International Conference on Social Sciences 2013

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    Effectiveness of governance and accountability mechanism of the Second Community Development and Livelihood Improvement Project
    (Culture, Globalization and the Developing World, 2nd ICSS, 2013) WICKRAMASINGHE C N; Kumara M M S
    This research study is aimed to investigate the effectiveness of governance and accountability mechanism of Second Community Development and Livelihood Improvement Project (SCDLIP). The study has focused on village Organizations (VOs) in Project have been established in nine districts namely, Badulla, Hambantota, Monaragala, Ratnapura, Polonnarauwa, Nuwara Eliya, Kegalle, Kalutara and Kurunegala districts and the literature review also discusses the contribution of governance and accountability mechanism. The study has four specific objectives. Firstly, to measure the village level risk areas of SCDLIP, secondly, it to determine the success level of governance and accountability mechanism, thirdly, to examine problem areas in the governance and accountability mechanism and finally, it identify the relationship between each other risk areas. The study was designed as a descriptive correlation research. Out of 1,010 village organizations in SCDLIP were randomly selected as the sample of the study. The sample represented 20% of the target population and it was 210 village organizations. According to the results of governance and accountability mechanism, overall malfunctions in intra-village governance systems progress (institutional), financial management progress (financial), and the irregularities in procurement and assets management, weakness in disclosure policies and procedures progress (procurement) higher than the Project expected targets. The overall weakness in disclosure policies and procedures and poor communication progress (communication) and the inactive complaint and grievance redress mechanism progress (grievance) was lower than the Project expected targets. According to the problem areas in the governance and accountability mechanism of SCDLIP, one of the major finding not using clear reporting structure and to address the identified issues and how to provide feedback on these actions from VO to national level. It was unclear whether the process takes into account the actions at various levels to address the problem. In overall, the system appeared to be disjointed and conducted in an ad hoc fashion. Finally, the researcher has presented three types of recommendation process owners of SCDLIP. The study also suggests some recommendations for the future studies.
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    Stilt fishing in Southern Sri Lanka: management constraints and future sustainability
    (Culture, Globalization and the Developing World, 2nd ICSS, 2013) Epa, U.P.K.; Zoysa, M.C.L.
    Stilt fishing is one of the traditional artisanal fishing methods which cannot be seen in any part of the world except in Southern coast of Sri Lanka. This unique fishing method is identified by the supporting structure that is used by fishermen during fishing operation. In the present study, methods such as participant-observation, structured questionnaire, interviews and analysis of statistical data were used. The socio-economic data was collected from Goviyapana, Kubalgama and Talpe fishing villages in the Galle district. Though stilt fishermen are not organized into a society the fishery is managed by the fishermen by their own management strategies. Each fishing reef is used only by fishermen from a particular village or group of villages. Fishing using crafts and nets are forbidden, as are different types of hooks. Fishing rights and skills are transferred from parents to their offspring. According to the catch statistics there was a significantly positive relationship (p<0.05) between rainfall and catch per unit effort at sampling sites. There is no restriction regarding the number of stilts that could be planted in one reef a time and this activity not only damages the reef unnecessarily but also obstacle the free movement of fish in the shallow coastal waters. Offshore fishermen set their nets across the fish migratory pathways even during the stilt fishing period. The present fisheries act (No. 02 of 1996, as amended) does not contain regulations to control setting of nets across fish migratory pathways. Successful stilt fishermen have substantial knowledge of fisheries issues accumulated through informal experience that passes generation to generation. Resolving the issues related to stilt fisheries and/or provision of facilities for other fisheries related activities can help them stay in the industry or diversify. The long-term aim should be to establish resilient communities with sustainable and diversified livelihoods.
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    Domestication of Exacum trinervium
    (Culture, Globalization and the Developing World, 2nd ICSS, 2013) Meneripitiya, M.S.K.; Jayatilleke, M.P.
    Exacum trinervium (L) (Binara) (Gentianaceae) is one of the endemic rare plant species in Sri Lanka. Though the availability of these plants has restricted to certain areas of the country it can be used for both horticultural and floricultural purposes. The present study was conducted to investigate mass propagation methods for Exacum in order to introduce a novel ornamental species to the local horticultural industry. Explants were obtained from Pilikuththuwa forest reserve which located in Gampaha district, Sri Lanka. 20 % commercial bleach Clorox was applied for 20 minutes and 0.1 g/l mercuric chloride for 10 minutes application were selected as the most appropriate surface sterilization procedure for Exacum shoot tips, nodal segments and leaves. 10 % Clorox for 10 minutes was selected to surface sterilize Exacum seeds. Shoot tip explants were cultured on full strength Murashige and Skoog medium (MS medium, 1962) supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BAP. Cultures were maintained for two months and novel shoot clusters were separated and transferred to shoot multiplication medium, consists of MS basal medium supplemented with 3 % (w/v) sucrose, 2 mg/l BAP and agar 1 % (w/v). Exacum leaf explants were cultured on full strength MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l NAA, 1 mg/l BAP and 3 % (w/v) sucrose. Exacum seeds were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BAP. The seedlings were transferred to the multiplication medium after 30 days. MS basal medium supplemented with 3 % (w/v) sucrose, 2 mg/l BAP and agar 1 % (w/v) was used as the multiplication medium. Compared to the other explants (shoot tips and leaf segments) Exacum seed cultures produced a higher number of plantlets (200-300) per replicate.
