ARS - 2011
Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://repository.kln.ac.lk/handle/123456789/169
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Item Anatomical dimension of the Caudate lobe of the liver(University of Kelaniya, 2011) Widanagama, M.A.; Prabodha, L.B.L.; Palahepitiya, K.N.; Nanayakkara, B.G.; Ilayperuma, I.; Hasan, R.On the posterior surface of the liver, the Caudate lobe lies between the inferior vena cava and the fissure for the ligamentum venosum. It is connected to the right lobe of the liver by the Caudate process. However, functionally it belongs to the left lobe. In left hepatic lobectomy, the left lobe together with most of the Caudate lobe is removed. Furthermore, the diameters of right lobe and Caudate lobe have been used to distinguish between the normal and cirrhotic livers. This study was carried out to establish the anatomical dimensions of the Caudate lobe in a group of adult Sri Lankans. A total of 26 apparently healthy livers obtained from formalin fixed cadavers were studied. The Caudate lobe was measured along its maximum antero-posterior and transverse diameters using a sliding caliper capable of measuring to the nearest 0.01 mm. Maximum transverse diameter of the right lobe of the liver was taken to compare the ratio between the right lobe and the Caudate lobe. The mean maximum antero-posterior and transverse diameters of the Caudate lobe was 51.6 ± 4.6 mm and 27.6 ± 4.5 mm respectively. The transverse diameter of the right lobe was 85.05± 13.2 mm. The mean ratio of the transverse diameter of the Caudate lobe to that of the right lobe was found to be 0.32 ± .06. The results of the study demonstrate the anatomical dimensions established for the Caudate lobe for a group of adult Sri Lankan population. These data will facilitate in improving the outcome of surgical procedures of the liver.Item Incidence of pyramidalis muscle(University of Kelaniya, 2011) Rajawasam, P.P.; Prabodha, L.B.L.; Gamage, U.; Nanayakkara, B.G.; Ilayperuma, I.; Hasan, R.Pyramidalis is a triangular muscle that lies in front of the lower part of rectus abdominis muscle within the rectus sheath. This muscle is known to vary considerably in size and present either unilaterally or bilaterally. A large number of studies supports the racial variation in its occurrence. This preliminary study was carried out to investigate the incidence of pyramidalis muscle and also to establish its anatomical dimensions in a sample group of Sri Lankans. A total of forty two cadavers were studied during the routine gross anatomy dissections. The presence or absence of the muscle either bilaterally or unilaterally was noted on visual inspection. The maximum length and width of the pyramidalis was measured using a sliding caliper capable of measuring to the nearest 0.01mm. Pyramidalis was present bilaterally in 85.71% and absent in 14.28% of the subjects. The maximum length of the muscle was 6.24 ± 0.12 cm on right side and 7.09 ± 0.20 cm on left side. The maximum width was 1.32 ± 0.14 cm on right side and 1.52 ± 0.18 cm on left side. Bilateral variation in the dimensions of the muscle was statiscally significant. The occurrence of pyramidalis muscle was established for a group of adult Sri Lankan population. Our results reveal there is a racial trend in the incidence of pyramidalis muscle between Sri Lankan and other races such as black and white populations.Item An anatomical study of the tarsal tunnel: A cadaveric study(University of Kelaniya, 2011) Karunanayake, A.; Hasan, R.; Salgado, S.; Salvin, K.A.; Fernando, P.; Ranaweera, L.; de Alwis, R.P.; Herath, S.; Senadipathy, C.; Mahawaththa, T.; Fernado, E.; Ilayperuma, I.Tarsal tunnel is a passage formed between the flexor retinaculum and the underlying tarsal bones. Tendons of tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus and the neurovascular bundle of the posterior compartment of the leg pass through this tunnel in separate fascial compartments. To relieve symptoms and signs of Tarsal tunnel syndrome, orthopedic surgeries and anesthetic nerve blocks are used. Therefore, knowing the anatomy of the tarsal tunnel is important to understand and manage conditions related to this region. The aim of this study, is to describe the morphology and its possible variations in a Sri Lankan population compared to what is described in standard anatomy text books. A descriptive study was carried out by dissecting 28 human cadavers available in the Department of Anatomy, University of Kelaniya. Typical anatomy was observed in 26 cadavers (92.85%) where tibialis posterior (TP), flexor digitorum longus (FDL),neurovascular bundle and flexor hallucis longus (FHL) were in separate compartments anterior to posterior respectively. In one cadaver (3.57%) FDL and FHL were in a single compartment. In another cadaver (3.57%) bifurcation of the tendon of flexor digitorum longus was observed passing through a separate compartment posterior to neurovascular bundle. Even though the majority of the results were in agreement with the typical description of the anatomy of the tarsal tunnel, a certain degree of variability was observed in this area. This knowledge will be of use to clinicians involved in procedures related to the tarsal tunnel.Item Anatomical dimensions of the portal vein: A cadaver study(12th Annual Research Symposium, University of Kelaniya, 2011) Pinsara, G.H.M.; Palahepitiya, K.N.; Nanayakkara, B.G.; Ilayperuma, I.; Hasan, R.The portal vein is formed by union of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins. It lies in front of the inferior vena cava and runs vertically upwards in the free edge of the lesser omentum finally reaching the porta hepatis. In liver transplantation and pancreatectomy, a length of portal vein is removed for anastomose with the recipient vessels. A complete knowledge of the anatomic variations in portal venous anatomy is an essential prerequisite for the outcome of these procedures. Despite the significance of the portal vein little is known about its dimensions in Sri Lankans. The present study was undertaken to investigate the diameter and length of portal vein in a group of adult Sri Lankan population and to compare the results with other published data. The characteristics of cadavers including age, gender, weight and height were recorded. A total of twenty four apparently healthy livers obtained from cadavers were utilized. The diameter of the portal vein at a predetermined sites and the length up to the porta hepatis were recorded. All measurements were taken using a sliding caliper capable of measuring to the nearest 0.01 mm. Results were expressed as mean ± SD. Statistical analysis was performed using the t test. P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Portal vein anatomy was normal and mono-pad in all cases studied. The mean diameter of the portal vein at the porta hepatis was found to be 8.96±1.26mm and the mean length was 8.28±2.33cm. The results indicated that in our study population, the portal veins are longer but their diameters were smaller than when compared with the reported measurements in the anatomy texts. These may be attributed to racial differences. Precise knowledge of the expected normal portal vein diameter at a given anatomic location is the first step towards developing a quantitative estimate of the severity of the portal vein abnormalities. This study provides a reference data set for adult Sri Lankans against which to compare the diameters of the portal vein in various pathological conditions.