Abstract:
Aedes aegypti is a known vector of several viruses including Yellow fever, Dengue, Chikungunya
and Zika virus. Two potential Aedes aegypti mosquito repellents; methyl eugenol and acetyl eugenol
were semi-synthesized using eugenol extracted from cinnamon leaf, which is the main constituent
in cinnamon leaf as well as in other plant leaf extracts like maduruthala and clove oil. Methyl
eugenol was semi-synthesized using methyl iodide as a methylation precursor and acetyl eugenol
was semi-synthesized using acetic anhydride, triethylamine base and catalytic amount of DMAP.
Synthesis reactions were monitored using TLC and products were purified using flash silica columns.
Formations of desired products were confirmed using GC-MS analysis. A diluted series (0.6-8 mg/
mL) was prepared for these semi-synthesized compounds and for the cinnamon leaf extract using
ethanol and tested separately for their mosquito repellency using arm-in-cage tests followed by
standard WHO methods. Experiments were performed on twenty volunteers in triplicates. Effective
dose (ED99) for each repellent was calculated using beta regression analysis. Current study suggests
that all compounds tested were effective mosquito repellents. Their ED99 varied as; cinnamon leaf
extract (5.80) > methyl eugenol (5.41) > acetyl eugenol (5.13). Acetyl eugenol could be a potential safe
repellent as its ED99 was achieved at a lower concentration and due to the absence of any side effects
on skin when applied. Both maduruthala and clove oil contained significant contents of eugenol
and clove oil had slight amounts of acetyl eugenol which could be extracted to synthesize repellent
compounds or use directly in future.