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    Sri Lankan research output at international level: a picture from Scopus
    (Culture, Globalization and the Developing World, 2nd ICSS, 2013) Navaneethkrishnan S
    Highlighting the various output patterns of research publications of Sri Lanka, present study identifies the trends in Sri Lankan research performance as reflected by the research publications output between years 1980 -2009 based on scientific publications included in the SciVerse Scopus database. The objective of the study was to identify the research trends in Sri Lankan research performance as reflected by the research publications output during the study period and to identify the contribution of Sri Lanka in global research output. Quantitative methodological approach was taken, based on bibliometric analysis. The process of article selection was as follows: Affiliation - 'Sri Lanka' or ?Srilanka? or 'Ceylon', Publication year - 'January 1980 to December 2010'. Results of this study show globally, 8,694 papers were published during the study period, including 11 document types. Among them, there were 6,671 articles. Research publications of Sri Lanka were rose up significantly in the past three decades and the highest number of researches was published in year 2010. The most preferred language by scientist is English with 8,647 publications. The most productive authors are Tennakone, K., Ratnasooriya, W.D. and De Silva H.J. It was found that the University of Peradeniya leads other institutions in linear growth of output followed by University of Colombo and University of Kelaniya. The output of Medicine was found to be larger than other subjects, which was followed by Agricultural and Biological sciences and engineering and environmental sciences. Ceylon Medical Journal is the first rank of journal title for scientists to publish their research findings followed by Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka. The suggestion of this research is to setup an enabling environment for researchers to publish their research findings at international level and collaboration across the nations needs to be encouraged among the researchers.
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    A bibliographical survey of the palm leaf manuscripts in Ridiviharaya in Kurunegala District & Aluthepola Ganekanda temple, Gampaha District
    (Culture, Globalization and the Developing World, 2nd ICSS, 2013) Piyarathana L
    This research was undertaken with the aim of studying the bibliographical features of palm leaf manuscripts in Sri Lanka. Two temples namely, Ridiviharaya and Aluthepola which possess these manuscripts were selected as samples of the study, and the selection was done on the basis of their geographical location and historical chronology. Ridiviharaya in Kurunegala District dates back to Anuradapura era while Aluthepola in Gampaha District is thought to have come into existence in the 18th century. Thus, the samples selected for the research can be considered as justifiable representations of the palm leaf manuscripts in the country in terms of geographical location and chronological significance. In addition to identifying the subject areas dealt with in the samples, an effort was made to study their bibliographical features as well. Having access to these manuscripts was considerably difficult due to non-availability of bibliographies. Non?existence of a standard criterion or guidelines which specify steps and measures necessary for palm leaf manuscript analysis aggravated this problem. In view of the above problems, this research formulated a bibliography incorporating the data necessary to analyse palm leaf manuscripts. The manner in which in the data should be arranged and the methods suitable to prioritize bibliographic data were also discussed in it. The research also traced the history and the expansion of the art of palm leaf manuscripts in the country. The evidence collected suggests the existence of a bibliographical tradition specific to the country in the past. The data helped to identify character styles, numerical patterns and structural feature of that tradition as well. It is felt that the manuscripts found in the temples were deteriorating in quality gradually, and therefore measures are necessary to conserve them.
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    Information marketing in special libraries
    (Culture, Globalization and the Developing World, 2nd ICSS, 2013) Dasanayake, A.
    Aim of the concept of Marketing at present is not only gaining profit through buying and selling. Helping organizations to gain their institutional objectives in order to move towards their development too is one of the concerns of marketing today. However the realm of this concept is not restricted to profit making ventures exclusively in the present context in that marketing strategies are adopted in non-profit earning institutions such as libraries as well which are concerned primarily with social welfare. Marketing strategies feasible to be used in the sphere of libraries are: planning, organizing, disseminating and controlling information, focusing attention on reader needs. In the case of Sri Lanka dissemination of information is done through educational libraries (i.e. University Libraries) Special Libraries, Public Libraries, School Libraries and information centers and funds needed for these institutions are provided by their respective mother organizations. However these libraries do not render a satisfactory service to their readers, the cause responsible for this situation being the non adoption of marketing principles in those institutions. Causes responsible for the unsatisfactory state above are: disorganized nature of the information dissemination, lack of in-depth knowledge in library conventions and practice on the part of the librarians, scanty knowledge of the library staff in marketing strategies, non-preparedness of the librarians to overcome challenges there exist in relation the marketing of information sources. This research hopes to from an idea about the existing state of information dissemination in special libraries, the degree of success of the staff members with regard to the identification of their market (i.e. target clientele) and the strategies libraries have designed to perform targeted services. Analytical examination of the advantages of Marketing mix (4ps) and identification of the obstacles the special libraries face in relation to marketing information were the other aspects. Lack of knowledge in marketing on the part of the librarians and staff in special libraries, dearth of trained staff, inadequate financial allocations, lack of demand for existing information sources, problems related to the identification of new members (i.e. readers) are the findings of the research. Exposing the librarians and the staff to marketing strategies and promoting research in the discipline are recommended.
