such as new products/services, new method of production, enter into new markets/customer and new method of promotion may affect their attractiveness (Schumpeter, 1934). Further, according to the notion of an individual-opportunity nexus venture ideas are closely associated with certain individual characteristics (relatedness). Shane (2000) empirically identified that individual’s prior knowledge is closely associated with the recognition of venture ideas. Sarasvathy’s (2001; 2008) Effectuation theory proposes a high degree of relatedness between venture ideas and the resource position of the individual. This study examines how entrepreneurs weigh considerations of different forms of novelty and relatedness as well as potential financial gain in assessing the attractiveness of venture ideas.
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