IJAR 2020
Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://repository.kln.ac.lk/handle/123456789/22425
Browse
4 results
Search Results
Item A Study of Issues related to Empowerment of Female-Headed Households in Rural Areas in Sri Lanka(International Journal of Academic Research, 2020) Panampitiya, W.M.G.N.Empowerment refers to the process of stimulation of potential powers, capabilities, abilities, and skills of individuals and communities. It plays a significant role to support active life through promoting the independent voice of disadvantaged and vulnerable communities. Hence, women empowerment enables women to identify their latent potentials and skills in decision making, active participation and implementation of policies and programmes. Women-Headed Households (WHHs) is a new form of the household and this new form of the household has become a significant phenomenon in both the global and national level. Although WHHs have occupied a prominent place in development discourse globally, very limited researches have been conducted regarding women empowerment related to WHHs in Sri Lanka. Accordingly, the main objective of this study was to identify the social issues related to empowerment of women heads in rural areas. This empirical research was conducted in five Grama Niladari divisions of Galgamuwa divisional secretariat division which conveyed a marked increase of WHHs in Sri Lanka. Data were collected from a hundred WHHs through purposive sampling method. Questionnaires and semistructured interviews were used as primary data collection techniques. The research was conducted based on the survey method and case study method. Data were analysed based on thematic analysis and descriptive method. Power and authority are attributed in most patriarchal societies to women mainly due to the disappearing of the male person of the household. Thus, it could be identified that power and authority to make decisions in most cases of WHHs are not result of mobilization or empowerment but, women have no choice other than deciding on her household after assuming headship. Membership of community organizations illustrates a significant crosscutting of the social profile of individuals. A majority (99%) of WHHs had obtained membership of death donation organization and Samurdhi organization (79%). But importantly, it could be identified that majority of WHHs (80%, 66%, and 55%) had not obtained memberships respectively of the women development organization, water organization, and farmers’ organization. Only a few proportions of women heads (10%) had participated for self-employment training. Lack of motivation towards new trends of income-generating sources and unwillingness to change their familiar safe-zone had highly influenced the limited tendency to involve in activities related diversification of income-generating sources and livelihood of WHHs. Most of the current government programmes have related to the financial and physical allowances and has influenced to create a dependent mentality and to decrease the motivational factors among WHHs. As a result of that, a larger percentage of WHHs (75%) had requested more programmes on financial aids. Based on these findings it has been suggested to introduce integrated projects based on participatory development approach and methods of social inclusion to enhance opportunities to build self-esteem and self-confidence and to identify adaptation and mitigation actions to reduce hardships and issues through empowering latent potentials and skills of WHHs.Item Modelling and Forecasting the Usage of Cellular and Landline Phones in Sri Lanka: Univariate Time Series Approach(International Journal of Academic Research, 2020) Karunarathner, A.W.S.P.; Perera, M.S.H.; Liyanage, U.P.Phones have become a mandatory commodity in human life. Nowadays, there is a very strong increase in the cellular phone market, so we tend to forget landline phone services. According to statistics, cellular phones and landline phones usage up to December 2018 is 32,528,104 and 2,484, 616 respectively. That is, the teledensity (per 100 inhabitants) is 150 for cellular phones and 11.5 for landline phones. Due to the increment of the cellular phones and decrement of the landline phones, it is vitally important to study their behaviour. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to model and forecast the usage of cellular and landline phones in Sri Lanka. The model was developed using 80% of the data and validated with 20%. The usage was modelled with Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) technique. Several models were fitted and based on the lowest Akaike’s Information Criteria (AIC), ARIMA (1,2,1) and ARIMA (2,2,1) were identified as the best-fitted models with forecasting accuracy measured by Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) values 1.403 and 0.976 for cellular and landline phones usage respectively, concluding that two ARIMA models have a strong potential for forecasting the usage of cellular and landline phones. This model would be important to those who are with the telecoms market to achieve their business goals.Item Regional Integration and Its Impact on Tourism Industry: with special reference to Indonesia(International Journal of Academic Research, 2020) Wijesinghe, HashanRegional integration has been identified as one of the main strategies which are often used to solve common political, economic, scientific and sociocultural issues faced by countries in a particular geographical area. Regional economic cooperation occurs in various forms and degrees and is in general aimed at increasing cross border linkages and deepening interpenetration of economic activity for the mutual benefit of economies within a geographic region. Looking at the world tourism industry, according to the World Tourism Organization, 2016 was a momentous year for tourism where international tourist arrivals continued their upward trajectory in their seventh straight year of above-average growth. Against this backdrop, the main objective of the study would be to understand the relationship and impact of regional integration on the tourism industry of a given state with special reference to Indonesia. Here the study has focused on the progress and status of intra-regional tourism in ASEAN and its impact on Indonesia. This study is an exploratory case study of Indonesia’s tourism sector. The data is collected through secondary sources including annual reports, magazines, journal articles etc. The study has found, over the last 5-10 years the tourism industry in Indonesia has shown an upward trend and that continued success was mainly due to tourist arrivals from the ASEAN region. Intra-regional tourism has made a significant contribution to the tourism sector of Indonesia. Strengthened regional ties have given Indonesia the advantage of diversifying its tourism industry as well. The study finds an interdependent relationship between regionalism and tourism sector.Item Recent China’s Patent Activity and Innovation Capacity(International Journal of Academic Research, 2020) Rho, SunghoRecently, patent applications of Chinese innovative entities have been increasing and approved patents have been increasing, so attention has been focused. It shows that China's innovators rapidly increasing their capacity. This study describes the increase in patent activity and investigates the background of increased patent activity in China. The results can be summarized as follows. Firstly, China has evolved into a system in which local governments lead innovation activities with strong motivations and patent activities are increasing around local governments. Secondly, as China has pushed forward indigenous innovation policy and has an innovation system friendly to domestic firms, the patent activity of Chinese firms has far exceeded that of foreign-invested firms in China.