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    Semiotics of the language used in Commercials
    (Culture, Globalization and the Developing World, 2nd ICSS, 2013) Liyanage D
    Here we study regarding the semiotics contained in the language of advertising. An advertisement is a marketing tool which has rapid increase within present commercial world. In that the television is a media which advertises more and more advertisements in this study we try to study regarding the semiotics in the language of television advertisements. Also we try to study the behaviors of consumers in the bind process and television. Also we try to study the behaviors of consumers in the bind process and television advertisement. In that we draw our attention towards the thinking process of a consumer using his or her unconscious taste and their ideologies. There fore we draw our attention towards the semiotics contained in the language of advertisement while studying the taste, dislikes of the target group with a study of the behaviors of cultural discourse, Personal discourse and social discourse and execution of cultural ideology, economical ideology and social of colours, backgrounds, music, live animations, special tricks, costumes, use of voice. Also we study about the specialties of the language of advertising in a cultural and inter cultural perspective. We used the method of content analysis in this study. This study was based on 18 selected advertisements from telecommunication companies such as Lankabell, Mobitel, Dialog and Airtell in the year of 2011 in our analysis. Collected data from 100 number of data contributors under random sample method. The analysis was based on quantitative and qualitative methods. Additionally we collected data using interviews. The main conclusion of this study is that the semiotics in the language of advertisements has a strong impact in the attraction of consumers. We need to draw our attention to the words we use in advertisements. We can use the language of advertisements in the development of attitudes. This will have another benefit of social assistance from advertising.
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    Paradox between the media education and media industry in Sri Lanka
    (Culture, Globalization and the Developing World, 2nd ICSS, 2013) Jinadasa M P K
    This study looks into the mismatch between media education and media industry in Sri Lanka. Based on a mixed methodology (using textual analysis of the syllabi of the universities, peer review made by the academics from their carriers and participatory observation from media industries) it shows a significant difference between university contribution and media practice from which this incompatibility have been creating for many years. With the amalgamation of political and commercial governance system this study found in one hand media education has not considered their updating in terms of the changing social system and on the other media industry which has been largely shaped by the contemporary political and highly business mind set up which is deeply - rooted into the country. Even though there are many suggestions, this research concluded despite the fact that media education in the university producing graduates overwhelmingly there is no standards of an interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary output which caters contemporary cultural, political and commercial changes.
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    Adaptation puzzle of war widows: the social risk of becoming a (fe)/male
    (Culture, Globalization and the Developing World, 2nd ICSS, 2013) Edirisinghe, E.A.D.A.
    The study examines the social impact of a by-product of the civil conflict existed in Sri Lanka for over 30 years. The problem of war widowers/widows is a common phenomenon in countries with armed-conflicts. The conflict not only condensed the national development of Sri Lanka, but created social costs including displacement of people, child abuse and war widows. War widows, the spouses of fallen members of security forces (Army, Navy, Air force, Police) at war front, are exposed to different socio-psychological issues of which adaptation is a critical; The male?s (female?s) role in the family and the society is performed by the female (male) during the widowhood, the adaptation puzzle. The study uses a purposive sample of two hundred fifty wives of fallen security personnel in thirty divisional secretaries in Sri Lanka. The study finds that the transitioning role leads violence. It spreads over family and society. After widowhood, women have confronted problems in their adaptation process. The research reveals that not-managed adaptation causes social risks in day today life of widows and the society. Effective adaptation is associated with better finance management, education and religion. Accordingly, the study draws attention of policy makers in managing risk of social systems, eliminating the possible violence and social conflicts in the society by managing adaptation.
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    Politicization of community organizations and development process in rural Sri Lanka: a case study of Northwestern Sri Lanka
    (Culture, Globalization and the Developing World, 2nd ICSS, 2013) Vitharana L D S
    In Sri Lanka, policy makers and political authorities take serious steps to empower rural areas and ensure active participation of rural masses in the development process, because a majority of the population is concentrated in rural areas. In this endeavor, different community level organizations are established at the rural level. And the government channels various collective and individual state resources to rural areas through several organizations, local and international. In this context, the role of the community level organizations in rural development becomes very significant, because the development agencies and related organizations are to implement their rural development projects through the community based organizations. However, the expected goals of the community level organizations in rural development have remained largely unachieved for the recent decades. The major factor behind this failure is found to be party politics or politicization of rural community development organizations. Politically motivated social groups at the rural level have become the key players of those organizations. They have used their power for acquiring and appropriating resources and benefits from external development organizations. As the anticipated goals of development are hindered by these community level organizations in the development, the situation has become a bitter source for conflict among the villagers very often. This paper monitors the impact of politicization of the community organizations and thereby its implications of on the contemporary development process in rural Sri Lanka. Concerned study area of this research belongs to Puttalam district in the Northwestern Province. This study has applied the case study method within the ethnographic tradition consisting participant observations, in-depth interviews as data collecting techniques.